ARPHA Preprints
Not a member yet
49208 research outputs found
Sort by
Two new species of Columnea (Gesneriaceae) from the Colombian Andes
No full textTwo new species of Columnea are described based on recent field expeditions and herbarium research. These species are unusual within Columnea for exhibiting a dorsiventral epiphytic habit typical of many northern Andean species, but they lack conspicuous floral bracts. Columnea combeimae Lozano-Cif., J.E.Ríos & J.L.Clark, sp. nov. is distinguished by uniformly green leaves, prominent extrafloral nectary glands on the pedicels, and a hirsute indumentum of purple trichomes. Columnea rubropilosa J.L.Clark & Clavijo, sp. nov. is characterized by a conic purple berry and a densely pilose indumentum of red trichomes on both vegetative and reproductive structures. Both species are endemic to the Colombian Andes
Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal four new species in Hymenochaetales and one new species in Cantharellales from Southwestern China
No full textWood-decaying fungi represent a vital group of higher fungi that drive the cycling of matter and energy in forest ecosystems, and they have been the focus of thorough investigation. In this study, five new species, viz. Botryobasidium daweishanense, Inonotus subglobisporum, Kneiffiella bubalina, Xylodon granulanoides, and X. granulans from China, are described and illustrated based on the morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses, in which the sequences of ITS+nLSU genes were used for the phylogenetic analyses by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogeny revealed that the Botryobasidium daweishanense groups with three taxa, viz., B. intertextum, B. leptocystidiatum, and B. subcoronatum. Inonotus subglobisporum is closely related to I. radiatus. Kneiffiella bubalina clustered sister to K. subalutacea. Xylodon granulanoides and X. granulans have a close relationship with X. bambusinus, X. fissuratus, X. subclavatus, X. montanus, and X. wenshanensis. Additionally, Xylodon granulanoides and X. granulans clustered together. Botryobasidium daweishanense is characterized by an araneose hymenial surface, fusiform, and cyanophilous basidiospores (6.1–7.3 × 3.3–3.9 μm). Inonotus subglobisporum is characterized by perennial basidiomata with lateral stipes, polygon pores measuring 4–6 per mm, and subglobose, cyanophilous basidiospores (3.6–4.3 × 2.8–3.5 μm). Kneiffiella bubalina is characterized by cream basidiomata and cylindrical to slightly allantoid basidiospores (8.0–8.9 × 1.8–2.3 μm). Xylodon granulanoides is characterized by grandinioid hymenial surfaces, various cystidia, and broadly ellipsoid, thick-walled basidiospores (4.7–5.3 × 3.6–4.1 μm). Xylodon granulans is characterized by grandinioid hymenial surfaces, capitate and clavate cystidia, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (3.8–4.2 × 2.9–3.3 μm). Phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear large subunit RNA (nLSU) shows that the four species are members of Hymenochaetales, and one belongs to Cantharellales. All five new species are compared with morphologically and phylogenetically closely related species. The present study contributes to understanding the species diversity, taxonomy, and phylogeny of macrofungi in Southwestern China
Morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses reveal three new branched species of Clavaria (Clavariaceae, Agaricales) from China
No full textBased on morphological and molecular evidence, 12 specimens have been identified as belonging to three previously unrecognized species of Clavaria, which are here described as C. divergens, C. orientalis, and C. tongdaoensis. Clavaria divergens is characterized by its branched, white basidiomata. Clavaria orientalis and C. tongdaoensis are very similar to C. zollingeri in the field. However, C. orientalis is distinguished by its more robust branches, while C. tongdaoensis differs by its varied or paler color of basidiomata. A concatenated sequence dataset (ITS-nrLSU-RPB2) was used for multi-locus phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic tree of Clavaria showed that the three branched species each formed a distinct lineage with strong support. A key to the known branched species of Clavaria in China is provided
First checklist of the herpetofauna (Amphibia, Reptilia) of the Kapas and Gemia Islands, Peninsular Malaysia, South China Sea
No full textOff the coast of Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, lie the Kapas and Gemia Islands. The biota, and particularly the herpetofauna, of these small, famous islands is poorly known. Opportunistic surveys were conducted on these islands during the dry and pre‑monsoon periods using visual encounter surveys (VES) as the method to record the herpetofauna. The surveys recorded five species of amphibians from four genera and three families, and 16 species of reptiles from 15 genera and 10 families. This report represents the first checklist of the herpetofauna of the Kapas and Gemia Islands, Terengganu, and it shows the unrealized biodiversity of small offshore islands in the archipelagos of the South China Sea. More extensive surveys should be conducted in the future to get a more complete understanding of the herpetofauna inhabiting these small islands, which face anthropogenic disturbances
The estimation of live fish size from archaeological cranial bones of the New Zealand Greenbone Odax pullus
No full textA species of fish, Odax pullus, predominantly vegetarian, common in weedy marine zones in New Zealand, is the subject of this paper. The species is primarily caught by setting gill nets today, and seldom takes a baited hook. It has variable abundance in archaeological sites, more commonly in higher latitudes. It is very rich in iodine, and is useful in preventing goitre, since the element is low in New Zealand soils. It has very low levels of unsaturated fatty acids and low levels of omega 3 lipids. Modern specimens were collected and cranial bones extracted and measured to establish equations to back-calculate fork length (FL) and ungutted weight (BWT). Power curves were fitted, and constants provided to enable live characteristics to be estimated from archaeological bones. Bones from nine archaeological sites were studied and FL and BWT estimated. Length-frequency distributions were mostly non-normal, suggesting more than one method of capture, possibly set nets or hoop nets with different mesh size. The modern practice of only eating the fillet harvests only 34% of nutrients, with a MNR of 89:10:1. Ethnohistorical observations suggest more than the fillet was formerly eaten, especially fat-rich components. We estimate a MNR of 78:21:1 was more likely if some of the head, viscera and skin was eaten. In southern latitudes, where carbohydrate-rich foods were in shorter supply, harvesting these fat-rich parts was a sensible survival strategy. The archaeological catches show 20–45% were fecund individuals, below modern legal size. This is consistent with other marine species from archaeological sites
Rediscovery after two decades and geographic range extension of the rare mayfly species, Behningia baei McCafferty & Jacobus, 2006 (Ephemeroptera, Behningiidae) from Thailand
No full textBehningia baei McCafferty & Jacobus, 2006 was originally described from Phitsanulok Province, Thailand, based on nymphs collected in 2002, but no other information has since been added. Two decades later, in 2024, nymphs of B. baei were rediscovered in the Mae Chaem River, Chiang Mai Province. This discovery represents a northern geographic range extension of this species. We provide a photograph of the B. baei nymph and a distribution map for this species
Red-light Running Detection
No full textRed-light Running increases the risk of collisions and traffic accidents. When a car runs a red light, it can cause a collision with other vehicles moving along the main road, causing serious accidents and even leading to casualties. In Vietnam, many traffic accidents are caused by red-light running. This research paper presents a novel approach for detecting red-light running violations for Vietnamese intersections by leveraging object detection techniques and the YOLO (You Only Look Once) algorithm, a deep neural learning model that uses convolutional neural network architecture (CNNs) for object detection in real-time. The proposed system utilizes CCTV video footage to capture video frames, which are then processed through a trained YOLOv8 model to identify red-light violators. The system’s performance is evaluated based on detection accuracy and processing speed and validated against a custom build dataset extracted from CCTV footages of Vietnamese streets. The experimental results demonstrate high accuracy and processing efficiency up to 93.4% mAP50, 89.2% precision and 92.6% recall, indicating that the proposed approach is suitable for deployment in the context of Vietnamese traffic conditions. The proposed system has significant potential to enhance road safety and mitigate the incidence of red-light running violations in Vietnam
A new species of Sedum (Crassulaceae) from eastern China based on morphological and molecular evidence
No full textSedum orientalichinense, a new species of Crassulaceae from eastern China, is described and illustrated here. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nrDNA suggests that the new species belongs to S. sect. Sedum sensu Fu and Ohba (2001) in the “Flora of China”, and is sister to S. makinoi with high support values (BS = 100, PP = 1). The new species was previously always misidentified as S. makinoi, S. emarginatum or S. baileyi, due to its opposite leaves. Sedum emarginatum can be easily distinguished by its leaf blades with the apex emarginate in which it differs from the other three species. Sedum orientalichinense usually has 2-branched cymes, unlike S. makinoi which is 2- to 4-branched. The new species further differs from S. makinoi in its obovate to obovate-rhombic leaf blades (vs. obovate to obovate-spatulate in the latter) and has shorter stems (6–18 cm vs. 11–28 cm) with less internodes. It can also be easily distinguished from S. baileyi by its slender to sub-woody suberect stems (vs. slender and erect stems) and larger plant height (6–18 cm vs. 3–7 cm)
A model of the nitride pellet – cladding axial interaction in a fast reactor due to jamming
No full textIn the process of a post-irradiation examination of nitride pins irradiated as part of experimental BN-600 reactor fuel assemblies, a noticeable elongation and a higher ovality of nitride pins cladding were observed as compared with oxidefuel pins. The analysis results suggest that this takes place due to a local mechanical effect fuel pellets have on the cladding. The potential cause for the fuel-cladding thermomechanical interaction is the fuel pellet misalignment, the pellet jamming and cracking as a result of thermal stresses under reactor power rise, and subsequent jamming of large fuel fragments in the cladding. The paper presents the fuel jamming model which assumes the fuel-cladding interaction via an axial force in each calculated radial layer. The axial force is determined from the condition of equilibrium in the radial cladding and fuel cross-section and ensures that the jamming condition (the same growth in axial deformation) is complied with. Jamming is assumed along the entire core height in the presented model version. The presented results of the jamming model verification, based on post-irradiation examination results of the BN-600 EFA-11 (experimental fuel assembly), show that the model allows simulating the fuel pin cladding elongation. The EFA-11 fuel assembly with fuel pins of the BREST-OD-300 reactor type with the cladding made on EP823-Sh ferritic-martensitic steel and nitride uranium-plutonium fuel was irradiated in the BN-600 reactor to the maximum burnup of 9 at.% and the maximum damage dose of 107.6 dpa
The role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in the successful outcome after mitral replacement for infective endocarditis on the background of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: a case report
No full textHypertrophic cardiomyopathy is most commonly an autosomal genetic disorder characterized by increased morbidity. Infective endocarditis, although rare, can complicate the course of the disease. The mitral and aortic valves are more commonly affected. Mitral valve vegetations may cause severe regurgitation and acute heart failure. In the event that the anterior valve leaflet is affected, this may result in severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO), requiring immediate intervention and resulting in a significant increase in mortality. We report a rare clinical case of a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy complicated by mitral valve infective endocarditis and LVOTO