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Examining U.S. propaganda on the perception of terrorism in international relations after 9/11 within the context of fear appeals
No full textÖZET Bu tez çalışması, 11 Eylül 2001 saldırılarının ardından ABD'nin uluslararası ilişkilerde terörizm algısını söylem yoluyla nasıl şekillendirdiğini ve bu doğrultuda yürüttüğü propaganda faaliyetlerini korku çekiciliği bağlamında incelemektedir. Çalışmanın odağını, ABD Başkanı George W. Bush'un dünya kamuoyuna hitap ettiği en önemli platform olan Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu'nda gerçekleştirdiği konuşmalar oluşturmaktadır. Birinci ve ikinci bölümlerde propaganda ve terörizm kavramlarının tarihsel gelişimi ve tanımları ele alınmış; üçüncü bölümde ise korku çekiciliği kavramı ile bu kavrama ilişkin başlıca kuramsal modeller —Dürtü Azaltma Modeli, Paralel Yanıt Modeli, Korunma Motivasyonu Teorisi, Genişletilmiş Paralel Süreç Modeli ve Aşama Modeli— incelenmiştir. Ardından, çalışmanın yöntemi olarak benimsenen eleştirel söylem analizi açıklanmış ve Bush'un Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu konuşmaları bu yöntemle çözümlenmiştir. Bush, söz konusu konuşmalarda "Terörle Savaş" doktrinine diğer devletleri dâhil etmeye çalışırken, Afganistan ve Irak'a yönelik askeri müdahalelere uluslararası meşruiyet kazandırmayı hedeflemiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda, Bush'un söyleminde kullanılan korku çekiciliği ögelerinin kısa vadede etkili olduğu; ancak bu söylemin sağlam kuramsal ve etik temellere oturmadığında uzun vadede meşruiyet açısından kırılganlıklar yarattığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Korku Çekiciliği, Propaganda, Eleştirel Söylem Analizi, George W. Bush, Meşruiyet, Terörle Savaş, 11 Eylül, Birleşmiş Milletler, Terörizm, Afganistan ve Irak müdahaleleri, Uluslararası İlişkiler.ABSTRACT This thesis examines how the United S
Spatiotemporal variation of organic contaminants and their ecotoxicological risk in the Uluabat lake basin, Türkiye: A Ramsar living wetland
No full textLakes are more vulnerable to water contamination due to their stagnant and close nature. This study investigated spatiotemporal distributions of organic stressors in the Uluabat Lake Basin (ULB) water. The ULB include Uluabat Lake (UL) and Emet (ES), Orhaneli (OS), and Mustafakemalpas,a streams (MS). A total of 20 locations (17 fluvial and three lacustrine habitats) were defined, and water samples were collected in the wet and dry seasons of 2023-24 and measured for 14 limnological parameters. The DO values decreased approximately by 1.5 times and turbidity ten times, while COD and NH4-N values increased by approximately 1.5 times, SO4 2.5 times, and temperature, NO2-N, and PO4-P 3.5 times in the dry season. The ULB was evaluated for water quality index (WQI), organic pollution index (OPI), eutrophication index (EI), nutrient pollution index (NPI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), Pearson's correlation index (PCI), principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and Geographic Information System (GIS) to show the comprehensive holistic quality characteristics for ecotoxicological, statistical and visual perspectives. Results revealed the contamination of the investigated habitats as follows: OS > UL > MS > ES. The health risk assessment was under the acceptable level (HI < 1) for the studied habitats. The PCA noted two influential factors (agriculture factor and sewage factor), and CA established three groups such as relatively less contaminated zone, relatively moderate contaminated zone and relatively more contaminated zone.Trakya University, Turkiye [2023/196]This research was funded by Trakya University, Turkiye (Project Number: 2023/196)
Investigation of benthic macroinvertable fauna and some environmental variables in Sızır Waterfall (Gemerek-Sivas)
No full textIn this study, the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of Sızır Waterfall, which is located in Sivas Province (Türkiye) and has an important place in recreational activities, and some environmental variables (velocity speed, water temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total hardness of water, Ca, Mg, Cl, salinity, total amount of dissolved matter, PO4, SO4, NO2-N, NO3-N contents) that may be effective in their distribution were investigated. Also, some elements (Li, B, Na, Al, K, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Cd, Sb, Ba, Tl, Pb) and a total of 181 types of pesticides were investigated in the studied area. During the wet and dry seasons of 2022, samplings were made from a total of 3 stations: at the beginning of the waterfall (upstream), inside the waterfall (waterfall) and at the exit of the waterfall (downstream). While individuals belonging to Oligochaeta (Potamothrix sp.), Gastropoda (Physa sp.), Amphipoda (Gammarus pseudosyriacus), Ephemeroptera (Baetis sp.), Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Odonata were determined. Also the physicochemical analysis results were evaluated in terms of water quality. The physicochemical and biological data of the sampling stations were examined statistically, and based on the similarity obtained, the effects of environmental variables on the distribution of macroinvertebrates were evaluated. The relationship between physicochemical data was analyzed using Pearson Correlation Analysis
A case of langerhans cell histiocytosis in the frontal bone: Surgical and clinical perspectives
No full textThis case report details the diagnosis and treatment of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) in the frontal bone of a 14-year-old male. The patient presented with a palpable swelling on the forehead, and subsequent imaging studies revealed significant bony destruction. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of LCH. A surgical resection was successfully performed, resulting in symptom resolution without recurrence at a six-month follow-up. This case points to the importance of considering LCH in differential diagnoses of cranial lesions in children, highlighting the successful role of surgical approaches in managing localized LCH. Multidisciplinary collaboration was crucial for early diagnosis and optimal outcomes in this uncommon pediatric condition
A review of postgraduate theses in the field of classroom teaching in Turkey (2000-2024)
No full textBu çalışma, Türkiye'de 2000–2024 yılları arasında sınıf eğitimi alanında yapılmış lisansüstü tezleri; yıl, yöntem, veri toplama aracı, veri kaynağı, üniversite, enstitü, anabilim/bilim dalı, tez türü, sayfa sayısı ve danışman unvanı açısından incelemektedir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma türlerinden doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmış; YÖK Ulusal Tez Veri Tabanı'ndaki izinli ve tam metin sınıf öğretmenliği yüksek lisans ve doktora tezleri incelenmiştir. Toplam 3450 tezden 2989'u yüksek lisans, 461'i doktora tezidir. Çalışma 2000–2024 yıllarıyla sınırlandırılmıştır. Sınıf öğretmenliği alanındaki tezler incelenerek araştırma eğilimleri değerlendirilmiştir. En çok tez 2024'te, en az tez 2003'te yapılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak en çok ölçek, en az ses kaydı kullanılmış; çalışma gruplarında ise çoğunlukla ilkokul ve ortaokul öğrencileri yer almıştır. En çok araştırma yapan ilk beş üniversite sırasıyla Gazi, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart, Necmettin Erbakan, Marmara ve Çukurova'dır. Bu veriler, sınıf öğretmenliği alanındaki lisansüstü çalışmaların eğitim bilimleri ve uygulamaya katkı sağladığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca 2000–2024 aralığında tezleri inceleyen bir araştırmaya rastlanmamış olup, çalışma bu yönüyle literatüre önemli bir rehber niteliğindedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sınıf öğretmenliği, lisansüstü tez, doküman incelemesiThis study examines postgraduate theses
Health literacy levels and social support of surgery patientsthe relationship between their perceptions and their readiness for discharge
No full textGiriş ve Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı cerrahi hastalarının sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyleri ve sosyal destek algıları ile taburcu olmaya hazır olmaları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu ilişki arayıcı araştırma, Şubat 2025 - Mayıs 2025 tarihleri arasında bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinin cerrahi servisinde yatan 275 hasta ile gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmaya iletişim ve işbirliğine açık, 18 ile 65 yaş aralığında, bilişsel ve mental problemi olmayan, araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü cerrahi hastaları dahil edildi. Verilerin toplanmasında bilgi formu, Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği-32, Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği ve Taburcu Olmaya Hazır Olma Ölçeği kullanıldı. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan cerrahi hastalarının yaş ortalaması 43,09±14,17 yıldır. Hastaların % 61,8'inin daha önce ameliyat öyküsü olduğu tespit edildi. Hastaların sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyleri ortalamanın üzerinde (36,44±8,06), sosyal destek algıları yüksek (62,03±16,69) olduğu belirlendi. Hastaların taburcu olmaya hazır olmadıkları (6,94±2,11) bulundu. Cerrahi hastalarının sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi (r=0,310, p=0,001) ve sosyal destek algıları (r=0,180, p=0,003) ile taburcu olmaya hazır olmaları arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç: Cerrahi hastaların sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyleri ve sosyal destek algıları yükseldikçe taburcu olmaya hazır olma durumlarının da arttığı sonucuna ulaşıldı. Bu sonuca göre tüm cerrahi hastalarına hastaneye yattığı andan itibaren bireyselleştirilmiş taburculuk eğitiminin verilmesini, taburculuk planlaması yapılırken hastaların sağlık okuryazarlık düzeylerinin ve sosyal destek algılarının da değerlendirilmesini önermekteyiz. Anahtar kelimeler: Cerrahi hastaları, hemşire, sağlık okuryazarlığı, sosyal destek algısı, taburcu olmaya hazır olmaBackground and Aim
Evaluation of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Different Dynamic Equilibrium Conditions
No full textObjectives This study aimed to investigate balance system modifications under different conditions using cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (c-VEMP) testing. Specifically, we examined vestibular compensation mechanisms in various dynamic balance positions through evoked potential analysis. Methods The study conducted c-VEMP test repetitions on 45 healthy subjects under different conditions. Participants underwent comprehensive otoscopic examination and hearing and balance assessments, with only those demonstrating normal hearing included in the analysis. c-VEMP testing was performed under three distinct conditions: condition 1 (standing on a flat surface with eyes open), condition 2 (standing on a flat surface with eyes closed), and condition 3 (standing on a FoamPad with eyes open). The analysis evaluated P1-N1 latencies and amplitudes in c-VEMP responses, with subsequent statistical analysis of the collected data. Results Analysis revealed statistically significant differences in P1-N1 amplitudes and latencies in left ears when comparing conditions 1 and 2 (p 0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggest that while the vestibular system is fundamental, visual input plays a more substantial role in balance maintenance compared to proprioceptive input. Level of Evidence 3.Trakya University Unit of Scientific Research Projects (TUBAP) [2023/95]This work was supported by the Trakya University Unit of Scientific Research Projects (TUBAP Nr:2023/95)
Examining the Wording Effect: What Are We Measuring?
No full textIn this study, the extent to wording effects impact structure and factor loadings, internal consistency and measurement invariance was outlined. The modified form, which includes items that semantically reversed, explains %21.5 more variance than the original form. Also, reversed items’ factor loadings are higher. As a result of CFA, indexes obtained from modified form are better. Measurement invariance is not ensured at any step, which is a significant finding. These findings point to two forms measure different structures. Despite the quite high internal consistency coefficients obtained from both forms, the reliabilities in the modified form are statistically significantly higher than the original form. Although there are many opinions in the literature on the use of reversed items, this study shed light on the practical implications and psychometric findings. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Buckwheat: Nutritional Value, Health Effects and Applications in Foods
No full textBuckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum) is recognized as a highly nutritious food source due to its high nutritional value and functional properties. Classified as a pseudocereal, buckwheat provides numerous health benefits owing to its high protein content, rich fiber composition, balanced essential amino acid profile, and abundance of polyphenolic compounds. As a gluten-free grain, it serves as a safe alternative for individuals with celiac disease and gluten intolerance, while its low glycemic index makes it beneficial for diabetes management. The bioactive compounds found in buckwheat, including flavonoids (rutin, quercetin), polyphenols, and fagopyritols, have been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. Regular consumption has been reported to reduce LDL cholesterol levels, increase HDL cholesterol levels, and lower the risk of hypertension. Additionally, buckwheat supports digestive health by regulating gut microbiota, thereby playing a protective role against inflammatory bowel diseases. With its extensive applications in the food industry, buckwheat is utilized in the production of bakery products, pasta, bread, biscuits, functional beverages, and fermented products, contributing to the development of antioxidant-rich beverages. However, due to its gluten-free nature, it can cause textural differences in baked goods, necessitating the use of stabilizers to improve product consistency and quality
Correlation of Radiological and Pathological Tumor Sizes in Breast Cancer Based on Molecular Subtypes and Accompanying DCIS: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
No full textPurpose: This study aims to compare radiological tumor sizes obtained by mammography (MMG), ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with pathological sizes to determine if molecular subtypes and the presence of accompanying ductal carci Methods: A total of 559 cases diagnosed with breast cancer in 11 different centers between 2010-2023 were included in the study. The patients' MMG, US, and MRI images were re-evaluated, and radiological findings and tumor sizes were recorded. Histological diagnosis (invasive/in-situ/mixed), receptor status, Ki-67 index, and tumor size were recorded from the pathology reports. Pathologic tumor size (pT) was accepted as the gold standard. Results: The mean pT was 21.1 +/- 14.9 (2.7-100) mm in Luminal A tumors, 20.6 +/- 12.6 (2-70) mm in Luminal B tumors, 26.3 +/- 14.7 (6-80) mm in HER-2(+) tumors, 26.3 +/- 14.7 (8-125) mm in triple (-) (TN) tumors. The highest agreement in invasive tumors was obtained with MRI (MRI r:0.831, US r:0.769, MMG r:0.650). In DCIS cases, the agreement was strong with MRI (r:0.770) and intermediate with MMG and US (r:0.517 and r:0.593, respectively). In mixed tumors, agreement was strong with MRI (r:0.817), intermediate with US (r:0.656), and low with MMG (r:0.499). Based on molecular subtypes, MRI had a strong correlation (r > 0.7) in both invasive and mixed tumors of all subtypes. US had a strong correlation in all invasive tumors (r > 0.7). The correlation was intermediate in Luminal mixed tumors. Mammography had a strong correlation only in invasive Luminal A tumors (r > 0.7), and an intermediate correlation in the other invasive tumor subtypes. Regarding mixed tumors, its correlation level was intermediate in Luminal B and TN tumors, and low in Luminal A and HER-2(+) tumors. Conclusion: This multicenter study shows that MRI is the most reliable method for determining preoperative tumor size of invasive and in-situ tumors and all molecular subtypes. The correlation levels of all modalities decreased in pure and mixed DCIS cases, however the difference was minimal with MRI