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A new genus and two new species of Wiesneriomycetaceae (Tubeufiales) from China revealed by molecular phylogeny and taxonomy
No full textWhile investigating culturable mycobiota in epiphytic soils found in urban tree holes from Guizhou Province, China, a new genus along with two new species of the family Wiesneriomycetaceae were discovered based on a combination of morphological characteristics, molecular evidence, and physiological features. Phylogenetic analyses of SSU, ITS, LSU, and tef1 sequences indicate that our new collections form a distinct clade; thus, Chlamydosporoides gen. nov. is proposed. This genus is distinguished from other genera in Wiesneriomycetaceae by the absence of acropetal conidial chains, setae, synnemata, sporodochia, or stromata. We describe and illustrate the new genus Chlamydosporoides and the new species (C. guizhouensis sp. nov. and C. sinensis sp. nov.) herein, and we discuss their phenotypic and genotypic differences from allied genera
Anti Money Laundering in Bitcoin Network Using Chaotic Time Series and Graph Convolution Network
No full textMoney laundering seriously threatens economic stability by legitimizing illegal gains. Despite the transparency and security advantages offered by the blockchain technology, anonymity can create a platform for concealing illegal activities. Therefore, detecting and preventing money laundering activities in blockchain networks are of great importance. This study classifies money transfers during Bitcoin transactions as licit or illicit. By working on the Elliptic dataset to detect money laundering activities in the Bitcoin network, we examined money laundering traffic data using a graph data structure. This study presents a novel method for analyzing complex networks in money laundering as a chaotic time series. First, we increase the number of features of the graph nodes and convert them into a time series. By transferring the obtained time series to the phase space, we calculated the Lyapunov Exponents and aimed to capture the changes and uncertainties in the dynamic structure of the system more accurately using different embedding dimensions. We reconstructed the graph structure representing the transactions based on the feature vectors of these exponents, and classified the transactions using the Graph Convolutional Network method. In our study, we achieved a precision of 92.5%, recall of 92.1%, F1-score of 92.3%, and accuracy of 86.2%. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of our model in detecting money laundering. This study offers a novel approach for classifying chaotic structures in anti money laundering
A Feature Evolution Aware Classification Framework for Streaming Data using Dynamic Autoencoder and Ensembled Learning.
No full textRecent advancements in data mining and knowledge discovery have created numerous research opportunities in streaming data analysis. One critical challenge is developing machine learning models that can efficiently handle changes in features and dynamic concepts, including concept drift, feature drift, and feature evolution. State-of-the-art techniques proposed to address these anomalies in data streams often assume that a constant set of features is available for processing. However, in real-time scenarios, the situation is quite different, as the set of features in a stream may vary over time due to factors such as the disappearance of existing features or the emergence of new ones. The proposed work focuses on handling dynamically evolving features by introducing a novel solution that leverages a Dynamic Autoencoder DAE and ensemble learning. Additionally, adaptive windowing and concept-preserving mechanisms improve the proposed architecture by retaining the concept information from previous data windows. The ensemble technique used in the proposed classification framework demonstrates promising performance in diverse datasets, achieving accuracies of 86%, 94%, and 95% in the Weather, Electricity and Forest Cover Type datasets, respectively. This innovative integration of deep learning and traditional methods effectively addresses various challenges in streaming data analysis
Testudinid turtle remains from the Late Miocene palaeo-island of Gargano, Italy, and an overview of Mediterranean insular tortoises
No full textThe Late Miocene Gargano “Terre Rosse” in southern Italy has yielded a diverse vertebrate fauna that comprises an array of endemic taxa, including forms characterized by extreme sizes and unique morphologies. We here document new testudinid fossil remains from this insular assemblage. The material comprises a mandible, abundant (though mostly fragmentary) shell remains, appendicular elements, and a few vertebrae, originating from different localities within the Gargano assemblage. Based on its femur morphology, we tentatively refer the Gargano form to Solitudo, a late Neogene and Quaternary insular genus, otherwise known from a few Mediterranean islands. Unfortunately, the incomplete preservation of the trochanters hinders observation of the main diagnostic character of Solitudo, however, the similarities in the femoral head and diaphysis allow an open identification of the Gargano material as cf. Solitudo sp. Still, the Gargano tortoise offers new anatomical information on the Mediterranean insular tortoises. An interesting feature of the few preserved plastral elements is the presence of sulci as distinct raised ridges, a character that has been reported in other insular extant and extinct tortoises as well. The preserved hyoplastron has a medially straight and laterally concave humeropectoral sulcus and a wide axillary scute, pointing to some resemblance to geochelonans. Moreover, the morphology of the mandible from Gargano, which has its lingual serration reaching towards the symphyseal area, is also indicative of geochelonan affinities. If our identification is correct, the Gargano form would correspond to the earliest occurrence of Solitudo, denoting that this insular testudinid already radiated during the Late Miocene. A thorough overview of the diversity and taxonomy of insular testudinids from the Mediterranean islands is provided
Multi-locus environmental DNA markers and taxon-specific primers enhanced detection rate of invasive tilapia
No full textTilapia are native to Africa. Due to introductions for aquaculture and the ornamental fish trade, several species of tilapia have now spread across five continents, making them some of the most ecologically harmful invasive species. During the early stages of their escape, tilapia are often difficult to detect using traditional fish survey methods. Using environmental DNA (eDNA) methods to monitor tilapia invasion is a promising supplementary approach, but currently no eDNA markers or suitable primers have been developed specifically for tilapia. In this study, we designed four pairs of tilapia-specific primers for use in multiplex PCR coupled with high-throughput sequencing, enabling the simultaneous detection of multiple tilapia species in a single reaction. We found that the taxon-specific primers (Tila-1–4) exhibited higher detection sensitivity compared to the universal primer (tele02), reaching 5.33 × 10-7 ng/µL. Furthermore, multi-locus amplification reached a 95% limit of detection (LOD) at 2.66 × 10−6 ng/µL, which was significantly better than 2.3 × 10-3 ng/µL for single-locus amplification. Finally, we collected water samples from nine rivers across four drainages in China to test the method that we developed. The results indicated that tilapia have invaded river systems such as the Yangtze River and the Pearl River. Specifically, Oreochromis niloticus and Coptodon zillii were the dominant invasive species detected, with some locations also showing the presence of O. aureus and Sarotherodon galilaeus. This method provides an effective tool for early monitoring of tilapia invasion, which may inspire the development of similar strategies for monitoring other invasive species
First records of Hilsa kelee (Cuvier, 1829), Kelee Shad (Clupeiformes, Dorosomatidae), from the main island of Taiwan, South China Sea
No full textHilsa kelee (Cuvier, 1829) is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, but so far it has been recorded only from insular areas (Matsu, Kinmen, and Penghu Islands) in Taiwanese waters. Here we report on 18 specimens collected from off Ke-tzu-liao, Kaohsiung City, southwestern main island of Taiwan. Morphometric and meristic data and an anatomical description of those specimens are presented, together with remarks on the distribution of the species and its occurrence in Taiwanese and adjacent waters
Decarbonizing Russia: Lessons from global carbon pricing practices
No full textClimate change mitigation increasingly relies on carbon pricing as a core policy tool. This study investigates the applicability of such mechanisms within the Russian context, given the country’s heavy fossil fuel dependence and evolving energy landscape. A mixed-method approach is used, combining case studies (EU ETS, Nordic carbon taxes, Sakhalin pilot) with scenario modeling based on macroeconomic data. The findings suggest that although carbon pricing can drive renewable adoption and emissions reduction, Russia’s centralized governance, regional inequality, and export dependence pose challenges. Key recommendations include phased implementation of carbon taxes and emissions trading, equitable revenue allocation, and integration with existing tax systems. With current limitations including reliance on secondary data and uncertainty in political feasibility, future research should explore public acceptance and institutional readiness. Overall, carbon pricing offers Russia a structured pathway to decarbonization, aligning with global climate goals if carefully adapted to local conditions
A redescription of Glyptochelone suyckerbuykii (Ubaghs, 1879), an enigmatic fossil sea turtle (Chelonioidea) from the Maastrichtian of the Netherlands and Belgium, sheds new light on fossil sea turtle shell variation and neural bone homology
No full textWe here provide a redescription the Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) fossil marine turtle Glyptochelone suyckerbuykii to document its anatomy and intraspecific variation. This redescription highlights the complete absence of a nuchal pedestal, presence of a radiating shell surface texture pattern easily differentiated from that of coeval marine turtles, and the presence of interneural elements, a characteristic unique among Late Cretaceous turtles. A phylogenetic analysis suggests that Glyptochelone suyckerbuykii is located at the base of Dermochelyidae, a dubious result likely resulting from missing data. To allow constructing phylogenetic characters based on the presence of supernumerary neural elements, we suggest a revised classification for the midline column of the carapace of turtles based on novel homology criteria as consisting of neurals, which are outgrowths of the neural arches, as opposed to preneurals, interneurals, and postneurals, which are independent bones that form in front, within, and posterior to the neural column, respectively. We suggest use of this novel classification in future phylogenetic analysis
A genome survey of Tetrix japonica (Insecta, Orthoptera) reveals a comparatively small Tetrigidae genome
No full textThe pygmy grasshopper, Tetrix japonica, is a common insect widely distributed in eastern Asia. To further investigate its genome characteristics, high-throughput sequencing was used to obtain genome survey data based on Illumina platforms. Analysis of the results showed that the genome size of T. japonica was 1.51 Gb based on K-mer analysis (K-mer = 23), while the size inferred by the flow cytometry (FCM) was 1.94 Gb. The percentage of repetitive sequence was 51.7%, with LINE being the most abundant element (15.46%) and SINE the least abundant element (0.19%). The genome size of T. japonica was relatively smaller compared to other orthopteran species, suggesting a fewer repetitive sequences. These genome survey data can be useful for genetic analysis and phylogenetic evolution of T. japonica and have potential utility in genomic and biological studies of orthopteran species
Diversity of spiders in Daba Mountain National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China (II): Two new species of Hahniidae (Arachnida, Araneae)
No full textTwo new species of Hahniidae, Hahnia dabashan Cai, Wang & Zhang, sp. nov. (♂) and Sinahahnia chengkou Cai, Wang & Zhang, sp. nov. (♂♀), are described and illustrated with photographs and drawings, based on material from Daba Mountain National Nature Reserve in Chongqing, southwestern China