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Two new Neotropical genera of Miracinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with unusual metasomal morphology
No full textTwo morphologically unusual new neotropical genera of Miracinae, Paramomirax Whitfield and Fernandez-Triana, and Fusimirax Whitfield and Fernandez-Triana, are here proposed and described. The two new genera differ strikingly from previously known Miracinae in having completely different patterns of desclerotization of the anterior metasomal tergites. Paramomirax, so far known only from paramo vegetation at high elevation in Colombia, is represented by P. peckorum Whitfield, new species. Fusimirax, so far known only from lower elevation forests in the Dominican Republic, is described from three species, F. masneri Whitfield & Fernandez-Triana, new species, F. robusta Whitfield, new species, and F. gracilis, Whitfield, new species. None of the four species has any recorded hosts yet, although all previous Miracinae with known hosts attack leaf-mining and bark-mining moth larvae
Map of livestock density in Central Apennines: a standardised protocol
No full textEffective ecosystem management requires a deep understanding of how human activities, such as livestock farming, impact ecological dynamics. Livestock farming influences vegetation structure, nutrient cycling, and wildlife behaviour, yet there are limited standardised methods for estimating livestock grazing pressure on a local scale. Here we developed a standardised protocol for mapping livestock density at cadastral sheet resolution, and we tested it in a mid-mountain area of Central Apennines, Italy. The protocol combines municipal grazing data related to seasonal high-altitude pasture with interviews and geospatial mapping to create fine-scale livestock distribution maps. We focused on different livestock species and we produced a separate map for each: cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. Our protocol addressed a critical gap in conservation research by providing a robust framework for quantifying grazing pressure. These data are crucial for understanding livestock-wildlife interactions and informing ecosystem management strategies on local territory.
Two new species of Penicillium and a new genus in Xylariomycetidae from the forest dump-sites in Chiang Mai, Thailand
No full textWaste accumulation in forest regions can have a severe impact on the soil mycobiome. However, research on soil fungi inhabiting forest disposal sites remains limited. Therefore, this study focused on the taxonomy and phylogeny of ascomycetes isolated from soil in forest dump-sites in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The fungal strains were identified using morphological characterisations and multigene phylogenetic reconstruction. A new genus, Pseudoleptodontidium, typified by Ps. chiangmaiense sp. nov. (Amphisphaeriales genera incertae sedis, Xylariomycetidae), along with two new species, Penicillium chiangmaiense (series Janthinella, section Lanata-Divaricata) and P. terrae (series Erubescentia, section Exilicaulis) (Aspergillaceae, Eurotiales), are described in detail and compared with closely-related species. Our discovery offers valuable insights into the soil ascomycetes associated with forest disturbances
First description of a male Melaphe apamea Hoffman & Lohmander, 1968 from Turkey (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae)
No full textThe first male of Melaphe apamea Hoffman & Lohmander, 1968 is described and illustrated based on a single specimen collected by a Hungarian expedition to Turkey in 1980.The specimen is kept in the Myriapoda Collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum (Hungarian National Museum Public Collection Centre), Budapest
Women Entrepreneurs in Small and Medium Businesses in Russia and Kazakhstan: Do Family Ties Help?
No full textThe paper addresses the issues of the current state and prospects of women’s entrepreneurship in the modern economic environment. The purpose of the study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of women’s entrepreneurial activity and preferences in starting a business in Russia or Kazakhstan in the postCOVID-19 period and during the subsequent social and economic instability. The research was conducted using a review of theoretical literature and the descriptive and interpretive method; the empirical methodology included a questionnaire survey and transcription of respondents’ interviews, analysis of the methodological base and adaptation of the INTERGEN international project methodology, use of mathematical and statistical methods of data processing. A conceptual framework for assessing and synthesising key information from the in-depth interviews and questionnaires is proposed and tested. A number of specific characteristics, drivers and barriers to women’s entrepreneurship have been identified. In particular, it is shown that for most women entrepreneurs, the choice is driven by a desire to fulfil their potential and to find their own occupation which would bring moral satisfaction as well as income
Digital Object Interface Protocol (DOIP) enabled Digital Object repository installation to store and provide digital specimen information
No full textBiodiversity research relies on physical specimens stored in natural science collections, which serve as enduring reservoirs of data about organisms and their environments. However, these reservoirs remain siloed. The concept of Digital Specimen addresses the challenges posed by the vast amount of disconnected digital biodiversity data available today. The existing approach involves converting analogue records into digital replicas stored in local databases, leading to isolated and fragmented datasets that are difficult to integrate and utilise efficiently. The Digital Specimen aims to overcome this by establishing an interconnected network of digital objects on the Internet.Digital Specimens are FAIR Digital Objects (FDOs), structured digital entities that adhere to the FAIR principles: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. FDOs have the potential to enhance the accessibility and interoperability of data from natural science collections by providing unique identifiers, descriptive metadata, and defined operations. DiSSCo utilises the FDO framework to enhance the accessibility and interoperability of biodiversity research data from natural science collections. FDOs facilitate seamless data exchange by providing structured digital objects with unique identifiers, descriptive metadata, and defined operations. As part of making Digital Specimens FDOs, DiSSCO implemented FDO records, metadata records associated with a Persistent Identifier, which further enable machine actionability.A Digital Object repository was developed for the purposes of storing and acting upon digital specimens. Three technological pillars compose the repository: a relational database stores the latest version of the digital specimen and is used for retrieving specimens by their identifier; an indexing solution provides full search capabilities on digital specimens; and a document store holds previous versions of a digital specimen for provenance purposes. There are three ways a user may interact with the digital object repository: a REST API; a user-friendly web portal; and a DOIP server.To ingest data from multiple source systems, a harmonised data model was developed, called OpenDS. Built upon existing international standards like DarwinCore and ABCD, OpenDs accommodates complex structures necessary to capture information about multiple taxonomic identifications, events, agents, and relationships to other data sources. DiSSCo has decided to adapt the GBIF Unified Model (UM) for specimen data, ensuring interoperability and avoiding the development of potentially competing standards. By aligning with the GBIF UM, DiSSCo enhances interoperability with GBIF and promotes the establishment of a unified data modelling standard within the biodiversity community, facilitating seamless data exchange and integration with data aggregators like GBIF
SAFEMAPS: Integrated analytical solutions for improving the compliance and quality of products obtained from medicinal and aromatic plants to ensure the consumer's protection and the sustainable exploitation of biodiversity
No full textHerbal food supplements produced from medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are becoming increasingly popular to complement synthetic pharmaceuticals. This category of products is regulated under more lenient food product regulations rather than the stringent rules applicable to medicines. The effectiveness and safety of these products rely on various factors, including the varying phytochemical composition of the original plant material, potential adulteration, substitution and contamination from biological and chemical sources. The SAFEMAPS scientific research project aims to provide integrated analytical solutions that enhance the compliance and quality of food supplements derived from aromatic and medicinal plants. This project seeks to improve the safe use of these products by consumers, while promoting the sustainable exploitation of plant biodiversity. Within this project, an experimental model will be developed to assess the identity, authenticity, traceability and quality of herbal food supplements. This model includes analytical solutions that integrate phytochemical and molecular genetic analyses. The proposed solutions will prioritise the needs of the food supplements industry, particularly regarding the quality and compliance of herbal products sold in Romania and across the European single market. These solutions will also tackle various aspects of the supply chain, including growers or collectors of medicinal and aromatic plants, processors, importers and final consumers
Morpho-molecular analyses reveal two novel species and two new records of Dictyosporiaceae (Pleosporales) from Dulongjiang River in northwestern Yunnan Province, China
No full textYunnan Province is rich in freshwater resources, providing a favorable environment for freshwater fungi. As a result, numerous new species have been described in recent years, further supporting the extensive diversity of freshwater fungi in this region. During an investigation of lignicolous freshwater fungi from the Dulongjiang River, six fresh isolates of Dictyosporiaceae were obtained. The new collection includes two new species (Dictyocheirospora splendida and Jalapriya guttulata), two new records (D. nabanheensis and Dictyosporium hughesii), and one known species (Dictyosporium duliujiangense). They are introduced based on morphological evidence and molecular phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, and tef1-α sequence data. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of these species are provided, and morphological comparison with similar taxa is discussed
Pharmacist-led intervention reduced drug-related problems in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
No full textThis pre- and post-quasi-experimental study was undertaken to analyze the impact of pharmacist-led intervention (PI) on the reduction of DRPs in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients (n = 106) for six months admitted to Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. The required data of patients in the control group (CG) and PI groups were extracted from medical records. DRPs were analyzed by applying PCNE version 9.1. The significance of PI on DRPs was analyzed using a paired t-test. The mean age of the patients was 58.61 ± 8.89 (years). Most (54.72%) of them were female. The total incidences of DRPs in CG and PI groups were 263 and 205, respectively, (p = 0.001). The relative risk of PI on DRPs was 0.93 and the absolute risk reduction was 6.6%. This study indicated that PI through patient counseling reduced the incidence of DRPs in the management of T2DM outpatients
Paracorymbiglomus gen. nov., Diversispora conica sp. nov., and new combinations in Diversisporaceae (Glomeromycota)
No full textThe paper presents the results of morphological studies, as well as comparisons and phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the 45S (= 18S-ITS-28S) nuc rDNA region and the rpb1 gene (when available) of four arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the phylum Glomeromycota. These fungi were (i) an informally named isolate 449, suspected of being an undescribed species of the genus Diversispora, and (ii) three Corymbiglomus species in the family Diversisporaceae. The studies confirmed the novelty of isolate 449 in Diversispora and showed that Corymbiglomus contains only C. corymbiforme, while C. globiferum and C. pacificum should be transferred to a separate genus sister to Corymbiglomus. Consequently, isolate 449 was described as Diversispora conica sp. nov., C. globiferum, and C. pacificum were placed in Paracorymbiglomus gen. nov. and renamed P. globiferum comb. nov. and P. pacificum comb. nov