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Revision of the Western Palaearctic species of Orthocentrus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Orthocentrinae): species with ivory/yellow marks on the vertex
No full textIn the first of a series of papers revising the poorly-studied Darwin wasp genus Orthocentrus Gravenhorst, 1829, in the Western Palaearctic, here we revise species with yellow or ivory marks on the vertex. Several new country records are provided: O. bilineator Aubert, 1959 and O. castellanus Ceballos, 1963 from Italy; O. hirsutor Aubert, 1969 from Italy, Sweden and Ukraine; and O. orbitator Aubert, 1963 from Israel, Italy, Turkey, and Ukraine. One species, O. mirabilis Varga & Di Giovanni, sp. nov., is described as new from Belgium, Italy, Poland, Sweden, and Ukraine. An identification key, diagnoses and illustrations to all the studied species are provided
Two new species of the genus Acherontiella (Collembola, Hypogastruridae) from caves of the Alborz and Kopet Dagh mountains in Iran
No full textTwo new subterranean species of the genus Acherontiella Absolon, 1913 from Iran are described, illustrated, and morphologically differentiated from similar species. Acherontiella nezamdoosti sp. nov. has larger distribution range covering caves of North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, and Tehran provinces, while A. palaciosi sp. nov. is probably restricted to Moghan Cave in Razavi Khorasan province. Both new species are characterized by absence of eyes, PAO, empodium, furca, and retinaculum. Acherontiella nezamdoosti sp. nov. is distinguished from other species by having two small anal spines, Th II–III with setae m1, m4, and m5, and four thickened anterior setae on the labrum. Acherontiella palaciosi sp. nov. is characterized by bearing two medial setae in the anterior row of the labrum thickened into spines and apically dentate, and by the absence of setae m3 on Th I and p3 on Th II–III. An updated key and a table summarizing diagnostic characters of world species of the genus Acherontiella are provided
Estimating relative density of an invasive ungulate in a biodiversity hotspot using drone-based thermal video surveys
No full textNew Caledonia’s unique terrestrial habitats – primarily mountain rainforest and sclerophyll forest – face significant threats from invasive ungulates, particularly Javan deer (Rusa timorensis), introduced in the 19th century and now widespread. Since deer are an important game and food source for local communities, the management strategy aims to mitigate their detrimental impact on ecosystems while maintaining populations at levels that continue to support hunting. To achieve these objectives, effective and reliable population monitoring methods are essential. Unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) equipped with thermal sensors represent a potentially superior alternative to conventional ground-based methods for ungulate inventories, particularly in remote and difficult-to-access areas. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using a rotor-wing drone and a thermal camera to estimate the relative density of Javan deer in two protected areas: Domaine de Déva (7,319 ha) and Parc provincial des Grandes Fougères (8,098 ha). Visual line-of-sight flights were conducted after sunset at altitudes of 80 and 100 m above ground level, with the camera fixed at 40° or 0° angles. In Déva, we surveyed 10 sampling blocks, and in Grandes Fougères, 4 blocks (each ranging from 56 to 92 ha). In the predominantly open savanna area of Déva, the estimated relative population density was 116 deer/km2 (SE = 26.8), with some blocks exceeding 400 deer/km2. In contrast, in the dense canopy rainforest of Grandes Fougères, the relative density was 7 deer/km2 (SE = 2.8), with a local maximum of 18 deer/km2. Differences in deer counts between consecutive flights over the same blocks (with time gaps of less than 100 minutes) were minor, demonstrating that drone surveys are highly repeatable – an essential quality for a reliable population monitoring program. To detect a 25% population reduction with a statistical power of 0.8, surveying 10 sampling blocks was sufficient in the high deer density savanna area, whereas approximately 28 blocks would be required in the rainforest. The logistics of drone operations were relatively straightforward in the savanna; however, in the rainforest, we encountered practical difficulties, including a limited number of suitable take-off sites and restricted visibility due to the dense canopy cover. Despite these obstacles, the method proved to be an effective and efficient approach for monitoring deer populations in the challenging landscapes of New Caledonia
Phylogenomic analyses of rare Neotropical lineages reveal the independent loss of antennal rami in railroad-worm beetles (Coleoptera: Phengodidae)
No full textAbstract Phengodidae, or railroad-worm beetles, are bioluminescent soft-bodied beetles with flight capable adult males and highly paedomorphic larviform females. They are well accepted as part of the “lampyroid” clade within Elateroidea, and their suprageneric relationships have been recently studied using a phylogenomic approach. However, the placement of taxa currently classified in the subfamily Penicillophorinae remained untested. Penicillophorinae form an assemblage of morphologically modified, rarely collected Neotropical genera that are unique among Phengodidae. They are particularly characterized by their moniliform, serrate or uniramose antennae, in contrast to the typically bipectinate antennae present in all other members of the family. To investigate the phylogenetic position of Penicillophorinae, we implemented a low-coverage whole genome sequencing approach to produce genomic data for Acladocera and Walterius, two out of five genera classified in this subfamily. The resulting phylogenomic analyses confirmed the monophyly of Phengodidae; however, Penicillophorinae were not found as a monophyletic group. Our results recovered the topology: Cydistinae + (Phengodinae + (Acladocera + (Cenophenginae + Mastinocerinae including Walterius))). Therefore, we suggest that the antennal double rami were lost at least twice among Phengodidae: once in the newly circumscribed Mastinocerinae (with Walterius), and once in Acladocera, which we tentatively keep in Penicillophorinae. Further, we discuss the morphological modifications of other genera currently classified in Penicillophorinae. Future phylogenomic research should focus on clarifying the boundaries and composition of phengodid subfamilies, particularly by including additional genera from Penicillophorinae and Mastinocerinae
A new terrestrial talitrid genus, Kachinorchestia, with a new species from Myanmar (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Arcitalitridae)
No full textThe Arcitalitridae (Amphipoda, Senticaudata, Talitrida, Talitroidea) is a diverse family containing 15 genera, of which Myanmarorchestia Hou, 2017 and Solitroides Suzuki, Nakano, Nguyen, Nguyen, Morino & Tomikawa, 2017 were reported in Southeast Asia. During research of terrestrial amphipods in Myanmar, we found character traits of some specimens did not match any existing genus of the family Arcitalitridae. These specimens should belong to a new genus.This new genus Kachinorchestia Hou, gen. nov. with one new species Kachinorchestia putao Hou, sp. nov. is described from terrestrial habitats in Myanmar. This new genus is characterised by mandible left lacinia mobilis with four teeth, gnathopod II propodus of male enlarged, oval and subchelate, with hook posteriorly, simplidactylate pereopods, complex and lobed gills and telson uncleft. Photos, molecular and morphological descriptions of new genus are provided
Comparative analysis of oral health status and hygiene practices in pregnant and non-pregnant women
No full textAim: This study compares the oral health status and hygiene practices of 30 pregnant and 30 non-pregnant women in Sofia, Bulgaria, using the DMFT, FMPS, and PBI. Oral hygiene habits, including brushing frequency, toothbrush type, duration, and technique, were also assessed.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study (January–June 2025) included 30 pregnant women (second/third trimester, aged 18–40 years) and 30 non-pregnant women (aged 18–40 years) from a private dental clinic. Exclusion criteria included systemic diseases and high-risk pregnancies. DMFT, FMPS, and PBI were evaluated by a dentist using standardized tools. Oral hygiene habits were collected via a validated questionnaire.Results: Pregnant women had lower mean DMFT, but higher FMPS and PBI, compared to non-pregnant women. Brushing frequency was similar (90% twice daily). Pregnant women used manual toothbrushes more, brushed for shorter durations and used less circular brushing.Conclusion: Pregnant women exhibit better caries experience (lower DMFT) but poorer oral hygiene (higher FMPS) and higher gingival inflammation than non-pregnant women, despite similar brushing frequency. Targeted oral health education promoting electric toothbrushes and circular brushing techniques is needed to improve maternal oral health.
Ophiostoma babimostense and Sporothrix europaea (Ascomycota, Ophiostomatales), two new ophiostomatalean species, associated with ambrosia and bark beetles in Norway and Poland
No full textThe order Ophiostomatales includes many species important for forestry, causing plant diseases. They are common associates of bark- and wood-dwelling beetles. Two new ophiostomatalean fungi viz. Ophiostoma babimostense sp. nov. and Sporothrix europaea sp. nov. are proposed, based on morphological characters and multigene phylogenies. Ophiostoma babimostense belongs to the Ophiostoma ulmi species complex and was isolated from fallen shoots of Scots pine pruned by Tomicus species in Poland. The fungus is characterised by the production of a typical pesotum-like and sporothrix-like asexual morphs. Sporothrix europaea belongs to the Sporothrix gossypina complex and was isolated from hardwood-infested by ambrosia and bark beetles in Poland and Norway. It is characterised by the occurrence of both a sexual and asexual morphs, with long necked ascomata bearing ostiolar hyphae and a sporothrix-like asexual morph
The pseudoscorpion family Garypidae (Pseudoscorpiones) of Taiwan: a new species in the newly recorded genus Anchigarypus and the first females of Garypus wilsoni and Garypus sanasai
No full textPseudoscorpions are a group of arachnids that inhabit various habitats, but only a few species occur in the intertidal zone, where their dispersal is presumably facilitated by ocean currents. In Taiwan, only two coastal species, Garypus wilsoni Lin & Chang, 2022 and Garypus sanasai Lin, Huang & Chang, 2022, have been formally recorded. In this study, we document the first record of the genus Anchigarypus Harvey, 2020, describe a new species, Anchigarypus longimanus sp. nov., report its molting nest, and provide the first identification key for the species of Anchigarypus worldwide. We also provide the first descriptions of female specimens of G. wilsoni and G. sanasai
The José Planellas Herbarium (CeDocBiV, Herbarium BCN)
No full textThis data paper presents the José Planellas herbarium, a historic collection that served as the basis for the publication of the first systematic flora of Galicia.The Planellas herbarium includes 2,483 specimens, of which 1,654 have locality data and have been registered in GBIF. The Planellas’s herbarium contains specimens of 1.922 taxa at specific or infraspecific level (subspecies) belonging to 835 genera in 142 families. The most abundant families are Asteraceae, Poaceae and Lamiaceae. The specimens were manly from Galicia, in Spain. Moreover, this herbarium contains plants from other countries, mainly Germany and France, that have handwritten labels written by Willkomm with whom Planellas appears to have maintained specimen exchange. Most of the samples were collected before 1852, when he was a professor at the University of Santiago de Compostela. This herbarium houses the specimens that served as the basis for the preparation of the first systematic flora of Galicia (Spain), including nine types
Unravelling Amegilla (Glossamegilla) diversity across the Wallace Line: new species, wing morphometrics, and biogeographic boundaries (Hymenoptera, Apidae)
No full textThe Indo-Australian Archipelago is a large and biologically complex region that straddles the famous transitionary border between the Indo-Malayan and Australasian biogeographic realms called the Wallace Line. This archipelago contains much of the diversity of Amegilla (Glossamegilla) Brooks, 1988 that was previously revised during the 20th century by the Dutch entomologist Maurits Lieftinck, but no modern works on the subject have been made. We present a new revision of the subgenus Glossamegilla in the Indo-Australian Archipelago using wing morphometrics to validate existing species concepts, as well as more complete type revision and examination of undetermined material. These efforts result in the new synonymy of A. bouwmani (Lieftinck, 1944), syn. nov. with A. amymone (Bingham, 1896) and unveiled five novelties, namely A. floresiana Carion & Wood, sp. nov. (Indonesia: Flores), A. suzanneae Carion & Wood, sp. nov. (Malaysia: Sabah), A. celineae Carion, sp. nov. (Indonesia: East Kalimantan), and the unknown males of A. gigas (Friese, 1922) and A. vigilans (Smith, 1860). In total, 20 species are currently known in the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Wing morphometrics were found to strongly support most of the existing species concepts. No individual Glossamegilla species were found to occur on both sides of the Wallace Line, and the subgenus as a whole is not known to the east of the Lydddeker Line. Overall, wing morphometrics can help to determine Glossamegilla species in the Indo-Australian Archipelago but need to be coupled with other characters such as additional morphological features or biogeography. Future research involving new collections of specimens are needed to thoroughly understand the evolutionary history and biogeography of the subgenus in the Indo-Australian Archipelago