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Coupling LCA And Dynamic MFA: A Literature Analysis
No full textInternational audienceA combined implementation of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Material Flow Analysis (MFA) is needed to represent a system with its flows, stocks and their related transition dynamics and also assess environmental impacts related to system’s flows with a full LC perspective at different scales: production line, company, territory, etc. However, this coupling is subject to several methodological issues that first need to be overcame:LCA of products (which is the traditional LCA, and will be referred as LCA hereafter) and MFA don’t have the same scopes, implying different system boundaries. While MFA has a wide view on a system with all related products implied in the studied territory, LCA focuses on a unique product (i.e. the reference flow) around which the system is built, also taking into account processes that took place outside the studied territory but implied in the LC. As a consequence, links between coproducts have been cut, or substituted, in LCA databases, preventing from considering an industrial process entirely. Based on that assumption, the traditional LCA calculation routine has been built on the basis of matrix inversion (Heijungs and Suh, 2002). The representation of the problem in the form of matrices provides a concise formulation, but restricts to square technological matrices (to be inversible), and so is unable to consider multioutput processes. Taking temporality into consideration is necessary when transition scenarios are considered. The evolution of flows and stocks of material across the time are considered in dynamic MFA, but stocks are completely absent in LCA.As some couplings have already been led (Barkhausen et al., 2023), a bibliographic review will be presented to position those issues in the literature and identify if they are addressed and how to properly couple LCA and MFA in a context of territorial transition.Heijungs, Reinout, et Sangwon Suh. The Computational Structure of Life Cycle Assessment. Vol. 11. Eco-Efficiency in Industry and Science. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9900-9.Barkhausen, Robin, Leon Rostek, Zoe Chunyu Miao, et Vanessa Zeller. « Combinations of Material Flow Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment and Their Applicability to Assess Circular Economy Requirements in EU Product Regulations. A Systematic Literature Review ». Journal of Cleaner Production 407 (juin 2023): 137017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137017
Cent ans d’archéologie. De la rivalité à la coopération en péninsule Ibérique et au Maroc
No full textInternational audienceCe volume reconstitue l’émergence et la consolidation de la recherche archéologique en péninsule Ibérique et au Maroc depuis la fin du XIXe siècle, en s’appuyant sur l’exemple des fouilles scientifiques de Baelo Claudia, au cœur du détroit de Gibraltar.À travers le regard d’archéologues, historiens et historiens de l’art, ce volume reconstitue l’émergence et la consolidation de la recherche archéologique en péninsule Ibérique et au Maroc depuis la fin du XIXe siècle, en s’appuyant pour cela sur l’exemple des fouilles scientifiques de Baelo Claudia, au cœur du détroit de Gibraltar. L’excellent état de conservation de cette ville romaine, principale voie d’accès à Tingi (Tanger), lui a permis de devenir, depuis plus d’un siècle, un formidable champ d’application des disciplines archéologiques et historiques, comme l’entendait son initiateur Pierre Paris (1859-1931), également fondateur de la Casa de Velázquez. On y découvre ainsi un site exceptionnel et une communauté scientifique qui fait vivre l’internationalisation de la recherche, désormais axée sur la jonction des savoirs issus des deux rives de la Méditerranée
Aligning Educational Stakeholder Perceptions of Learner Profiling with Explainable AI
No full textInternational audienceThe education community continuously develops learner profile (LP) models to support decision-making in learning analytics. However, a gap persists in aligning abstract stakeholder requirements with complex machine learning patterns. Educational stakeholders such as decision-makers, educators, and pedagogical engineers perceive and categorize LPs (e.g. learners in difficulty, active/inactive learners, those in progress, and success-oriented vs. at-risk learners) through mental models. These latter reflect real-world perceptions and pedagogical practices grounded in common educational concepts. To bridge this gap, data scientists must ensure ML insights align with stakeholder needs by selecting relevant features, addressing explainability, mitigating biases, and validating patterns against domain assumptions. For example, a learner generating extensive log data through repeated solution attempts may appear engaged from a human perspective but exhibit disengagement based on unexpected ML discovery patterns, highlighting biases in data interpretation or human perception. We propose Req2XAI (From Requirements to Explainable Machine Learning Models), a framework that establishes a bidirectional mapping between stakeholder requirements for LP analysis and ML-driven learner profiles. Req2XAI externalizes stakeholders' mental model about LP via a conceptual model into requirements and goals and formalizes an end-to-end workflow, from stakeholder objectives to explainable ML models, ensuring transparency at each stage. A proof-of-concept prototype is implemented through a use case, considering the requirements of the Steering Committee of the écri+ project. This work introduces open research challenges associated with the Req2XAI framework, which merit further exploration
Zone libre : récit d'une expérimentation sociale et architecturale de logements temporaires à Villeurbanne
No full textInternational audienceEntretien avec Laurent Trontin, responsable développement et innovation de l'association Alynea, Nicolas Ferro et Yannick Hoffert, architectes de l'agence Atelier 43
« De l’usage des sensations dans les récits de voyage de l’époque moderne »
No full textInternational audienceThis article explores the challenges of writing about sensations in several early modern travel narratives (Léry, 1578; Tavernier, 1676; Challe, 1721) and their implications, in light of the contributions of phenomenology. Often, descriptions of sensations serve as markers of autopsy or “operators of belief” (Hartog) intended to authenticate the veracity of the testimony, but they can also be genuine clues to the experience itself, thus providing a window into the traveler's consciousness
Seeking Knowledge in Clandestinity: Learning and Teaching Islam Among the Morisco Minorities
No full textInternational audience‘El ḏemanḏar el saber es ḏeuḏo a toḏo muçlīm [i] el dezirlo los sabīos es deudo a quien se lo pregunta’. In Islam, acquiring knowledge and transmitting it are duties. In a minority context, it ensures the group’s sociocultural maintenance as a community; in secrecy and under persecution, it becomes a matter of survival, or rather, eschatologically, of collective and individual salvation in the hereafter, despite one’s survival in this earthly life. The starting point of this paper and its state of art is that, according to historical studies, the Aragonese inquisitorial sources of the xvith and xviith century report on numerous teaching assemblies - juntas - among the Moriscos. I argue that the philological exploration of the internal production of the minority - the Aljamiado codices -, provides a complementing voice from within, in particular exhortatory texts. Indeed, their exam offers us a conception of knowledge (Ar. ʿilm) presented as a soteriological key. Although these texts’ being traditional, their textual and contextual analyses reveal hierarchical interpersonal relationships ordered by Islamic wisdom. This structuring hierarchy rests upon (religious) knowledge - its owning, its seeking, and its transmitting - and establishes the sage as a learned leader to obey here below and a modelling master to follow for the hereafter. In regards to the Muslim stubborn irredentism declaimed by contemporary Christian sources and, in particular, to the sociocultural persecution by the Inquisition, I conclude these texts, produced by the remnant cultural-religious elite in secrecy, and, thus, this concept of knowledge fostered, as a discursive instrument, a communal identity in order to maintain a crypto-Islamic community of belief and of practice, whose keystone was knowledge
Anomaly Detection in Energy Performance Certificates – From Oblivious to Enlightened
No full textInternational audienceEnergy performance of buildings is central to achiev- ing the climate ambition, and is part of the directives of many countries. Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) are an integral part of such directives, and are an important instrument to monitor and improve the energy performance of the buildings. However, some EPCs may suffer from inconsistent information and anomalies, making them inappropriate for use. Anomaly detection is a long standing and crucial problem in dependability. The challenge of detecting anomalies in EPCs is twofold: on the one hand, the causes of anomalies are very diverse and not all known a priori, and on the other hand, there is no EPC data labeled with information about their (ab)normality. In this paper, we first share our experience in applying several oblivious anomaly detection methods to EPCs. We then devise an iterative cross-methods approach for a more efficient EPC anomaly detection. Experiments on four real-world EPC datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed anomaly detection approach, and how it outperforms state-of-the-art techniques
Entretien avec Fiona Gordon et Dominique Abel. Amener notre univers clownesque etthéâtral au cinéma ». CinéCirque n°3, pp. 27-33
No full texthttps://cinecirque.hypotheses.org/numero