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As shown hesperidin suppresses TGF-?2-induced proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells
No full textThis study investigates the potential therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of hesperidin treatment on cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, key stages of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) were treated with 10 ng/ml transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) alone or in combination with 1.56 mu M hesperidin for 48 h. The impact of treatment on cell migration was evaluated using a wound healing assay. Apoptosis was assessed using DNA staining. mRNA and protein expression were evaluated using real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Hesperidin inhibits the proliferation and transformation of the cells by inducing apoptosis and reverses the cell morphology modified by TGF-beta 2. Hesperidin inhibits cell migration induced by TGF-beta 2. Upon treatment with hesperidin, the levels of mesenchymal markers upregulated by TGF-beta 2, such as MMP-1, -2, -9, fibronectin, alpha-SMA and the transcription factors Snail, Slug and ZEB-1, were downregulated. Conversely, the epithelial marker E-cadherin is upregulated with hesperidin treatment. Additionally, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression levels, which are downregulated, increase with the treatment. These results suggest that hesperidin may inhibit the migration and EMT processes of RPE cells involved in the development of PVR, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for treating PVR.Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Trakya University [2024-16]This study was funded by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Trakya University (Project number: 2024-16)
IRS gene polymorphisms in Turkish patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease
No full textBackgroundFactors that cause changes in insulin signaling in the brain are thought to affect the synaptic plasticity and accelerate the process of brain aging and neurodegeneration. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) molecules are key mediators in insulin signaling. The aim of the current study is to determine whether there is an association between IRS gene polymorphisms, which are critical for insulin signaling, and the late-onset Alzheimer's disease in Turkish patients.Methods and resultsDemographic and clinical characteristics of 115 patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (age of onset >= 65 years) and 107 age-matched control subjects were obtained. DNAs were isolated from patient and control groups, IRS-1 and IRS-2 gene polymorphisms were investigated and genotyped according to the PCR-RFLP method. No statistically significant difference was observed in the genotypes for IRS-1 Gly972Arg (rs1801278) (p = 0.499) and IRS-2 Gly1057Asp (rs1805097) polymorphism between late-onset Alzheimer's disease patients and controls (p = 0.658). However, when the compliance of IRS-2 polymorphism with Hardy- Weinberg distribution was tested, in the case-control comparison, G allele frequency of IRS-2 polymorphisms was significantly higher in the patient population than in the control group in the Turkish population of the Thrace region.ConclusionsDespite the potential role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in the development of Alzheimer's disease, we did not find any association between polymorphism of the IRS-1 and IRS-2 genes and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. However, compared to the healthy subjects, Gly/Gly genotypes and the G allele in the IRS-2 were significantly more frequent in patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease
Environmental sustainability in urologic practices: a systematic review
No full textPurposeThe aim of this systematic review is to assess the environmental impact of urologic procedures and equipment (P), specifically comparing emissions and waste generation between single-use and reusable devices (I and C), while also exploring strategies for emission reduction and providing relevant recommendations for sustainable practices in urology.MethodsThe review registered to PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024576865) and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search was conducted to identify studies addressing sustainability, carbon footprint, and environmental impact in urology. A total of 7714 records were initially identified, of which ten met the inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using the QUADAS scoring system to evaluate risk of bias and applicability concerns.ResultsTen studies met the inclusion criteria, focusing on the environmental impacts of urologic devices and procedures (O). Single-use cystoscopes demonstrated lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per procedure (2.41 kg) compared to their reusable counterparts (4.23 kg) but produced more waste (622 g). Reusable cystoscopes, while having a lower cumulative waste per-use, increased emissions due to energy-intensive reprocessing. For ureteroscopes, single-use devices generated less CO2 but significantly more solid waste. TURBT procedures had a high carbon footprint (131.8 kg CO2 per procedure), largely from single-use items and sterilization. Robotic prostatectomy produced a lower carbon footprint (47,313 g CO2) than laparoscopic methods, emphasizing the potential for energy-efficient techniques to reduce emissions in urology.ConclusionA hybrid approach in urology, focusing on improving sterilization processes and developing eco-friendly single-use alternatives, may provide a balanced approach toward sustainability.Necmettin Erbakan UniversityDuring the preparation of this work the authors used ChatGPT in order to improve readability and language of the work
Mecâlisü’n-Nefâyis’te Ölüm İle İlgili Örtmeceler
No full textŞair tezkireleri, edebiyat tarihi açısından değerli kaynak olmalarının yanında dönemin sosyal ve kültürel hayatı yansıtmaları bakımından da büyük öneme sahiptirler. Ali Şir Nevâyî’nin h. 896 (m. 1490-1491) yılında kaleme aldığı Mecâlis’ün-Nefâyis adlı şairler tezkiresi Türk dili ile yazılmış ilk tezkiredir. Bu özelliğinin yanında başka kaynaklarda yer almayan kırk üç Türk şairi hakkında bilgi vermesi ile de önem arz etmektedir. Halk arasında söylenmesi ayıp görülen, söylenmesinden korkulan, çekinilen nesne veya fiiller farklı kavramlarla belirtilerek örtmeceler dil dünyamıza katılır ve düşüncenin dile getirilmesinde zorluk çekildiğinde bireylere kolaylık sağlar. Çekinilen, söylenince başa geleceğine inanıldığı için korkulan olaylardan biri de ölümdür. İnsanoğlu ölüm yerine daha hafif ve daha az korkutucu olan sözcüklerle bu kavramı ifade etme ihtiyacı hissetmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Nevâyî’nin Mecâlis’ün-Nefâyis’te ele aldığı şairlerin ölümlerini aktarırken kullandığı örtmeceleri ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda tezkire incelenmiş, ölüm ve ölümü belirten örtmeceler tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Nevâyî’nin, şairlerin ölüm bilgilerini verirken farklı ifadeler kullandığı görülmektedir: Bazen sadece fevt boldı/ ri?let ?ıldı gibi basit ve doğrudan ölüm ifade eden sözcükleri kullanmış, bazen de edebî benzetmelerle metaforlara başvurarak sanatlı bir üslupla şairlerin ölümlerini aktarmıştır. Tespit edilen örtmeceler 1. Basit ve doğrudan ölüm ifade eden örtmeceler 2. Sanatlı üslup ile ölümü ifade eden örtmeceler olarak iki grupta incelenmiştir
Innovative technologies for identifying oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review
No full textBackground: Early detection of precancerous oral lesions is crucial for preventing oral cancer. Traditional visual inspections have limitations, prompting the development of advanced technologies to improve detection accuracy. The study focused on evaluating and summarizing recent advancements in optical, molecular, and digital technologies used for the identification of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on studies published in English between 2014 and 2024. The search targeted pioneering research addressing key challenges in OPMD detection. Selection criteria prioritized innovative approaches for identifying potentially malignant oral lesions. Results: The initial search yielded 359 studies, with 10 meeting the inclusion criteria for in-depth analysis. These studies highlight emerging technologies that enhance early detection, including molecular biomarkers for analyzing genetic and protein alterations, liquid biopsy for detecting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and AI-assisted diagnostics. Additionally, fluorescence spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) improve detection accuracy, enabling early interventions and better patient outcomes. Conclusions: The systematic review underscores the growing significance of innovative technologies in the early identification of OPMDs. Advances in optical methods such as fluorescence spectroscopy and OCT, molecular techniques including biomarker analysis and liquid biopsy, and digital innovations like AI-driven diagnostics offer substantial improvements over conventional visual inspection. These technologies not only enhance detection accuracy but also hold promise for earlier diagnosis and improved clinical outcomes. Continued research and validation are essential to translate these emerging tools into routine clinical practice, ensuring timely intervention and effective prevention of oral cancer. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Effects of acid and ultrasound treatments on the properties of dry pea starch and starch-based films
No full textStarch-based films are becoming increasingly important to eliminate the negative effects of plastics on the environment. However, the starches used in the production of starch-based films must also be modified using environmentally friendly green methods. Herein, dry pea starch (DPS) was modified using ultrasound and acid treatments and the effects of this starch modification on the structural, technological, thermal and pasting properties of starch were evaluated and the use of modified starch in starch-based film production was investigated. With increasing treatment times, the content of apparent amylose, the extent of damage to the granule structure, and the solubility increased, whereas the swelling power, thermal stability, and starch clarity decreased. Although the C-type crystalline structure of DPS remained unchanged after the treatments, the relative crystallinity decreased. The Fourier transform infrared spectra of DPS remained unchanged after the treatments. The films based on DPS samples after acid and ultrasound treatments exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher burst strengths (3904.26-4330.72 and 2378.29-4188.32 g, respectively) compared to DPS-based films (2379.11 g). However, the modified starch-based films exhibited lower distances at burst compared to natural starch-based films, indicating the higher fragility of the former. Although the thicknesses of the modified starch-based films were higher, the increments were statistically insignificant. Further, with increasing treatment times, the water vapor permeability of the resultant films increased. These results may encourage the use of ultrasound application on starch-based edible films instead of acid treatments.Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit [29651]; Planning and Monitoring Coordination of Organizational Development; Directorate of Library and Documentation at Ege University; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)This work was financially supported by the Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project No: 29651). The authors are grateful to Dr. Duerdane Mart (Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute) and Dr. Neslihan Bozdo & gbreve;an (Ege University) for their contributions to this work. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Planning and Monitoring Coordination of Organizational Development and the Directorate of Library and Documentation at Ege University for their support in editing and proofreading this study.Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)
EVALUATION OF THE PROGNOSTIC EFFECT OF ADDING DISEASE MODIFYING ANTI-RHEUMATISMAL DRUGS TO GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN THE TREATMENT OF POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA
No full text[Abtsract Not Available
Lucilia sericata Larva Sıvısının Echinococcus granulosus Üzerine Etkileri
No full textObjective: Echinococcus granulosus causes echinococcosis when its larvae settle in various organs, especially the liver and lung, of humans and herbivorous animals such as sheep and cattle. Echinococcosis are endemic in Mediterranean countries including Türkiye, the Middle East and South Africa. Echinococcosis treatments are generally surgical excision or benzimidazoles. Maggot debridement therapy is a wound treatment with Lucilia sericata larvae. While the larvae consume the old-damaged tissues and bacteria in the wound site, the maggots secrete an antimicrobial fluid. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of Lucilia sericata larval secretions on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces in vitro. Methods: Various DNA damage markers were used to analyze the therapeutic potential of the larval secretions. For this purpose, protoscoleces were cultured and treated with different concentrations of larval secretions. Comet test was performed to determine DNA damage. Expression of EgATM, EgRad9 and EgTopo2a genes was analyzed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The viability of the control group was 94% and the viability of the protoscoleces treated with larval secretions was 73%. Comet test showed that larval secretions caused DNA damage in protoscoleces. According to quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction results; 1:1 larval secretions increased ATM and Rad9 gene expression 3.2-fold and Topo2a gene expression 2.2-fold compared to control groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: These data showed that in vitro larval secretion induced DNA damage in Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces and increased the expression of EgATM, EgRad9 and EgTopo2a genes. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
The triad of fibre, sodium and saturated fat as decisive factors of a healthy diet: A cross-sectional study on nutrient profile and nutritional quality of processed foods
No full textThe present study aimed to monitor the amounts of fibre, sodium and saturated fat in Turkey's food supply and determine the number of processed foods with labelling information for these components. Additionally, this study aimed to determine the nutritional quality of the foods based on declared labelling information. This was a cross-sectional study of 2676 products from January-April 2023. Products with partial and complete nutrient declarations were expressed as numbers and percentages. Fibre, sodium, and saturated fat amounts were expressed as median, interquartile range, and range. The nutritional quality of the food products was assessed using a Health Star Rating system. The information about labels for fibre, sodium, and saturated fat was 61.4%, 23.1%, and 97.1%, respectively. The median fibre, sodium, and saturated fat in all food products were 1.60 g, 76 mg, and 2.30 g/100 g, respectively. The food categories with the least fibre content were "milk and dairy products" and "non-alcoholic beverages." Conversely, the highest sodium and saturated fat content categories were "sauces and broths" and "snack foods," respectively. Based on the declared composition of food products, the median Health Star Rating score was 2.0, with 70.9% considered less healthy. Although Turkey has made progress in line with global developments, more effort is needed to improve the composition of certain processed foods
Determination of Oxidative Stress Indexes of Follow-Up Formulas (> 12 Months) and Certain Flavored Milks
No full textBackground: Milk is known to contain some natural antioxidants, but limited literature is available on the antioxidant/oxidant content of flavored milks, which are commonly consumed in children > 12 months of age. Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress indices of children's follow-up formulas (> 12 months) and flavored milks. Materials and Methods: Milk samples (plain milk [n = 3], cocoa milk [n = 9], chocolate milk [n = 4], strawberry milk [n = 12], banana milk [n = 13], honey milk [n = 2], and children's follow-up formula [> 12 months] [n = 8]) between January and March 2021 were included in the study. TAS and TOS levels were measured using commercially available kits (Relassay, Turkey) and Mindray BS300 Auto Biochemistry AnalyzerTM (China). All analyses were carried out in duplicate. The OSI value (arbitrary unit) was calculated. Results: In this study, TOS values (mu mol/L) of milk samples showed a significant difference between all groups (p 12 months). Positive correlations were found between TAS and fat content (r = 0.679; p = 0.044) and saturated fat content (r = 0722; 0.028) of cocoa milk. There was no significant correlation between OSI and any macronutrient and energy in milk groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Cocoa and chocolate milks have the highest antioxidant and oxidant capacity and the lowest oxidative stress index. However, plain milk had the lowest oxidant capacity. Furthermore, the linear relationship between the energy content of the follow-up formula and oxidant capacity indicates the importance of adequate-balanced and functional consumption of these milks