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Transcultural Memory in the Study of Folk Music in Turkey: 78-rpm Records of the Ottoman American Diaspora
No full textIn this article, I argue that gramophone records by first-generation Armenian immigrants in the United States can be considered some of the earliest field recordings, so much so as if they had been collected from local people in Anatolia. Although such 78-rpm records have not received sufficient disciplinary interest as field recordings in ethnomusicology due to their commercial nature, they are among the earliest sound recordings from any region of the world. Not only because they are commercial, but also because they constructed counternarratives against the “national music” project of the Republican era, these recordings have also been ignored in the music historiography of Turkey. The content of the folk songs recorded in the diaspora is very similar to those collected by state-led recording expeditions in Turkey from the 1920s to 1950s. However, the diasporic recordings are more multilingual, reflecting the ethnic, religious, and cultural plurality of the Ottoman Empire. Emphasizing their performative and relational nature, I propose that 78-rpm records of the Ottoman diaspora (focusing especially on recordings of Armenian migrants from Harput/Kharpert) reconstruct the local space and function as sites of transcultural memory as defined by multilingualism and the effective use of makam music
Copyright issues: Sound Recordings from German Prisoner of War Camps of World War I and World War II
No full textBerlin has special archives that are of considerable importance not only historically but also politically, especially in present times. The Sound Archive of the Humboldt University of Berlin and the Berlin Phonogramm-Archiv (hereafter BPhA) contain voice recordings from the beginning of the twentieth century as well as sound recordings from prisoner of war camps of the German army in World War I and World War II. These recordings can be described as rather "sensitive" (Timurgalieva et al. 2015:34). They are, thus, archives with the earliest sound recordings in Europe. This can play an important role particularly in view of the discussions about looted art and the restitution of works of art that came to Germany in connection with the colonial period. The unique shared history of the Sound Archive and BPhA in the context of the recording activities of the Phonographic Commission from 1915 to 1918 will create opportunities for cooperation (Humboldt n.d.b). Legal aspects are becoming increasingly important in the context of the possible use of the recordings with a view to further, future university research and teaching as part of the culture of remembrance (Humboldt n.d.c). For these reasons, it is also worth taking a look at the copyright assessment of these recordings
Open Access Publication of the Historical Sound Recordings of the Berlin Phonogramm-Archiv: Arguments from Public International Law and Cultural Ethics
No full textThis paper argues in favor of an open access publication of the holdings of the Berlin Phonogramm-Archiv, which have so far received little attention from lawyers despite their status as World Documentary Heritage. Firstly, it is argued that the public international legal obligations of Germany under the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage which require efforts to preserve intangible cultural heritage and make it accessible, are indirectly relevant for the historical sound recordings. Secondly, making the historical sound recordings accessible through digitization is – in addition to the legal perspective – a cultural-ethical imperative in the restitution debate. Read together, it seems that the open access publication of the historical sound recordings would be a pragmatic way to address both the legal and ethical perspectives
Die Ex-post-Triage im Lichte des Verfassungsrechts
No full textDie Ex-post-Triage wird spätestens seit der COVID-19-Pandemie kontrovers diskutiert und ist nach dem Infektionsschutzgesetz in seiner derzeitigen Fassung ausgeschlossen. In der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts hat die Ex-post-Triage bislang keine Erwähnung gefunden. Der Beitrag befasst sich daher mit der Frage nach der verfassungsrechtlichen Beurteilung der Ex-post-Triage
“Foreigners in their Homeland”: Song Writing, Musical Estrangement, and Subjecthood Formation in Late Ottoman Istanbul
No full textThe voices of multiple agents involved in the process of Ottoman urban popular music making have been largely omitted, if not restricted by traditional music historiography of the Ottoman long nineteenth century, thus downplaying the local dynamics of this very transitional era. Drawing on Ottoman Turkish, Greek, and Greco-Turkish sources, this article analyzes samples of nineteenth-century songs in the popular şarkı form as “sonic assemblages” that are formed by complementary and antagonistic social relations that developed both on the intercommunal level and internally within the various communities. In this analysis the notions of “musical exile” and “musical estrangement” are used to explore the multiplicity and multiaccentuality of the spatialities of the song-writing process and their consequent implications and impact on subjecthood formation
The Berlin Phonogramm-Archiv Collections: Legal framework from Arab Countries Perspective
No full textThe digitization of the collections from the Arab world of the Berlin Phonogramm-Archiv launched a debate regarding the rights connected to its recordings and their right holders. This paper discusses the nature and coverage of these rights, and questions their applicability and validity in the Arab countries concerned in light of existing legal frameworks and "problematic" conditions under which they were obtained. The paper concludes with the necessity of adopting the appropriate regime that preserves the recordings and ensures their accessibility to the public, such as through the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage to which most Arab countries are members
Transitional Justice – Umgang mit Folgen von Krieg und Konflikt: Grenzen und Potenziale des Rechts: Bericht zur Veranstaltung aus der Reihe »Recht interdisziplinär«
No full textDer Veranstaltungsbericht von Dipl.-Jur. Timo Marcel Albrecht und Ass. iur. Nils Imgarten, LL.M. (College of Europe) behandelt die Themen und Diskussionen der Veranstaltung »Transitional Justice – Umgang mit Folgen von Krieg und Konflikt: Grenzen und Potenziale des Rechts« aus der Reihe »Recht interdisziplinär« vom 23.11.2023