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Métacognition et autonomie de l'apprenant en langues : un état de l'art
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A corpus-based investigation of fillers in Negidal (Northern Tungusic)
No full textInternational audienceThe Northern Tungusic language Negidal, which is spoken in the Russian Far East by barely a handful of elderly speakers, is a language with a dedicated filler, namely the root uŋun. As shown by an investigation of a corpus of annotated oral recordings comprising over 200 texts of diverse genres (Pakendorf & Aralova 2017), this filler is frequently used: over 880 tokens of uŋun are found in ~76,000 Negidal words, amounting to nearly 12 tokens/1000 words; however, there are large interspeaker differences. About 70% of the occurrences of the filler are used as placeholders for either nouns or verbs, and occasionally even clauses or direct speech. Targets are frequently omitted; when present, it is inflectional, but not derivational, morphology that is mirrored on the placeholder. This mirroring demonstrates that speakers plan the syntactic frame of their utterance well in advance, with differences between less and more proficient speakers. Although the filler is used when speakers have difficulties accessing a word, that is not the only factor triggering its use, as shown by the fact that as a placeholder it often stands in for common lexemes or items that were mentioned in the immediately preceding discourse. The Negidal data add to our knowledge of the as-yet understudied domain of fillers and open up further questions concerning the management of disfluencies in Negidal.</div
Les utopies littéraires dans le théâtre immersif pour le FLE: une plongée au coeur des relations multisensorielles aux textes et aux comédiens
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D'où viennent-ils et où vont-ils ? Parcours de réorientation dans l'enseignement supérieur français
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Application de Transformers multimodaux à l'extraction d'informations des documents de sondage des sols
No full textInternational audienceComplex document Information Extraction is a reasearch field that received a lot of attention in scientific literature as well as in the industry, as part of document digitalization. Transformers and their adaptations has shown great progresses relying on langage models, introducing documents layout semantic understanding. Soil probing log documents are complex and information rich, and no information extraction method has yet been proposed. We show the limits of end-to-end methods throught experiments with DONUT model. As an alternative, we propose a hybrid pipeline based on Multimodal Transformer fine-tuning and heuristic algorithm. We compare two pre-trained Multimodal Transformer architectures : BROS and LayoutLMv3.L’extraction d’information de documents complexes est un domaine de recherche qui bénéficie d’une très grande attention tant dans la littérature, que dans l’industrie dans le cadre de la digitalisation des données. Les Transformers et leurs adaptations ont très largement contribué à faire progresser cette recherche en s’appuyant sur des modèles de langue qui ont introduit une compréhension sémantique de l’organisation de la structure des documents. Les coupes de sondage sont des documents industriels complexes et riches en informations, pour lesquels aucune solution d’extraction d’informations n’avait été proposée. Nous montrons les limites des approches de bout-en-bout par des expérimentations avec le modèle DONUT. Comme alternative, nous proposons une chaîne de traitement hybride reposant sur le fine-tuning de Transformers multimodaux et des algorithmes heuristiques. Nous comparons deux architectures de Transformers multimodaux pré-entrainés : BROS et LayoutLMv3
Questionner la posture de recherche du·de la chercheur·se lorsque son terrain se situe sur ses propres plateformes socionumériques
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General practitioners' recommendation of HPV vaccination to adolescents aged 11-14 may be gender-biased as suggested by a qualitative study in France
No full textInternational audience"In 2022, one year after the extension of HPV vaccination to adolescent boys in France, we conducted a qualitative study to explore how French general practitioners (GPs) approach gender-neutral vaccination. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were carried out with private GPs, and a thematic analysis was performed. Thematic saturation was reached at the twelfth interview. Overall, GPs expressed strong support for gender-neutral vaccination, perceiving it as a way to reduce gender-based discrimination and stigmatization. However, important differences emerged in their practices. Recommendations to girls consistently emphasized individual protection against cervical cancer (n = 15), while recommendations to boys (10 out of 15) more often focused on protecting future female partners or referenced risks for men who have sex with men (MSM), rather than emphasizing male-specific cancer risks. Among these GPs, six reported difficulties recommending HPV vaccination to boys, directly linked to the types of arguments they felt were required. Half conveyed inaccurate information, often associating HPV infection exclusively with MSM. These findings highlight gaps in the French approach relative to international guidelines and suggest the influence of gender bias in recommendation practices. Strengthening gender-awareness training and public health messaging may help support more equitable and effective HPV vaccination strategies.
Context specific challenges of the WHO infection prevention and control core components in the Faranah Region: a mixed methods approach
No full textInternational audienceInfection prevention and control (IPC) programs have been reported to reduce healthcare associated infections by up to 70%. These rates vary globally, with scare data suggesting that the highest prevalence occurs in the African region exceeding 50% in Guinea. The Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework facilitates the evaluation of WHO guidelines on core components of infection prevention and control programs.Using this framework, selected healthcare facilities in Faranah, Guinea were evaluated ahead of an implementation of a training of trainer's program. Between May 2023 and March 2024, in a mixed method approach, the core components of 25 healthcare facilities were assessed in conjunction with an evaluation of 17 trainer's knowledge and perception on hand hygiene through standardized tools.Findings were further triangulated through a deductive analysis consisting of participant observations and semi structured interviews. The overall median of the Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework score in the region was basic (242.5, IQR 172.5 -342.5). Lowest scores were reported for IPC education, whereas IPC guidelines and healthcare associated infection surveillance received high scores. Rural healthcare centers had the lowest score (210.0, IQR 157.5 -265.0), confirmed by qualitative assessment indicating a lack of allocated budget in these facilities in addition to generally observed patient and staff overload. Participant observation found that while healthcare associated infection surveillance scored highly and IPC guidelines were displayed on posters; their practical application was rare. This was triangulated with healthcare workers selfreporting hand hygiene compliance of up to 90% whereby demonstrating considerable gaps in knowledge of WHO hand hygiene standards.Our study provides detailed understanding of a resource limited setting and highlights the importance of continuous IPC training together with behavior changes and the improvement of healthcare associated infection surveillance. In settings where a majority reside in rural areas, appointed health centers must be paid special attention to as they may often be underserved.Finally, infrastructural challenges such as the allocation of budget, patient and staff overload need to be addressed in order to improve the health and safety of patients and healthcare workers
Rendre explicable un moteur de recommandations pédagogiques pour permettre une co-évolution système-enseignant.e
No full textNational audienceDans le cadre du projet ComPer, l'approche par compétences a permis de proposer aux équipes pédagogiques et aux apprenant.e.s un système de recommandations de ressources pédagogiques. La contribution présentée dans cet article consiste en l'apport de deux types d'explications aux enseignant.e.s sur le fonctionnement de ce système de recommandation, afin de leur faciliter son paramétrage. Ces explications sont générées à partir des traces d'exécution du système. L'utilisabilité de l'interface de présentation des explications et la pertinence de ces dernières pour appréhender le système ont été mises à l'essai auprès de membres des équipes pédagogiques utilisatrices des outils ComPer