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Phobia, fear, and anxiety of dental treatment in pediatric patients: Etiology and clinical implications
No full textDental fear and phobia in childhood represent a significant challenge in pediatric dentistry, with potential long-term negative consequences for both oral health and emotional well-being. Despite considerable advancements in understanding the psychological and behavioral aspects of dental fear, there remains a lack of long-term studies examining the effectiveness of management strategies and the impact of cultural differences on children’s perceptions of dental treatment. Early identification of the severity of dental fear, which can hinder children from seeking timely dental care, is crucial in clinical practice. Recognizing and assessing signs of dental anxiety allows for the adaptation of behavioral interventions and the implementation of tailored management approaches. Parental influence, particularly maternal anxiety and parenting styles, along with biological predispositions and sociocultural factors such as media portrayals, play a significant role in the development of dental fear. Future research should focus on individualized treatment approaches and further exploration of family dynamics affecting dentophobia in children. Developing effective preventive interventions and strategies to reduce dental fear can improve not only children’s oral health outcomes but also their overall emotional and social stability.
A taxonomic review of the genus Eversmannia Staudinger, 1871 (Lepidoptera, Uraniidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species and three new combinations
No full textSeven species of the genus Eversmannia Staudinger, 1871 are recognized from China. Among them, three species are described as new species: E. atromarginata sp. nov., E. spiralis sp. nov., and E. zhangorum sp. nov. New combinations are proposed for three species: E. bicaudata (Moore, [1868]) comb. nov., E. himala (Butler, 1880), comb. nov., and E. fuscifrons (Warren, 1896), comb. nov. Eversmannia bicaudata and E. fuscifrons are reported for the first time from China. Adults and genitalia are illustrated, and a key for identifying Chinese Eversmannia species is provided
Extinction risk alert: evaluating conservation trends for the Golden-dimpled Ground Beetle (Carabus clatratus auraniensis J. Müller, 1903) in Western Balkans
No full textDue to extensive habitat loss and specialised ecological niche, the Golden-dimpled Ground Beetle (Carabus clatratus) became a locally extinct species with fragmented distribution throughout Europe. The subspecies C. clatratus auraniensis J. Müller, 1903 was described from the Vrana Lake in the Mediterranean biogeographical region of Croatia. This study aims to: assess conservation status of C. clatratus auraniensis in the Western Balkans through a chronogeonemy analysis; evaluate habitat suitability at the type locality by analyzing historical land use changes; and determine the effectiveness of protected area networks in ensuring the long-term survival of the species in core area of its distribution in Western Balkans. The chronogeonemy analysis reveals the extinction of C. clatratus auraniensis in the Mediterranean biogeographical region, including in its type locality. This is most likely caused by land use changes such as ongoing habitat degradation and wetland drainage, primarily driven by urbanisation and agriculture. However, the gap analysis indicated a good coverage by protected areas, contradicting previous results. The protected areas were established after the subspecies extinction and therefore have no impact on its conservation success. This indicates that gap analysis must be combined with other methods, e.g. chronogeonemy analysis, in order to detect real-time conservation trends. The conservation status of C. clatratus auraniensis in the Continental biogeographical region is stable, with continuous occurrence since the late 19th century and an increase in records in the last three decades, even with long dispersal records (e.g. Mura River in NE Slovenia). Records increase are linked to large well-preserved semi-natural wetlands along the Sava, Drava and Danube rivers, reflecting the subspecies’ good prospects. Reintroduction into protected areas in the Mediterranean region of Croatia could be a viable strategy to support the survival of this subspecies, enhancing the conservation prospects for rare C. clatratus in Europe
Εffects of vitamin C, silicone gel, and their combination on small- and medium-sized dermatological trauma healing: a prospective study
No full textBackground : The process of healing a dermatologic surgical wound is highly complex. Any disruption at any stage may lead to delayed closure, prolonged hospitalization, increased expenses, and adverse effects on patients’ daily routines. Aim : The primary objective of this clinical study was to assess the efficacy of postoperative interventions involving oral vitamin C or topical silicone gel, either independently or in combination, in the context of healing from dermatologic surgery trauma. Furthermore, the study sought to investigate the potential impact of inflammatory markers, such as IL-6 and CRP, as well as lifestyle interventions, specifically physical activity and smoking, on the healing process. Methodology : A prospective study was conducted from August 2017 to December 2021 at the Outpatient Dermatological Clinic in Tzaneio General Hospital in Greece to evaluate the effect of vitamin C, silicone gel, or the combination of both on small and medium-sized dermatological trauma healing. A total of 112 patients were included in the study; 29 patients had a natural postoperative healing, while 83 received oral vitamin C or topical silicone gel, or the combination of both. Scar Assessment Score and the Vancouver Scar Scale were used to evaluate the healing. Results : Patients treated with the combination of oral vitamin C and topical silicone gel experienced accelerated wound healing compared to the other treatment groups. Conclusion : Based on the research findings, it is concluded that the use of combined therapy involving oral administration of vitamin C and topical application of silicone gel accelerates the postoperative healing process in cases of dermatologic surgery trauma
Neck and décolleté: personal algorithm for the treatment in their aesthetic problems
No full textAging is the result of tissue energy alteration, therefore when an external energy source is applied, such as radiofrequency (RF), high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and/or their combination, it results in their renewal and improvement of skin aging. Nowadays, even for the most difficult parts such as the neck and décolleté, these modern non-invasive aesthetic technologies are applied with results from one treatment. The combination protocols will offer maximum results, if they are used under the right conditions
P–T-t conditions of successive deformation stages during exhumation of orogenically thickened crust; a case study from the Aar Massif, Central Alps, Switzerland
No full textObtaining precise pressure–temperature-time constraints on the history of exhumation of orogenically thickened crust using rock-forming minerals of greenschist-facies rocks can be a challenging task. Rare examples exist where structurally distinct hydrothermal mineralisations have been used to pin-point specific stages during this evolution. This study combines hydrothermal fissure-quartz fluid and solid inclusion data with Ti-in-quartz thermometry, solute thermometry, and fissure monazite-(Ce) Th-Pb ion probe dating in order to establish a link between hydrothermal mineral crystallisation and major faulting events in the Grimsel Pass study area, central Aar Massif, Switzerland. Six fluid inclusion populations in quartz are distinguished in the older, steeply NNW-dipping fissure at the well-known Zinggenstock locality, four can be identified in quartz in younger, vertical fissures. All data together constrain formation and subsequent stepwise growth and evolution of the fissures to a P–T-t range of 450 °C/440 MPa and 300 °C/240 MPa between c. 15 and 7 Ma. In quartz zones containing rutile-whiskers in fluid inclusions, Ti-in-Qtz thermometry yields temperatures comparable to fluid inclusion solute thermometry. The combined data indicate that the oldest cleft quartz generation formed c.15 Ma ago during reverse faulting at 450 °C/440 MPa. A major change in the direction of the regional stress field linked with onset of dextral strike-slip movements along the Rhone-Simplon-Centovalli fault system then led to predominant dextral strike-slip faulting starting at c. 12–11 Ma, at P–T conditions between 375 °C/320 MPa and 330 °C/230 MPa. At Zinggenstock, the original cleft becomes overprinted by sinistral shear zones, and fluid advection at 330 °C/230 MPa. This CO2-bearing fluid led at the Zinggenstock location to the formation of white mica (muscovite-ferriphengite) at the expense of chlorite. At Oberaar, renewed dextral strike-slip reactivation occurred between c. 10 and at 7 Ma at conditions of 330 °C/230 MPa to 300 °C/240 MPa. Our data document variable stress regimes, locally associated with focused fluid flow, across an approximate depth interval of 16.3–8.5 km (~ 440 to 230 °C) during unroofing of the orogenically thickened crust. Hydrothermal mineral formation ages precisely constrain the chronology of successive deformation events, thus offering valuable constraints for unravelling the mechanisms of tectonically and buoyancy-driven exhumation of peripheral domains of the NW European Alps. Together, these data permit to estimate exhumation and cooling rates independent of thermochronology
Trionychian turtles from the Early Miocene (Burdigalian) Moghra Formation, Egypt, including a new species of Carettochelyidae
No full textAlthough trionychians have a rich fossil record, much of their fossil diversity is known from the Cretaceous and Paleogene, and little is known about their evolutionary history in the Neogene. We here describe cranial and shell material of trionychians from the Early Miocene Moghra Formation of Egypt that we attribute to a new carettochelyid taxon, Allaeochelys meylani sp. nov., and to the Trionyx lineage. Allaeochelys meylani sp. nov. fills a temporal gap between previously described taxa and exhibits a series of unique features, including greatly thickened cranial bones, a broad bony wall posterior to the orbit, a large fossa formed by the maxilla and premaxilla at the anterior third of the triturating surface, and a medial process on peripheral II. Allaeochelys meylani sp. nov. also documents the oldest occurrence of Carettochelyidae on the Afro-Arabian continent, while the Trionyx material reported herein provides unambiguous evidence for the presence of this lineage on the Afro-Arabian continent no later than the Early Miocene
An exceptional window into the Triassic-Jurassic boundary on the margins of the Ardenno-Rhenish Massif: stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Irrel section (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)
No full textThe Triassic-Jurassic (T/J) boundary witnessed one of the five major mass extinctions during the Phanerozoic, paving the way towards the evolution of modern ecosystems. However, the study of biotic change during this interval is hampered by the scarcity of outcrops exposing the T/J-boundary without major interruptions or abrupt facies change. Here, we present a previously undocumented succession of Rhaetian (Upper Triassic) to Hettangian (Lower Jurassic) strata, exposed on two sections along the banks of the river Prüm near the town of Irrel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The new succession holds an unusual palaeogeographic position squeezed between the Rhenish and London Brabant (including the Ardennes) massifs, thus filling a gap in the T/J-boundary record of the Central European Basin. It includes some unusual facies such as a thick and highly fossiliferous, conglomeratic bonebed close to the top of the middle Rhaetian and bituminous black claystones in the middle Hettangian. Finally, it stands out in yielding well preserved fossils of taxa that are rare or undocumented in the region. We provide a comprehensive account of the lithostratigraphy of the new succession and assess its biostratigraphic framework using ammonite, ostracod and palynomorph occurrences