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A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand
No full textGarcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) is revised for Thailand with four species: G. merguensis, G. minutiflora, G. rostrata, and G. santisukiana. Morphological descriptions, illustrations, and an identification key to the species are provided, along with notes on distributions, habitats and ecology, phenology, preliminary conservation assessments, etymology, vernacular names, uses, and specimens examined. Two taxa, Garcinia brevirostris and G. calophylla, are newly synonymised under G. rostrata. Nine names are lectotypified here, including four associated synonyms of Garcinia merguensis–G. merguensis var. truncata, G. merguensis var. pyramidata, G. fulva, and G. lanceolata—as well as G. rostrata and four associated synonyms of G. rostrata: G. brevirostris, G. calophylla, G. gitingensis, and G. wrayi. Two species, Garcinia minutiflora and G. santisukiana, have a conservation status of Vulnerable [VU], while the other two species, G. merguensis and G. rostrata, have a conservation status of Least Concern [LC]
Four new species of the lichen genus Diorygma (Graphidaceae, Ostropales) from Guizhou, China
No full textFour new species of the lichen genus Diorygma from China are described based on morphological, chemical, and phylogenetic evidence. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using both RAxML and Bayesian posterior probability inference, based on combined LSU and mtSSU sequences. The characteristic compounds were analyzed by colorimetric reactions and thin-layer chromatography. Diorygma guizhouense is characterized by small apothecia, a narrow to slightly open disc covered with white pruina, and the presence of stictic, salazinic, and norstictic acids. Diorygma leigongshanense is characterized by small, oval apothecia, a disc surrounded by entire, raised, and widely open thalline margins covered with thin, pale yellowish pruina, and the same chemical substances as D. guizhouense. Diorygma locitonitrus is distinguished by the presence of salazinic acid and hyaline, richly muriform ascospores, notably with distinctly smaller peripheral cells compared to the central cells. Diorygma weii is characterized by stellately branched apothecia with a closed to slit-like disc, a milky white thallus tinged with green, and the presence of only norstictic acid. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations of the new species are provided, along with a comprehensive species checklist highlighting the diagnostic characteristics of the known species in this genus
Three new country records of colubrid snakes (Squamata, Colubridae) for the Republic of Kosovo
No full textThree new species of Colubridae are reported for the Republic of Kosovo for the first time in the published literature: Platyceps najadum (Eichwald, 1831), Telescopus fallax (Fleischmann, 1831), and Zamenis situla (Linnaeus, 1758). Literature on bites from these genera is reviewed, and it is demonstrated that no new dangerously venomous snakes are recorded for Kosovo
Discovery of Laophontidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from marine plastic debris: Pseudonychocamptus setadefectus sp. nov. and Heterolaophonte discophora (Willey, 1929)
No full textTwo species belonging to the family Laophontidae Scott T., 1905 were identified among harpacticoid copepods collected from marine plastic debris (MPD) stranded along the Korean coastline. These species were assigned to the genera Pseudonychocamptus Lang, 1944 and Heterolaophonte Lang, 1948. Pseudonychocamptus setadefectus sp. nov. conforms to the generic diagnosis, displaying sexual dimorphism in the armature of the swimming legs. It is distinguished from its six congeners by possessing only two endites on the maxillary syncoxa, notably lacking the proximal endite bearing the seta that is present in all other known species within the genus. Although most morphologically similar to P. colomboi Ceccherelli, 1988, the new species differs in several key characteristics, including the number of setae on the maxillary endopod, the relative length ratios of setae on the female P5 exopod, the presence of an inner seta on the male P5 exopod, and the asymmetry of the male P6. The second species, Heterolaophonte discophora (Willey, 1929), was previously reported from the Atlantic coast of Canada and the Pacific coasts of the USA and Japan. The Korean specimens closely correspond to these previous records, yet exhibit intraspecific variation, particularly in the setal count on the female P3 enp-2. Additional morphological differences were also observed, including variations in the segmentation of the male P3 endopod and in the number of setae on the maxillary endopod. Based on the sexually dimorphic traits observed in males, we propose the subdivision of the genus Heterolaophonte into four distinct species groups. The discovery of P. setadefectus sp. nov. and H. discophora on anthropogenic MPD underscores the potential role of such substrates as microhabitats for benthic harpacticoid copepods
Corrigendum: New data on spiders (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Araneae) of Georgia with description of a new species from Tegenaria lyncea group. Caucasiana 4: 65–80. https://doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.4.e162490
No full textWe recently published the description of a new agelenid spider Tegenaria amirani (Seropian, Bulbulashvili et Makharadze 2025). However, no holotype depository was indicated in the paper. This is mandatory after 1999 according to the current International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, and the new species name would be a nomen nudum and unavailable (ICZN 1999: Art. 16.4.2). In this corrigendum, we indicate the holotype depository, which we did not include in the original paper. We thank Theo Blick (Hummeltal, Germany) for kindly pointing out this error.To rectify this oversight, we hereby provide the missing depository information: the holotype and all paratypes bearing the sample code CaBOL-ID are deposited in the deposited in the scientific collections of Ilia State University, Georgia, Tbilisi
Orlitia borneensis (Gray, 1873) (Testudines, Geoemydidae), Malaysian Giant Turtle, from Belitung Island, Indonesia: filling a distribution gap
No full textOrlitia borneensis (Gray, 1873), Malaysian Giant Turtle, is a freshwater turtle native across Southeast Asia and has been assessed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN Red List. We report the first record of this species in Belitung, a remote island in Indonesia, based on photographs. The new record is approximately 200 km to the west of the nearest locality in Borneo, and 250 km to the east of the nearest locality in Sumatra. This species was found at a site with slow‑flowing waters and forested hills 70 m above sea leve
The spread of Indo-Pacific origin fish species in the Mediterranean Sea is influenced by sea currents, habitat factors, and increasingly by shipping
No full textThe construction of the Suez Canal initiated a profound marine biogeographic rearrangement by connecting two marine regions that had been separated for about 16 million years. To date, more than 100 fish species native to the Indo-West Pacific Ocean have crossed the Suez Canal and become established in the Mediterranean Sea. The purpose of this study is to identify the major factors that influence how fish species of Indo-Pacific origin (FSIPO) spread within the Mediterranean. We analyzed Mediterranean records of 136 FSIPOs, divided the Mediterranean Sea into polygons, and examined how sea currents, shipping, environmental variables, and species characteristics affect the probability that an FSIPO record is found in a polygon. Our analysis showed that any particular FSIPO is more likely to colonize regions that receive currents from the entrance of the Suez Canal, as well as regions that are close to – or receive currents or cargo ships from – other regions already occupied by the same species. Higher salinity is linked to increased colonization rates, and colonization rates overall show a significant increase over time. In addition, colonization due to spatial proximity to occupied regions and due to shipping increased significantly over time. Comparisons between simulated and observed rates of spread showed that there is additional variation among fish species that our analysis did not capture
Structural diversity as an indicator of forest degradation in Quercus robur stands along the Tundzha river, Southeast Bulgaria
No full textThe structural integrity and compositional stability of Quercus robur dominated riparian forests in southeastern Bulgaria but have been increasingly compromised by long-term anthropogenic pressures, particularly hydrological modifications. This study investigates the structural diversity and regeneration dynamics of four representative stands along the Tundzha River, situated within protected areas and a strict reserve. Data were obtained through systematic plot-based sampling and analysed to evaluate diameter distribution, regeneration status, and radial growth patterns. Diameter distributions conformed predominantly to gamma and lognormal functions, indicative of uneven-aged stand structure in three of the four sites. Gini coefficients ranged from 0.39 to 0.58, reflecting varying degrees of structural heterogeneity. Regeneration of Q. robur was notably scarce across all stands, with understory layers largely dominated by shade-tolerant and competitive broadleaved species. This compositional trend is characterised by a consistent absence of oak in the smaller diameter classes and suggests a trajectory toward long-term replacement of oak by other species. Tree-ring chronologies further revealed a marked decline in radial growth beginning in the mid-20th century, coinciding with the onset of intensive flood control and drainage infrastructure. The results indicate that, despite retaining elements of structural complexity, these forests are undergoing gradual ecological degradation. The persistence of Q. robur in these systems is unlikely without targeted silvicultural measures aimed at promoting regeneration and mitigating the effects of altered hydrological regimes
The challenges in symptomatic therapy of post-COVID-19: a Bulgarian cohort study
No full textBackground: Post-COVID syndrome encompasses a spectrum of persistent symptoms following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fatigue, cognitive disturbances, and musculoskeletal complaints are among the most commonly reported symptoms. Emerging evidence suggests a role of immune dysregulation, autoantibody production, and micronutrient deficiencies in the pathogenesis of post-COVID. Objective: To evaluate the clinical presentation, autoimmunity profile, vitamin D status, and response to targeted supplementation in a small cohort of patients with post-COVID syndrome. Aim: Text. Methods: Fourteen patients meeting clinical criteria for post-COVID syndrome (mean age 39.79 ± 5.49 years) were enrolled. ANA testing was performed in 13 patients, and serum vitamin D levels were assessed in 12. Eight patients received a supplementation protocol consisting of melatonin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 5-HTP, and vitamin D. Clinical improvement was evaluated at follow-up. Results: The most common symptoms were fatigue (64.3%), blurred vision (57.1%), musculoskeletal pain (57.1%), brain fog (50.0%), and sleep disturbances (50.0%). ANA positivity was detected in 61.5% of the tested patients, although individuals with diagnosed autoimmune diseases were excluded after rheumatological consultation. Vitamin D deficiency or low levels were identified in 58.4% of patients. Among those who received supplementation and were available for follow-up (n = 5), 80% reported clinical improvement. The association between supplementation and symptom improvement did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.576), likely due to the small sample size. Conclusion: Patients with post-COVID syndrome may exhibit signs of subclinical autoimmunity and vitamin D insufficiency. Supplementation with immunomodulatory and antioxidant agents may provide symptomatic benefit and warrants further investigation in larger, controlled studies
First documented record of Catharus fuscescens (Stephens, 1817) (Passeriformes, Turdidae) in Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil
No full textCatharus fuscescens (Stephens, 1817), Veery, is a Nearctic–Tropical migrant that winters mainly in Brazilian Amazonia and Cerrado. In the Atlantic Forest of the southeastern region of Brazil, it is frequently recorded in São Paulo and Minas Gerais states, but remains undocumented from Rio de Janeiro. We report the first confirmed record of C. fuscescens in Rio de Janeiro, based on a banded specimen (F7817) captured on Marambaia Island, Mangaratiba. This finding contributes to the understanding of the species’ distribution and migratory routes and supports conservation strategies in southeastern Brazil