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Occurrence dataset of protected fungal species for the Red Data Book in Yugra Region, Western Siberia
No full textThe data paper describes a dataset of occurrences of fungal species listed in the Red Data Book of Yugra Region (Western Siberia, Russia). The dataset is based on all digitised records of fungal occurrences in the region. The authors conducted an assessment of the conservation status of fungal species for the revised third edition of the Red Data Book of Yugra. The third edition of the Red Data Book of Yugra includes a total of 61 fungal species (excluding lichens). Of these, nine species are listed on the IUCN Red List and six are included in the Red Data Book of Russia. At the time of publication, the dataset comprises 1180 records of protected species, including human observations, preserved specimens and material citations from literature.The paper provides the first overview of the history of fungal conservation in Yugra (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra, KhMAO-Yugra). For the first time, open-source data are used for the assessment of the occurrence of rare species and evaluation of their conservation status for the revised third edition of the Red Data Book of Yugra. An integrated occurrence dataset for the species included in the new edition of the Red Data Book is presented
Coelomic foreign bodies in wild-caught Python spp. in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, Florida, USA
No full textBurmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) and African rock pythons (Python sebae) have established invasive populations in southern Florida, severely disrupting local ecosystems. We analysed necropsy data from 2,179 pythons captured between 2006 and 2022, revealing nine cases of coelomic foreign bodies, primarily consisting of bird beaks, which presumably entered the coelom following gastrointestinal perforations during prey consumption. Despite the presence of foreign bodies, most examined pythons exhibited no obvious health issues. These findings indicate that the consumption of prey with sharp morphological features, such as wading birds, may not impede the pythons’ survival or health significantly, thereby underscoring their adaptability as apex predators in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem
Anthropometric characteristics of ILCA 6 sailors at the Summer Olympic Games
No full textThis study aimed to determine the typical anthropometric profi le of elite ILCA 6 class sailors at the Olympic Games. To achieve this goal, trends in key anthropometric indicators, such as weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and age of the competitors in this class were analyzed, along with their impact on the fi nal results at the Olympic Games. A sample of 150 Olympic ILCA 6 class sailors took part in this study, with an average age of 25.59 ± 4.83 years, a body height of 171.51 ± 5.02 cm, a body weight of 66.15 ± 3.88 kg, and a BMI of 22.5 ± 1.48 kg/m². These sailors participated in the Olympic Games of 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2021. The data were collected from offi cial results books published by the Organizing Committees of the Olympic Games, which included the age, height, and weight of all sailors. Means and standard deviations were calculated, and Spearman correlation was used to determine the relation between fi nal performances and age, height, weight, and BMI. The fi ndings revealed a moderate negative correlation between performance and age (r = -.336) among female ILCA 6 sailors at the Olympic Games. The results suggested that the dominant anthropometric characteristics were ages between 20 and 28 (63.8%), height between 1.65m and 1.76m (81.4%), and weight between 62 kg and 70 kg (82.7%)
Australosagola, a new genus of pselaphine beetles from southern Australia (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae, Faronitae) with descriptions of seven new species
No full textThe new Australian genus, Australosagola, gen. nov. supertribe Faronitae, is described with seven new species and three new combinations for species previously assigned to Sagola Sharp, 1874. This genus includes Australosagola tasmaniae (Lea, 1911), comb. nov. (type species), A. rugicornis (Oke, 1932), comb. nov., A. helenae (Oke, 1925), comb. nov., A. minsangi sp. nov., A. minhoi sp. nov., A. jiwooki sp. nov., A. sunheei sp. nov., A. doohyungi sp. nov., A. jungjooni sp. nov., and A. yongsooni sp. nov. A key, illustrations of major diagnostic characters, habitus images, and distribution maps are provided
Genetic structure and microsatellite-based genetic variation influenced by habitat fragmentation in pudu deer (Pudu puda) from southern Chile
No full textLandscape alterations have strong impacts on the distribution of genetic variation within and between populations, and understanding these effects can provide insights for design conservation strategies. We analyzed 20 georeferenced individuals of pudu deer (Pudu puda) of three populations from southern Chile to obtain genetic diversity and distance parameters based on five polymorphic microsatellite loci. The genetic population structure was assessed by using STRUCTURE 2.3.4 and the effective population sizes (Ne) with NeEstimator 2.0 software. Habitat fragmentation metrics were also analyzed to correlate these data with the genetic variation focused to assess the effect of native forest fragmentation on the genetic structure of pudu deer. The mean number of alleles ranges from 2.8 to 4.2, while the mean number of private alleles ranged from 0.4 to 1.2. The mean observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.423 to 0.547. All populations displayed significant deficits of heterozygotes (FIS = 0.091-0.189, P 0.05), indicating no genetic differentiation among populations. The STRUCTURE analysis did not reveal a population structure, and the NeEstimator found a markedly low Ne in a population compared to other analyzed populations. Multiple regression analysis indicates that two fragmentation metrics, namely, the proportion of the landscape covered by forest (PLAND) and the patch density (PD), negatively and significantly affected the number of alleles per locus as well as the observed heterozygosity (PLAND, β = -0.8740, P < 0.05; PD, β = -0.6594, P < 0.05). This result suggests that a greater degree of habitat fragmentation contributes to a decrease in genetic variation of pudu deer. Therefore, maintaining the native forest continuity across the distribution range of pudu deer could contribute to preserving the genetic diversity, enhancing the long-term survival of this mammal
Strategic Proposal for Selective Awakening and Targeted Elimination of Latent Viruses Through Molecular Pathway Disruption
No full textLatent viral infections, such as those caused by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), remain a major obstacle to achieving complete viral eradication. These pathogens establish dormancy within host cells, effectively evading immune detection and undermining standard antiviral therapies. This research proposal outlines a three-phase strategy that integrates nanotechnology and molecular biology to selectively reactivate latent viruses and eliminate them through targeted capture and neutralization mechanisms. By employing biomimetic nanostructures and phase-specific activation triggers, this approach seeks to minimize off-target effects and collateral damage, offering a controlled and replicable platform for treating chronic viral infections
Transcriptome characterisation and population genetics of Cunninghamia konishii Hayata – An endangered gymnosperm and implication for its conservation in Vietnam
No full textBiodiversity loss and degradation activities have a significant impact and devastating consequences on the ecosystem, eventually posing a major threat to many plant species, including Cunninghamia konishii. Deforestation and the growth of settlements are the main factors that affect the biodiversity hotspots in Vietnam such as Northwest, Northeast, North Central and Central Highlands regions. This has led to a decline of the species, so effective conservation strategies are urgently required. This study aimed to identify simple sequence repeat markers within expressed sequence tags from C. konishii, develop markers from them and assess the potential of those markers for diversity and population structure analysis of the plant. The Illumina HiSeq™ 4000 sequencing technology was applied for the transcriptomic analysis of C. konishii and genetic differentiation and population structure of C. konishii in Vietnam. In this study, the transcriptomes of C. konishii were analysed using the Illumina HiSeqTM 4000 sequencing system and a total of 5,361,856,500 base pairs were generated. De novo assembly indicated that 58,905 unigenes were generated (average length = 736.4 bp, N50 = 1,869 bp, Q20 = 98.44% and Q30 = 95.08%). A total of 23,232 and 16,510 unigenes had significant similarities amongst Nr and Swiss-Prot, respectively. In the GO database, 12,056 (20.47%) unigenes were annotated and these genes were divided into three major categories and 50 subcategories. In the KOG analysis, 13,248 (22.49 %) unigenes were annotated and divided into 25 gene function categories. In the KEGG analysis, 8,714 (14.79%) unigenes were annotated. According to the related pathways involved, they could be classified into 56 subclasses. In this study, we have identified a total of 2,854 EST-SSRs markers. Of the 960 primer pairs, 99 were validated and reported for polymorphism. The genetic diversity within and amongst C. konishii populations was studied using 10 SSR markers. A sample size of 96 trees considered from three distant populations in Vietnam was analysed in this study. Our data determined PIC = 0.67, Na = 4.05, Ne = 2.76 and P = 100%. We reported moderate levels of genetic diversity with Ho = 0.56 and He = 0.58 and the fixation index value was recorded as positive for three populations (XL, HSP and PH). The bottleneck tests showed clear evidence of a bottleneck in PH population sizes. Genetic differentiation amongst populations was recorded very low (FST = 0.029), indicating gene flow (Nm = 8.169). This result indicates gene exchange between the populations of ancient C. konishii from different geographical areas and regions. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that high genetic variation existed within individuals (90.68%) compared to amongst populations (2.97%). A Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) and Bayesian clustering grouped the populations into three genetically similar clusters. Additionally, candidate genes related to essential oil biosynthesis were identified. This study provides the first EST-SSR marker-based genetic diversity and population structure analysis of C. konishii, offering valuable insights for breeding and conservation efforts. The findings establish a key genetic resource for future conservation strategies with the aim of preserving this endangered species
A new species of Southeast Asian dwarf tarantula in the genus Phlogiellus Pocock, 1897, from Lao PDR (Theraphosidae, Selenocosmiinae)
No full textA new species of Southeast Asian dwarf tarantula, Phlogiellus khampheng Sriranan, Songsangchote & Chomphuphuang, sp. nov., is described from Pakse, Champasack Province, Lao PDR. The species is placed within the Yamia group of the genus Phlogiellus, which is characterized by the absence of maxillary lyra. Phlogiellus khampheng Sriranan, Songsangchote & Chomphuphuang, sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species within the Yamia group by the unique morphology of the female spermathecae and the male embolus. The habitat and natural history of P. khampheng Sriranan, Songsangchote & Chomphuphuang, sp. nov. are also discussed, with specimens found in mixed deciduous forests near Pakse, Lao PDR, inhabiting various microhabitats such as soil walls, under rocks, and within tree hollows. An updated comparison of scopula characteristics and labial cuspule counts across Phlogiellus species highlights the variability of these traits and their limitations as diagnostic features. Molecular phylogenetic analyses and species delimitation methods (ABGD and ASAP) further support the recognition of P. khampheng Sriranan, Songsangchote & Chomphuphuang, sp. nov. as a distinct species
A special case of annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma: case report and mini-review
No full textAnnular elastolytic giant cell granuloma (AEGCG) is a rare and variable clinical picture in dermatology.As not all forms present with the annular variant, the term elastolytic giant cell granuloma (EGCG) was introduced. However, the histopathological features are constant and are characterised by elastolysis and elastophagocytosis in all clinical variants.In this clinical letter, we present a 92-year-old male patient with non-palpable, figured erythema on the back.Taking into account the clinical, dermoscopic and histological findings of our patient, we were able to make the diagnosis of EGCG.Timely recognition of the rare elastolytic giant cell granuloma is crucial, as it may be associated with both systemic diseases and malignancies. Due to the different clinical manifestations, knowledge of the significance of histopathology is also essential for diagnosis.Prompt detection of EGCG and a directly associated search for causes can identify any pre-existing malignancies, minimise their secondary effects and thus improve the prognosis
A relic of glacial isolation: deep phylogeographic splits in dwarf pond snail Galba truncatula (Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae)
No full textThe dwarf pond snail Galba truncatula (O.F. Müller, 1774) is a widespread freshwater species and a key intermediate host of Fasciola spp. Despite its ecological and medical significance, the evolutionary structure of its populations remains incompletely resolved. Using 78 mitochondrial COI sequences, including newly obtained material from Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and Caucasus, we reconstructed the phylogeographic pattern of Galba truncatula across Western Palearctic. Our analyses reveal the presence of three distinct phylogenetic lineages. A deeply divergent group, represented by a small number of sequences, occurs sympatrically with the main clade in Western Europe. The main clade, comprising the majority of sequences, is split into two geographically structured subclades: a western lineage (Western Europe and North Africa) and an eastern lineage (Eastern Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia). Both major lineages are represented in South America, suggesting at least two independent colonization events. We propose that the initial divergence between the eastern and western lineages likely began in the early Pleistocene, whereas their present-day distribution may have been shaped by isolation during the Last Glacial Maximum. Highlights We reconstructed the phylogeographic structure of Galba truncatula using COI sequences from Eurasia and South America. Three distinct lineages were identified, including a deeply divergent group occurring sympatrically in Western Europe. The main lineage is split into eastern and western clades, likely diverging in the early Pleistocene. Both clades are represented in South America, indicating at least two independent colonization events. Our findings challenge the hypothesis of a South American origin and highlight the role of glacial history in shaping current diversity