Tsukuba Repository  (Tulips-R)

Kitaguchi Daichi

Kumano Koichiro

Takatsuki Ryotaro

Xie Chun

Hashimoto Shinji

Akashi Yoshimasa

Kitahara Itaru

Oda Tatsuya

HOW I DO ITFree-Viewpoint Video in Open Surgery:
Development of Surgical Arena 360Daichi Kitaguchi*, Koichiro Kumano*, Ryotaro Takatsuki†, Chun Xie†, Shinji Hashimoto*,
Yoshimasa Akashi*, Itaru Kitahara†, and, Tatsuya Oda*,
*Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; and
†Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanOBJECTIVE:We aimed to apply the free-viewpoint video
technology developed and introduced mainly for sports
spectators to an open surgical video recording system.
DESIGN: Prospective feasibility study.
SETTING: University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.
PARTICIPANTS: Patients who underwent open pancrea-
ticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer between
December 2022 and March 2023 were included. The gas-
trojejunal anastomosis was the subject of the recording.
RESULTS: Four surgeries were recorded with Surgical
Arena 360, which is the free-viewpoint video system
that we developed. The feasibility of performing a series
of surgical procedures without interrupting the
surgeon’s line of sight or manipulation was demon-
strated in all cases.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that Surgical Arena
360, an open surgical video recording system developed
by applying free-viewpoint video technology, can pro-
vide new insights into surgical support and clinical
knowledge to surgeons by enabling secure capture of
the open surgical field from multiple angles. ( J Surg Ed
81:326329.  2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier
Inc. on behalf of Association of Program Directors in Sur-
gery. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-
ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/))
KEYWORDS: digital surgery, free-viewpoint video, open
surgery, volumetric videoKoichiro Kumano co-first author.
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (grant numbers JP23K17185 and
JP22K08791).
Correspondence: Inquiries to Tatsuya Oda, MD, PhD, Department of Gastrointes-
tinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tenno-
dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan, fax: +81-29-835-3222.; e-mail: tatoda@md.
tsukuba.ac.jp
Correspondence: Inquiries to Itaru Kitahara, PhD, Center for Computational Sci-
ences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan,
fax: +81-29-835-3222.; e-mail: kitahara@ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp
326 Journal of Surgical Education  © 2023 The Authors. Published
Directors in Surgery. This is an o
(http://creativecommons.org/liCOMPETENCIES: Practice-Based Learning and Improve-
ment, Patient Care, Systems-Based PracticeBACKGROUND
As the individual skill level of each surgeon largely
affects patient outcomes,1-4 there is a growing interest in
surgical education aimed at efficiently training surgeons
to achieve an optimal surgical skill level. Thus, video-
based surgical education has been adopted in an effort
to offer surgeons the ability to repeatedly watch videos
of surgical procedures both before and after surgery. As
a result, its effectiveness in improving endoscopic sur-
gery has been highlighted.5 To better understand surgi-
cal procedures, observation from different directions,
including the viewpoints of the surgeon and the assis-
tant, is helpful as it allows visibility of details such as the
angle of scalpel incisions or the depth of suture needle
insertion, i.e., viewpoints that could not be otherwise
obtained with a conventional 1-directional or 2-dimen-
sional surgical video system.
One of the main drawbacks of open surgery compared
to endoscopic surgery is the lack of a surgical video record-
ing system that can reliably capture the center of the surgi-
cal field. An overhead camera suspended from the ceiling
that is commonly used during open surgery is often inade-
quate because the surgical field is off-center and the head
and hands of the surgeon shield the surgical field.
Videos that can provide a clear surgical field of view
are well recognized as not only educational materials for
surgical trainees, but also quality improvement tools of
surgical logistics for the entire surgical team, including
the surgeons, anesthesiologists, nursing staff, and medi-
cal engineers. Thus, with the upcoming digital surgery
era, the demand for video systems for open surgery
enabling a multidirectional clear view of the surgical
field is increasing.1931-7204/$30.00by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Association of Program
pen access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
censes/by-nc-nd/4.0/) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.12.003
Recently, a free-viewpoint (or volumetric) video sys-
tem was developed and introduced, mainly for sports
spectators.6 It is a technology that allows users to view
images in any direction they wish while watching syn-
thesized recorded videos from arbitrarily placed view-
points in a stadium, thus enabling a realistic visual
experience.7 This technology is also utilized in video-
assisted referee systems for soccer as a support tool for offi-
cials.8 Applying this technology to open surgery has the
potential to establish a video recording system that could
solve current operative challenges, while providing intrao-
perative support and postoperative education regarding
open surgery. In addition, from a medical safety standpoint,
it is highly desirable to maintain intraoperative records. In
this study, we aimed to apply free-viewpoint video technol-
ogy to open surgical video capture, with the future goal of
contributing to surgical education.METHODOLOGY AND DEVICE DESCRIPTION
Sixteen small cameras were installed at 65˚ within the
entire circumference of a ring-shaped rim with an inner
diameter of 445 mm and thickness of 180 mm to capture
the surgical field under the center of the ring fromFIGURE 1. (A) A prototype free-viewpoint surgical video recording system. Sixte
ring-shaped rim with an inner diameter of 445 mm and thickness of 180 mm to ca
The convergence angle between adjacent cameras is set at 22.5°. (B) Trial use du
the ring and perform surgical procedures below it. The viewpoint can be freely s
shielded by the surgeons’ hands from some visual angles, as shown in images 1 a
In addition, although the needle tip is hidden behind the needle holder from some a
tion into the intestinal wall could be observed by switching to other viewpoints (ima
versions after size and weight modifications.
Journal of Surgical Education  Volume 81/Number 3  March 2024multiple viewpoints. The convergence angle between
the adjacent cameras was set at 22.5˚ (Fig. 1A). Prior to
its clinical application, the feasibility of this system was
confirmed through trials in excised porcine organs in
accordance with the Fundamental Guideline for Proper
Conduct of Animal Experiment and Related Activities in
Academic Research Institutions under the jurisdiction of
the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and
Technology (Japan). To allow the surgeon’s line of vision
to be above the ring and manipulation to be below the
ring, the system was suspended approximately 50 cm
from the surgical field, and was prefixed at the set height
to the arm on casters. The surgical field was simulta-
neously recorded by 16 cameras (1,920£ 1,080 pixels at
30 frames per second) into a single computer, and a bul-
let-time video with a switchable viewpoint was con-
structed (Fig. 1B). In this retrospective study, to
facilitate smooth transition of the visual angle, the direc-
tions of all cameras were adjusted manually so that their
optical axes intersected at a single point in the surgical
field. This point is referred to as the gazing point.
Patients who underwent open pancreaticoduodenectomy
for pancreatic cancer at the University of Tsukuba Hospital
between December 2022 and March 2023 were included.
The gastrojejunal anastomosis was the subject of theen small cameras were installed at 65° within the entire circumference of a
pture the surgical field under the center of the ring from multiple viewpoints.
ring actual surgery. The surgeons can observe the surgical field from above
witched to any angle in all directions. The target anastomotic organs were
nd 2; however, the target could be observed by switching to other angles.
ngles (images 3 and 4), the direction, angle, and depth of the needle inser-
ges 5 and 6). (C) Sample images of the futuristic representation of improved
327
recording. The study protocol was reviewed and approved
by the Ethics Committee of the University of Tsukuba Hospi-
tal, Tsukuba, Japan (registration number: R04-078). Written
informed consent was obtained from all study participants.
This study conformed to the provisions of the Declaration
of Helsinki in 1964 (as revised in Brazil in 2013).PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Four surgeries were recorded with Surgical Arena 360,
which is the free-viewpoint video system that we devel-
oped. The feasibility of performing a series of surgical
procedures without interrupting the surgeon’s line of
sight or manipulation was demonstrated in all cases.
Intraoperative images captured from multiple view-
points are shown in Figure 1B. The target anastomotic
organs were shielded by the surgeons’ hands from some
visual angles, as shown in images 1 and 2; however, the
target could be observed by switching to other angles.
Additionally, while the needle tip was hidden behind the
needle holder from some angles (images 3 and 4), the
direction, angle, and depth of the needle insertion into
the intestinal wall could be observed by switching to
other viewpoints (images 5 and 6).CURRENT STATUS
Our free-viewpoint video system has a few limitations.
First, the size and weight of the ring-shaped rims could be
improved. As shown in the sample images of the
improved version in Figure 1C, downsizing each camera
and making the entire system smaller and lighter is desir-
able. Second, the camera resolution was insufficient,
necessitating higher-resolution cameras to be installed for
sufficient viewing quality, even after digital zooming.
Third, the current system requires manual setting of the
gazing point to facilitate free-viewpoint video synthesis.
By introducing artificial intelligence-based computer
vision technology into the developed system, features
such as automatic extraction of the gazing point (e.g., the
target surgical field) and automatic unblocking of obstruc-
tions (e.g., the surgeon’s hands) can be employed, result-
ing in more efficient and higher-quality surgical
educational videos. Furthermore, because free-viewpoint
videos have a high affinity for virtual and augmented reali-
ties, we believe that our system can be developed to uti-
lize such technologies in future iterations.SUMMARY
Surgical Arena 360, an open surgical video recording sys-
tem developed by applying free-viewpoint video technol-
ogy, can provide new insights into surgical support and328 Jouclinical knowledge to surgeons by enabling secure capture
of the open surgical field frommultiple angles.ETHICAL STATEMENT
The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the
Ethics Committee of the University of Tsukuba Hospital,
Tsukuba, Japan (registration number: R04-078). Written
informed consent was obtained from all study partici-
pants. This study conformed to the provisions of the Dec-
laration of Helsinki in 1964 (as revised in Brazil in 2013).DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Due to the sensitive nature of the questions asked in this
study, survey respondents were assured raw data would
remain confidential and would not be shared.DECLARATIONOF GENERATIVE AI IN
SCIENTIFICWRITING
During the preparation of this work the authors used no
generative AI.AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
All authors (1) made substantial contributions to the
study concept or the data analysis or interpretation; (2)
drafted the manuscript or revised it critically for impor-
tant intellectual content; (3) approved the final version
of the manuscript to be published; and (4) agreed to be
accountable for all aspects of the work.ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank Osamu Shimomura, Kazuhiro Takaha-
shi, Yoshihiro Miyazaki, Manami Doi, Kinji Furuya, Hiro-
mitsu Nakahashi, and Jaejeong Kim for their technical
assistance with the experiments. The authors also thank
Bryan J. Mathis for carefully proofreading this manu-
script. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI
(grant numbers JP23K17185 and JP22K08791).REFERENCES
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English

Free-Viewpoint Video in Open Surgery: Development of Surgical Arena 360

Ogata Hitomi

Negishi Yutaro

Koizumi Nao

Nagayama Hisashi

Kaneko Miki

Kiyono Ken

Omi Naomi

Individually optimized estimation of energy expenditure in rescue workers using a tri-axial accelerometer and heart rate monitor

NISHIMURA Hirokazu

Huber, Annette
The period isomorphism in the tame geometry. (English)
  Zbl 07836729
Math. Nachr. 297, No. 4, 1230-1247 (2024)
If is a differentiable manifold, there is a canonical isomorphism between de Rham cohomology and singular
cohomology. It is induced from the period pairing between de Rham cohomology and singular homology.
The pairing has a good description by integration
(σ, ω) 7→
∫
∆d
σ∗ω
In [A. Huber and S. Müller-Stach, Periods and Nori motives. Cham: Springer (2017; Zbl 1369.14001)],
the author and Müller-Stach gave an alternative description of the set of period numbers in terms of
semi-algebraic sets. There are two problems that were not addressed in [loc. cit.].
1. In order to get a well-defined pairing on homology, we need to establish Stokes’ formula for semi-
algebraic σ;
2. In order to show that the two pairting agree, we need to compare smooth and semi-algebraic σ.
This paper solves the two problem by introducing the notion of a simplex abiding by Stokes. To a great
extent, this paper is an exercise in exploiting the full strength of [M. Czapla and W. Pawłucki, Topol.
Methods Nonlinear Anal. 52, No. 2, 739–747 (2018; Zbl 1423.32011)]. Indeed, such applications to periods
are the explicit rationale given by T. Ohmoto and M. Shiota [J. Topol. 10, No. 3, 765–775 (2017; Zbl
1376.14060)].
Reviewer: Hirokazu Nishimura (Tsukuba)
MSC:
53-XX Differential geometry
58-XX Global analysis, analysis on manifolds
Keywords:
period isomorphism; Stokes theorem; tame geometry
Full Text: DOI arXiv
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Revised by the authors. · Zbl 0633.14016
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Edited by FIZ Karlsruhe, the European Mathematical Society and the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
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Edited by FIZ Karlsruhe, the European Mathematical Society and the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
© 2024 FIZ Karlsruhe GmbH Page 2


a review of The period isomorphism in the tame geometry by Huber Annette

寺石 悦章

Japanese

シュタイナーとフランクル倫理的個人主義と良心

Nishiyasu Wataru

Kyono Atsushi

Thermal behavior of borax, Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O

Suzuki Takayuki

Marumoto Kazuhiro

Spin-dependent recombination affected by post-annealing of organic photovoltaic devices

Dohmoto Yu

Ogawa Koichi

Enomoto Tsuyoshi

Ohara Yusuke

Owada Yohei

Dohmoto et al. 
Journal of Medical Case Reports          (2024) 18:200  
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04511-5
CASE REPORT
Laparoscopic extraction of a symptomatic 
upper abdominal pedunculated parietal 
peritoneal lipoma arising intermittent 
abdominal pain: a case report
Yu Dohmoto1, Yoshimasa Akashi1*, Koichi Ogawa1, Tsuyoshi Enomoto1, Yusuke Ohara1, Yohei Owada1 and 
Tatsuya Oda1 
Abstract 
Introduction Lipomas arising in the parietal peritoneum are rare, and some of them cause abdominal pain due 
to torsion of the pedunculated peritoneum. We encountered a case of parietal peritoneal lipoma arising upper peri-
toneum. In this report, we describe the detail of clinical presentation and discuss its potential pathogenesis and treat-
ment strategy.
Case presentation 45 year-old Japanese female patient presented with long-lasting intermittent pain in the left 
upper abdominal region. Abdominal imaging showed a well-defined fatty mass measuring 40 mm in size, suggesting 
a parietal peritoneal lipoma. Laparoscopy revealed a tumor with a twisted peduncle; however, no adhesion of the sur-
rounding tissues and ischemic changes were visible. The tumor was easily removed by dissection of the tumor 
pedicle.
Conclusion Parietal peritoneal lipoma often shows pedunculated form and it causes abdominal pain by the torsion 
of tumor pedicle. Therefore, this type of lipoma should be considered a more aggressive surgery.
Keywords Abdominal wall, Lipoma, Peritoneum
Introduction
Lipomas are common benign tumors that can occur in 
any part of the body; however, those arising in the pari-
etal peritoneum are rare [1]. Some of these lipomas are 
pedunculated and cause abdominal pain due to torsion 
of the attaching peritoneum [2]. The most frequent loca-
tions of these pain-causing lipomas are the right iliac 
fossa, mimicking the clinical appearance of appendicitis 
[1–3], and any other lipomas are located in the mid or 
lower abdomen [4–9].
We herein present the first case of pedunculated 
lipoma arising in the upper parietal peritoneum.
Case presentation
A 45-year-old Japanese woman presented with intermit-
tent abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant for more 
than 5 months. Two months after the onset of symptoms, 
the patient visited a clinic and was treated with medica-
tion; however, symptoms recurred two months later. A 
40  mm well-demarcated low-density mass was detected 
Open Access
© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which 
permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the 
original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or 
other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line 
to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory 
regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this 
licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecom-
mons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
Journal of
Medical Case Reports
*Correspondence:
Yoshimasa Akashi
yakashi@md.tsukuba.ac.jp
1 Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, 
Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 
Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
Page 2 of 4Dohmoto et al. Journal of Medical Case Reports          (2024) 18:200 
on computed tomography (CT) scan, and she was 
referred to our hospital for further examination.
She had no other symptoms, such as fever, nausea or 
vomiting, urinary or defecation disorders, and had no sig-
nificant past medical history and abdominal laparotomy. 
Laboratory examination revealed no specific abnormal 
findings. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imag-
ing (MRI) revealed that the mass was a non-enhanced 
fatty tissue and seemed to have a pedicle attached to the 
parietal peritoneum (Fig. 1). Atypical lipomatous tumor 
or well differentiated liposarcoma were considered as dif-
ferential diagnosis; however, benign lipoma was strongly 
suggested by the imaging findings.
Although a benign lipoma was strongly suspected, the 
tumor was considered to have caused her intermittent 
abdominal pain because no other abnormalities were 
present. Therefore, we decided to perform a laparoscopic 
tumor resection.
The operation was performed with four-port trocars: a 
12-mm trocar at the umbilicus, three 5-mm trocars at the 
right and left hypochondriac and right lumbar regions. 
The tumor was observed as a lipomatous, smooth, and 
whitish-yellow surface lesion attached to the parietal 
peritoneum in the left hypochondriac region with a nar-
row pedicle (Fig. 2A). The pedicle was twisted; however, 
no ischemic changes were observed in the tumor. There 
was no adhesion of the tumor to any other organs or the 
greater omentum. The tumor was easily removed only by 
dissecting the pedicle and extracted from the umbilical 
port after insertion of a retrieval bag (Fig. 2B).
The patient recovered without any complications and 
was discharged on postoperative day 2. The resected 
tumor was 50 × 45 × 20  mm in size, and histological 
findings showed diffuse proliferation of mature adipo-
cytes with collagen fibers and was finally diagnosed as 
fibrolipoma (Fig. 2C, D). The abdominal pain was relieved 
after surgery without recurrence of abdominal symptoms 
during the one-year follow-up period.
Discussion
Parietal peritoneal lipomas are rare, and only nine cases 
have been reported to date (Table  1) [1–9]. Among 
these cases, four presented with torsion of pedunculated 
lipoma, in which patients presented with right lower 
abdominal pain mimicking acute appendicitis [1–3, 7]. 
Those cases showed aggravated pain, and signs of peri-
tonitis were present on physical examination. In all of 
these cases, congested, ischemic, or acute hemorrhagic 
lipomas with twisted torsion peduncle were observed, 
and then ischemic change itself or torsion of the perito-
neum was considered as the cause of pain aggravation. In 
our case, the patient’s chief complaint was intermittent 
abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant region, and as 
opposed to previous cases, the pain did not worsen with 
time, and signs of peritonitis were not present. Intraoper-
atively, the peduncle of the lipoma was twisted; however, 
the lipoma did not show signs of ischemia, congestion, 
or hemorrhage. This may explain why the pain was not 
aggravated in contrast to other reported cases.
In the previous nine cases of parietal peritoneal lipo-
mas, six (66.7%) were located in the right iliac fossa and 
appeared around the right lateral umbilical fold. Addi-
tionally, two (22.2%) of those developed from the median 
Fig. 1 Magnetic resonance imaging of the tumor. Magnetic 
resonance imaging examination with contrast material shows 
a pedunculated tumor that attaches to the parietal peritoneum 
(arrowheads)
Fig. 2 Intraoperative and macroscopic findings of the tumor. 
The pedunculated tumor of the left upper parietal peritoneum 
is observed in laparoscopy and its pedicle was twisted (A, arrow). 
The tumor was attached only to peritoneum and had no continuity 
to the muscle or vessels (B). Macroscopic findings of tumor (C tumor 
surface, D stump of pedicle). A soft, whitish-yellow, smooth surface 
mass with a narrow pedicle. No evidence of congestion, ischemia, 
or acute hemorrhage
Page 3 of 4Dohmoto et al. Journal of Medical Case Reports          (2024) 18:200  
umbilical fold or falciform ligament, and the remaining 
one developed around the left iliac fossa. In the umbili-
cal folds, fat tissues generally exist around the umbilical 
cord or inferior epigastric vessels, and the amounts are 
relatively higher than in other areas of the peritoneum, 
excluding the retroperitoneum, which includes the thick 
fat pad of Gerota. Lipomas arising from the retroperi-
toneum are not rare in the parietal peritoneum; there-
fore, the incidence of lipomas and the amount of fat 
tissues in each location appears to be proportional. If so, 
all nine previous parietal lipomas located in the mid or 
lower abdomen, particularly around the umbilical folds, 
are understandable. Furthermore, some cases reported 
as preperitoneal lipomas around inguinal areas may be 
included in the same pathogenic entities [10]. Although 
this case is included in the disease concept of epiploic 
appendagitis, this disease is usually recognized as occur-
ring in the epiploic appendices. It should be kept in mind 
that it can also occur in appendices originating in epigas-
tric abdominal wall as in our case[11]. From this point 
of view, our case is extremely rare and there is no pre-
vious case report of parietal peritoneal lipoma arising 
in the upper side of the parietal peritoneum as far as we 
researched. The location is not generally observed in rich 
preperitoneal fat tissues; therefore, ectopic or misplaced 
adipose tissue is considered a possible cause for this case.
As lipomas are benign tumors with low potential 
for malignant transformation, in the abdominal cav-
ity they may be observed without excision and can be 
detected accidentally during intraoperative procedures, 
particularly in cases that are not accompanied by any 
symptoms. In some reports, lipomas accidentally found 
during intraabdominal operation were left unexcised 
because there was no evidence of contributing to the 
patient’s symptoms [8, 10]. The pedunculated form of 
parietal lipoma should be considered a more aggressive 
surgery owing to the risk of its torsion. The operation of 
pedunculated lipoma exclusion is quite simple and easy, 
as in our case; just the resected pedicle of lipoma, and it 
appears to be a better indication for a minimally invasive 
approach. It was difficult to diagnose preoperatively  in 
five out of nine cases, and diagnosed by explorative lapa-
roscopy or laparotomy. Therefore, in cases of abdominal 
symptoms with or without a definitive diagnosis, laparo-
scopic surgery appears to be a better treatment strategy.
Conclusion
Differential diagnoses of lipoma by imaging exams is not 
so complex, and asymptomatic lipoma can be observed 
without intervention. However, pedunculated form is 
often observed in lipomas arising in parietal peritoneum, 
and it cause abdominal pain by the torsion of tumor pedi-
cle. Therefore, this type of lipoma should be considered a 
more aggressive surgery.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Editage for English language editing.
Author contributions
YD and YA made substantial contributions to the conception of the work and 
drafting the text. KO, Y Ohara and Y Owada contributed to the revision of the 
manuscript drafts. TO revised the manuscript critically for important intellec-
tual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Funding
Not applicable.
Table 1 Reports regarding the treatment of the parietal peritoneal lipoma
n.a. not available
US ultrasound, CT computed tomography, MRI magnetic resonance imaging
No. References (year) Age Sex Location Maximum 
diameter 
(cm)
Torsion 
of 
pedicle
Symptom Diagnosis Treatment
1 Barut (2006) [5] 67 Female Median umbilical 
ligament
6 − Abdominal pain, 
nausea
Laparotomy Laparotomy
2 Bunker (2013) [2] 34 Female Right iliac fossa n.a  + Abdominal pain Laparoscopy Laparoscopy
3 Bang (2014) [4] 75 Male Right iliac fossa 6.5 − Abdominal pain CT Laparotomy
4 Shrestha (2014) [1] 32 Male Right iliac fossa 3  + Abdominal pain Laparoscopy Laparoscopy
5 Sathyakrishna (2014) 
[3]
21 Female Right iliac fossa n.a  + Abdominal pain Laparoscopy Laparoscopy
6 Salgaonkar (2016) [9] 79 Male Left iliac fossa 6.3 − Abdominal pain CT Laparoscopy
7 Özemir (2016) [7] 35 Female Right iliac fossa 4  + Abdominal pain Laparoscopy Laparoscopy
8 Choi (2018) [6] 36 Male Right iliac fossa 22 – Urinary frequency CT Laparoscopy
9 Pillay (2021) [8] 62 Male Median umbilical 
ligament
2 − Abdominal pain US Laparoscopy
10 Present case (2022) 45 Female Left upper peritoneum 5  + Abdominal pain CT, MRI Laparoscopy
Page 4 of 4Dohmoto et al. Journal of Medical Case Reports          (2024) 18:200 
Availability of data and materials
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the cor-
responding author upon reasonable request.
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of 
this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent 
is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.
Competing interests
All authors declare they have no competing interests.
Received: 1 June 2022   Accepted: 13 March 2024
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Laparoscopic extraction of a symptomatic upper abdominal pedunculated parietal peritoneal lipoma arising intermittent abdominal pain: a case report

Zawadowski, Marek
Duality for positive opetopes and positive zoom complexes. (English)
  Zbl 07844811
Theory Appl. Categ. 40, Spec. Vol. Bunge Festschrift, 337-370 (2024)
The opetopes are higher dimensional shapes that were originally invented by J. C. Baez and J. Dolan
[Adv. Math. 135, No. 2, 145–206 (1998; Zbl 0909.18006)] as shapes that are to be used to define a notion
of higher dimensional category. Of all the definitions of opetopes given later, the one given in [J. Kock et
al., Adv. Math. 224, No. 6, 2690–2737 (2010; Zbl 1221.18001)], through so-called zoom complexes, is very
different from any other.
This paper shows that the (positive) zoom complexes, with fairly natural morphisms, form a dual category
to the category of positive opetopes with contraction epimorphisms, which are some kind of degeneracies
of opetopes possibly sending a face only to a face of a lower dimension. This duality could be compared
to a restricted version of the duality between simple categories and discs [C. Berger, Adv. Math. 169, No.
1, 118–175 (2002; Zbl 1024.18004); D. Oury, Theory Appl. Categ. 24, 418–450 (2010; Zbl 1236.18008);
M. Makkai and M. Zawadowski, Theory Appl. Categ. 8, 114–243 (2001; Zbl 1002.18006)]. The analogy
encourages one to think that, while at the level of objects positive opetopes correspond to positive
zoom complexes, the natural morphisms of positive zoom complexes correspond only to degeneracies
(contraction epimorphisms) on the side of positive opetopes, going in the opposite direction.
This paper deals with positive opetopes only. Such opetopes have no loops. It is left open whether one
can extend positive zoom complexes one way or the other, introducing some kind of sink nodes, so that
one could have duality for more maps, e.g., all ι-maps or all ω-functors and not only ι-epimorphisms.
The synopsis of the paper goes as follows.
§2 defines a simplified version of both constellations and zoom complexes thata were originally intro-
duced in [J. Kock et al., Adv. Math. 224, No. 6, 2690–2737 (2010; Zbl 1221.18001)], and the maps
of both constellations and positive zoom complexes.
§3 describes duality for the category pOpeιe of opetopes with contraction epimorphisms on one side
and the category pZoom of positive zoom complexes and zoom complex maps.
§4 presents the extension of this duality to larger categories of pOpeCardι of positive opetopic car-
dinals with contraction epimorphisms and wZoom of wide positive zoom complexes and zoom
complex maps.
§5 is an appendix in which the relevant notions and facts concerning positive opetopes are recalled
from [M. Zawadowski, “On positive opetopes, positive opetopic cardinals and positive opetopic
set”, Preprint, arXiv:0708.2658; M. Zawadowski, “Positive opetopes with contractions form a test
category”, Preprint, arXiv:1712.06033].
Reviewer: Hirokazu Nishimura (Tsukuba)
MSC:
18N30 Strict omega-categories, computads, polygraphs
18A50 Graded categories (general)
18F70 Frames and locales, pointfree topology, Stone duality
Keywords:
positive opetope; constellation; positive zoom complex; duality
Full Text: arXiv Link
References:
[1] J. Baez, J. Dolan, Higher-dimensional algebra III: n-Categories and the algebra of opetopes. Advances in Math. 135 (1998),
pp. 145-206. · Zbl 0909.18006
Edited by FIZ Karlsruhe, the European Mathematical Society and the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
© 2024 FIZ Karlsruhe GmbH Page 1
[2] C. Berger, A Cellular Nerve for Higher Categories. Adv. in Mathematics 169, (2002), pp. 118-175. · Zbl 1024.18004
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1221.18001
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· Zbl 1236.18008
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Providence, RI. · Zbl 1075.18004
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1252.18015
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Zbl 1283.18005
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(2023) pp. 1-88.
[17] M. Zawadowski, On ordered face structures and many-to-one computads. ArXiv:0708.2659 [math.CT], (2007), pp. 1-95.
[18] M. Zawadowski, Lax Monoidal Fibrations, in Models, Logics, and Higher-Dimensional Categories: A Tribute to the Work of
Mihály Makkai (B. Hart, et al. , editors) (CRM Proceedings 53, 2011), pp. 341-424.
[19] M. Zawadowski, Positive Opetopes with Contractions form a Test Category, ArXiv:1712.06033 [math.CT], (2017).
[20] Institute of Mathematics, University of Warsaw ul. S.Banacha 2, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland Email: zawado@mimuw.edu.pl This
article may be accessed at http://www.tac.mta.ca/tac/ THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF CATEGORIES will disseminate
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[22] Clemens Berger, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis: cberger@math.unice.fr Julie Bergner, University of Virginia: jeb2md (at)
virginia.edu Richard Blute, Université d’ Ottawa: rblute@uottawa.ca John Bourke, Masaryk University: bourkej@math.muni.cz
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[23] Joachim Kock, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona: Joachim.Kock (at) uab.cat Stephen Lack, Macquarie University: steve.lack@mq.edu.au
Tom Leinster, University of Edinburgh: Tom.Leinster@ed.ac.uk
[24] Sandra Mantovani, Università degli Studi di Milano: sandra.mantovani@unimi.it Matias Menni, Conicet and Universidad
Nacional de La Plata, Argentina: matias.menni@gmail.com
[25] Giuseppe Metere, Università degli Studi di Milano Statale: giuseppe.metere (at) unimi.it Kate Ponto, University of Kentucky:
kate.ponto (at) uky.edu Robert Rosebrugh, Mount Allison University: rrosebrugh@mta.ca Jiri Rosický, Masaryk Univer-
sity: rosicky@math.muni.cz Giuseppe Rosolini, Università di Genova: rosolini@unige.it Michael Shulman, University of San
Diego: shulman@sandiego.edu Alex Simpson, University of Ljubljana: Alex.Simpson@fmf.uni-lj.si James Stasheff, University of
North Carolina: jds@math.upenn.edu Tim Van der Linden, Université catholique de Louvain: tim.vanderlinden@uclouvain.be
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a review of Duality for positive opetopes and positive zoom complexes by Zawadowski Marek

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る。  
２．３年以上会費の納入を怠ったものは、会員としての資格を失う。  
第７条（紀要）  
本会の紀要は、『学校経営研究』と称し、年１回毎年４月に刊行する。
その編集規程は、別に定めるものとする。  
第８条（雑則）  
本会の事務局は、筑波大学に置く。  
第９条（附則）  
本会則は、昭和 51 年３月１日より施行する。 
２．本会則は、昭和 54 年４月１日より施行する。 
３．本会則は、昭和 56 年４月１日より施行する。 
４．本会則は、1991 年４月１日より施行する。 
５．本会則は、2003 年４月１日より施行する。 
６．本会則は、2008 年４月１日より施行する。 
７. 本会則は、2019 年４月１日より施行する。 
８．本会則は、2022 年４月１日より施行する。  
－ 139－- 139 - 
『学校経営研究』編集規程 
 
１．本紀要は、大塚学校経営研究会の機関誌として年１回発行する。 
２．本紀要は、本会会員の研究論文を掲載し、併せて、文献・資料の紹介、
その他研究活動に関連する記事を登載する。 
３．本紀要に論文を掲載しようとする会員は所定の論文投稿要領に従い、紀
要編集委員会事務局宛に送付するものとする。 
４．論文（特集論文、特別論文、および自由投稿による論文）の掲載は、紀
要編集委員会の査読を経て、合議によって決定する。 
５．掲載の場合は、若干の修正を加えることがある。ただし、内容について
重要な変更を加える場合は、執筆者と協議する。 
６．掲載原稿の著作権は、研究会に帰属するものとする。 
７．著作者自身による学術目的での利用（著作者自身による編集著作物への
転載、掲載、WWW による公衆送信、複写して配布等を含む。）を、研究会
は許諾する。著作者は、研究会に許諾申請をする必要がない。ただし、刊
行後１年間は、 WWW による公衆送信については、原則として許諾しない。 
８．著作者が所属する機関リポジトリでの公開については、刊行１年後に無
条件で許諾する。著作者自身および著作者が所属する機関による許諾申請
をする必要がない。ただし、出典を記載するものとする。刊行後１年以内
の場合には許諾しない。 
９．本紀要の編集事務についての通信は、下記宛とする。 
    〒305－8572   
茨城県つくば市天王台１－１－１  
    筑波大学人間系教育学域 学校経営学研究室内 
   『学校経営研究』編集委員会事務局 
 
 
－ 140－- 140 - 
『学校経営研究』編集基準 
 
１．編集は、次の区分にしたがって行う。 
 （括弧内は、400 字詰原稿用紙の枚数） 
(1) 特集論文 
(2) 特別論文－学校経営学に関する本格的な研究論文（80 枚程度）。 
(3) 自由研究－学校経営学ひいては教育学の発展に寄与する研究論文（ 50
枚程度）。 
(4) 研究ノート－研究論文と並立するもので、とくに研究動向や史・資料
の紹介に重点をおきつつ提言や考察を加えたもの。また
は、その他の萌芽的な研究（50 枚以内）。 
(5) 学校現場の問題－学校経営や教育実践に関する諸問題の分析、事例報
告など（50 枚程度）。 
(6) 書評・資料紹介－学校経営学に関する重要文献の書評、重要資料の解
説。 
(7) 研究会彙報 
(8) その他、必要に応じて編集委員会が設けるもの。 
２．上記(3)(4)(5)については、研究会会員の自由投稿を募る。 
その他については、編集委員会が編集にあたる。その際、会員からの要
望・意見を積極的に聴取し、検討すること。 
３．本基準は、第 38 巻より適用する。 
 
 
 
－ 141－- 141 - 
『学校経営研究』論文投稿要領 
 
１．論文原稿は、未発表のものに限る（ただし、口頭発表、プリントの場合
は、この限りではない）。 
２．論文原稿の文字数、行数および枚数は、別に定めた執筆要領による。 
３．原稿に図表のある場合は、本文に換算する。図表は、本文に挿入したう
えで提出するものとする。 
４．引用文献は、論文末にまとめて提示することとし、その方法は、次の例
に従うこと。 
(1) 吉本二郎『学校経営学』国土社、1965 年、123 頁。 
(2) 永岡順「現代学校経営計画論」『学校経営研究』第１巻、1976 年、15
頁。 
(3) Griffith, D. E., Administrative Theory, Appleton-Century-Corfts 
Inc., 1959, p.21. 
(4) Weick, K.E., “Educational Organization as Loosely Coupled 
System”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.21, 1976, 
pp.75-76. 
５．論文原稿には、執筆者名、所属名は書き入れず、本文（注、引用文献を
含む）にもそれらが判明する書き方をしない。また、「拙著」「拙稿」など
の表現、研究助成、共同研究者への謝辞など、投稿者名や所属機関が判明、
推測できるような表現は控えること。これらの記載が必要な場合は、掲載
決定後の校正において加筆することを認める。 
６．論文原稿には、必ず論文題目の欧文を付すこと。 
７．論文原稿は、原則としてメール添付で送付すること。郵送の場合は、３
部（コピー可）送付すること。原稿は原則として返却しない。 
８．論文投稿の申し込み期限は毎年９月末日とし、原稿提出期限は毎年 10
月末日とする。 
 
 
 
－ 142－- 142 - 
大塚学校経営研究会研究奨励賞授与規程 
 
第１条（趣旨及び名称） 
大塚学校経営研究会（以下、本会）会員の優れた研究を奨励し、本会機関
誌『学校経営研究』の水準向上を図るため、「大塚学校経営研究会研究奨
励賞」（以下、賞）を設ける。  
第２条（対象論文） 
選考対象は、本会の若手会員が『学校経営研究』に発表した「自由研究」
（但し、個人研究論文）とする。若手会員とは、当該論文を投稿した年の
10 月末日現在で、原則として学生会員または 35 歳未満の一般会員であっ
た者をいう。 
第３条（選考） 
選考は、紀要編集委員会が行う。 
２．選考は、１年間を単位として行う。 
３．紀要編集委員会は、授与対象となる論文について、運営委員会に報告
し、承認を得るものとする。 
４．選考に関する内規は、別に定める。 
第４条（授与点数） 
 点数は１年間で１点とするが、該当なしであることを妨げない。 
 ２．賞の授与は、会員一人につき、１回限りとする。 
第５条（表彰） 
 賞は、賞状及び副賞（研究奨励費）とする。 
 ２．賞の授与は、夏季合宿研究会において行う。 
第６条（紀要編集委員会への委任） 
 この規程に定めるもののほか、必要な事項は紀要編集委員会が決定する。 
第７条（規程の改正） 
 本規程の改正については、運営委員会の議を経て、総会の承認を得るもの
とする。 
附記 
本規程は平成 22 年４月１日から施行する。 
２．研究奨励費は一論文につき、金５万円とし、特別会計（「特別事業費
『研究奨励費』）より支出する。  
 
－ 144－- 144 - 
編集後記 
 
『学校経営研究』第 49 巻ができあがりました。  
今号は「教員研修と学校経営―新たな教員研修制度は学校経営を担う教員の
力量形成につながるのか―」というテーマで特集を組みました。免許更新制度
が発展的に解消され、「新たな教師の学びの姿」を掲げた仕組みが作られていま
す。言うまでもなく、「令和の日本型学校教育」の構築に向けた教育改革という
大がかりな政策がその背景にあります。遡れば、教員の職能発達を促すための
仕組みとして教職大学院が制度化され、教員養成系大学を中心とする大学院修
士課程が大幅に改編されたほか、教員の養成・採用・研修の一体的改革を目指
した育成協議会の設置と育成指標の策定、それらの軸ともいうべき「学び続け
る教員」という教職理念の提唱など、過去 20 年ほどの教育政策では教員の質を
いかに保証するかが重要な課題とされてきました。それに並行して、学校の自
律性確立を標榜する制度改革も次々と推進されてきました。学校評議員の制度
化、職員会議の法制化、学校評価システムの構築、コミュニティ・スクールの
拡大など、挙げればキリがありません。こうした改革のもとで、学校経営はど
うあるべきか、それを担う教員の質はどうあるべきか。５篇の特集論文はこう
した問いを考える上で多くの示唆を含むと思います。  
自由投稿論文としては、研究論文を掲載することはできませんでした。しか
し、研究ノートとして掲載されている２篇の論稿はいずれも各執筆者が地道に
取り組んできた調査研究の成果を著した力作です。今回の論稿を今後の研究の
発展に是非ともつなげてほしいと思います。  
書評は会員による著作４冊を取りあげることができました。そのうち１冊は
学位論文をもとにした単著です。ほかの３冊は非会員との共編著ですが、いず
れも学校経営の最新課題にアプローチし、しかも学校現場の実践に深く踏み込
んだ内容です。その中でさいたま市との連携でコロナ禍の下での学校の実態に
迫った故・佐藤博志会員の編著作は貴重なデータを提供してくれています。こ
うして会員の著作を毎年書評に取りあげることができるのは、研究会紀要とし
て喜ばしい限りです。  
引き続き、各会員の研究成果を発信し続けたいと思います。  
 
2024 年春の吉日  
紀要編集委員長  浜 田 博 文  


学校経営研究 第49巻 : 研究会活動記録 会則 投稿規程 他

木下 豪

<研究ノート>「地域住民の学校参加」論の展開と課題―住民の主体性概念の構成と実証的知見の検討を通じて―

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