Portail HAL Lumière Lyon 2
Not a member yet
111406 research outputs found
Sort by
Les taxis clandos de Dakar, entre desserte locale des périphéries urbaines et liaisons métropolitaines
No full textInternational audienc
"Creoles in the Diaspora or Diasporic Creoles: Rethinking language emergence, patterns of (de-)creolization and normativity".
No full text
Handicap, déficience, différence. Une introduction aux disability studies
No full textNational audienceThe aim of this book is to introduce the French public to Disability Studies, a multi-disciplinary field of research in the humanities and social sciences which, since the end of the 1970s, has continued to grow in structure and complexity, to the point where it is now traversed by a number of currents, such as Cultural Disability Studies and Critical Disability Studies, themselves diversified into Crip Studies, Critical Studies of Ableism, Global South Disability Studies, and so on. Using an approach that is inseparably philosophical and historical, this volume presents these different currents in the order in which they emerged, together with the main concepts (impairment vs disability; ableism; disabilism; disability as metaphor; narrative prosthesis, etc.) and models (social/cultural/relational/affirmative model of disability, etc.) that they have forged to understand disability. It focuses on the debates and controversies that have led to the diversification of disability studies, and enriches them with a critical perspective.Cet ouvrage a pour but d’introduire le public français aux disability studies, ou études de handicap, champ de recherche pluridisciplinaire situé dans le domaine des sciences humaines et sociales, qui, depuis la fin des années 1970, ne cesse de se structurer et de se complexifier, au point d’être aujourd’hui traversé d’une pluralité de courants, telles que les cultural disability studies et critical disability studies, elles-mêmes diversifiées en crip studies, critical studies of ableism, global south disability studies, etc. Selon une approche indissociablement philosophique et historique, ce volume présente, dans l’ordre de leur apparition, ces différents courants ainsi que les principaux concepts (impairment vs disability ; ableism ; disabilism ; disability as metaphor ; narrative prosthesis, etc.) et modèles (social/cultural/relational/affirmative model of disability, etc.) qu’ils ont forgés pour appréhender le handicap. Il prend pour fil conducteur l'articulation des trois concepts de handicap, déficience et différence, concentre son propos sur les débats et controverses qui ont présidé à la diversification des disability studies, et les enrichit d'une perspective critique
Renaming in distributed certification
No full textInternational audienceLocal certification is the area of distributed network computing asking the following question: How to certify to the nodes of a network that a global property holds, if they are limited to a local verification? In this area, it is often essential to have identifiers, that is, unique integers assigned to the nodes. In this short paper, we show how to reduce the range of the identifiers, in three different settings. More precisely, we show how to rename identifiers in the classical local certification setting, when we can (resp. cannot) choose the new identifiers, and we show how a global certificate can help to encode very compactly a new identifier assignment that is not injective in general, but still useful. We conclude with a number of applications of these three results
Language and screen-based multimodal communication
No full textThe main objective of this chapter is to explore how language and languaging are impacted by the mediatization of digital technologies. First we point to the main characteristics of screen-based communication, that is multimodality, interactivity, mobility, relationship to time and technogenres. Then we address three current research issues: multilingualism and translations, discrimination and hate speech, and automatic processing of languages in large language models.Key points•Screen-based communication has evolved according to the technologies available over time.•Screen-based communication has an impact on language in terms of multimodality, interactivity, mobility, temporal plasticity and new genericity.•The presence of natural languages in screen-based communication provides possibilities and constraints for machine translation.•Screen-based communication has shown issues in interactional dynamics for different types of discrimination and hate speech.•Artificial intelligence and large language models for chatbots in screen-based communication open new insights and research questions in linguistics
A Colonial Lens on the High Ground: Imperial Vantage Points in British India and French Indochinese Hill Stations
No full textInternational audienceThis paper focusses on the photographic production within South Asian and Southeast Asian hill stations, established by the British and the French empires in India and in Vietnam, throughout the 19th century. In both countries, hill stations stem from early colonial developments. These remote colonial enclaves were used for a variety of purposes that evolved through time: sanitary, political, military, leisure and commercial (Kennedy 1996). They can be looked at as spatial and symbolic manifestations of imperialism, designed to expand colonial domination to all the corners of the Empire (Mitchell 2002).In order to settle in the hills, the landscape itself had to be domesticated through urban planning, architecture, roads, institutions catering for the new occupants (Sacareau 2007). Soon enough, photography started to be used as a means to document the places, account for their changes, and promote a certain image of the hill stations to a broader audience. Today, vast collections of photographs taken in the hills are kept in colonial archives, be it at the British Library (UK) for India or at the Archives Nationales d’Outre-Mer (France) for Vietnam.Based on a sample of photographs taken between the 1840’s and the 1940’s, this paper will explore the imperial gaze – and visual discourse – on these hill stations. It will interrogate the aesthetics and meanings of these photographs and address the issue of their circulation within and beyond the empires, in order to understand the ways in which photography was used to imprint its gaze and legitimize to the colonisers’ presence.We will examine the tools used to construct this visuality through the photographs that were taken by the colonial settlers on site, for personal and/or propaganda purposes. These photographs were instrumental in defining new aesthetical and scenic functions for these mountains, whose beauty is closely linked to their domination (Zytnicki and Hazdaghli, 2009). The construction of viewpoints, panoramas and hiking trails, and later cable cars, can be explained as panoptic devices serving the construction of a heterotopia (Foucault, 1984). These high angled photographs exploit a symbolic vantage point and enact the domination of these peripheral mountain spaces (Mirzoeff, 2011). They allow contemplating both nature and its colonial reordering, embracing a vast space appropriated to serve racial recreation (Jennings, 2011). Thus, tourism was a consensual and enduring way to not only in the construct, but also in to glorify and promote the imperial gaze
Non-verbal predication in Tungusic languages
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter describes non-verbal predication in several Tungusic languages spoken in northern Asia based mainly on descriptive grammars. Although these languages are relatively homogenous in their means of expressing non-verbal predication, at a finergrained level differences emerge. In particular, Manchu stands out in its use of an invariant particle-like copula in the present tense and in the negation of non-verbal predicates: here the negation of possessive and existential predicates patterns with verbal negation, while in the rest of the languages surveyed in this chapter it is identity and inclusion that are negated in the same way as verbal predicates. As is common cross-linguistically, the most common construction in the Tungusic languages is the copula construction with a verbal copula, with juxtaposition being an alternative for 3SG arguments in the present tense. Only Nanai regularly uses cross-linguistically relatively rare predicative inflection in present tense contexts, with the subject agreement being indexed by possessive suffixes on the predicate noun