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Unlocking the potential exploring pharmacological properties from Apiaceae family
No full textThe Apiaceae family, which encompasses a variety of economically important vegetables, herbs, and spices, stands out as one of the largest plant families. Crops such as anise, fennel, carrot, coriander, and parsley are not only valued for their culinary uses but also serve as important sources of botanical flavors and fragrances. Members of the Apiaceae family are known for their diverse medicinal properties, including antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as benefits for diabetes management and liver protection. In addition, these plants produce a number of unique, specialized metabolites such as volatile phenylpropanoids, furanocoumarins, sesquiterpene coumarins, polyacetylenes, and phthalides. Some of these compounds are rare phytochemicals found exclusively in this family, highlighting their potential for bioprospecting. The objective of this review is to support future research on Apiaceae by providing up-to-date information on their key characteristics, origin and traditional uses. It also collects and analyses the scattered information available in the literature on the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils and various extracts from selected Apiaceae species, demonstrating their potential for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other industrial applications
Motivation and its determinants among community pharmacists in Vietnam: insights and intervention opportunities from network analysis
No full textThis study was conducted to assess the intrinsic, organisational, and sociocultural motivational factors of community pharmacists. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 437 community pharmacists in Vietnam. The interactions between motivational factors were visually depicted using network analysis. Compared to organisational factors (4.00) and sociocultural factors (3.98), pharmacist motivation mainly came from intrinsic factors (4.04). Intrinsic motivation was significantly higher among those who were single, widowed or divorced (p = 0.025); working in pharmacies or pharmacy chains (p = 0.032); and in urban areas (p = 0.027). Supervision, work pride and internal recognition were the most central factors in the motivational network. These findings suggest that future research and interventions targeting supervision, work pride and internal recognition may generate a spillover effect—producing broader impacts across the motivational system, thereby improving work motivation
Characterisation of the genome and secretome of Phytophthora cryptogea and P. erythroseptica
No full textPhytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. & Laff. and P. erythroseptica Pethybr. are oomycetes that cause root rot diseases of multiple plant species, including serious diseases of potato. These two species of Phytophthora were originally reported in Ireland more than 100 years ago and are closely related phylogenetically and morphologically similar. Both species have wide host ranges and can hybridise with each other. In this study, we sequenced whole genomes of the ex-type strain of P. cryptogea (CBS 113.19) and the authentic strain of P. erythroseptica (P6180). The genomes of the two isolates were assembled into 52.5 Mb and 74.7 Mb, respectively. A total of 11,654 protein-encoding genes were predicted for P. cryptogea and 15,970 for P. erythroseptica. Phylogenomic analyses of 2012 single-copy orthologous genes and 99 BUSCO genes from the stramenopiles dataset confirmed that they are sister species and show that they belong to Phytophthora clade 8. The secretome analysis of P. erythroseptica P6180, P. cryptogea CBS 418.71 and P. cryptogea CBS 113.19 may provide information for future research on resistance-breeding targets and strategies for pathogen control. This genomic characterisation of the two Phytophthora species provides additional reference data that might be useful for future studies on Phytophthora genetic variation, pathogenicity and biological traits
First documented record of Pseudocerastes persicus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) (Squamata, Viperidae) from Iraq
No full textPseudocerastes persicus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854), Persian Horned Viper, is a venomous species found in western Iran, Pakistan, and possibly Afghanistan, with isolated populations in the UAE and Oman. Despite reports from Iraq and Türkiye, no confirmed evidence from these countries existed until now. In August 2024, a local hunter captured a live specimen in the Zurbatia Foothills in eastern Iraq, on the border with Iran. Although the specimen was not preserved, video and photographic documentation confirm its identification. This record extends the geographic range of P. persicus into eastern Iraq and emphasizes the need for further field research on this species’ distribution and conservation in the country
Morphological and molecular re-assessment of European and Levantine species of the genus Hortiboletus (Boletaceae)
No full textHortiboletus (the former Xerocomus rubellus species complex) is one of the most taxonomically critical and difficult genera for species identification in the family Boletaceae. Here, we provide a detailed morphological and molecular re-assessment of European and Levantine species of Hortiboletus. A new species, H. hershenzoniae, is described from Israel. It is sister to H. engelii and associated with the evergreen oak Quercus calliprinos and potentially also with Q. ithaburensis. Based on the sequence retrieved from INSDC, this species is also found in Lebanon. Accurate morphological descriptions, comprehensive sampling, type studies, biogeography, macro- and microphotographs and a historical overview on the nomenclatural issues surrounding H. rubellus, H. bubalinus, H. engelii, and H. hershenzoniae are given. An epitype collection is designated for H. rubellus. A key is provided for identification of the European and Levantine taxa. In addition, we propose a novel taxonomic combination Hortiboletus flavorubellus, which is conspecific with Boletus rubellus var. flammeus, based on the DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis of type material. Boletus harrisonii is also shown to be conspecific with H. campestris. A multilocus phylogenetic analysis of four markers (ITS, LSU, tef1-α, and rpb2) reveals that Hortiboletus is a sister genus to Xerocomellus. Using the Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition method, at least 19 phylogenetic species and eight putative phylogenetic species of the genus Hortiboletus can be delimited. Based on multilocus analysis, it contains from 24 to 25 species-level clades worldwide, 17 out of which represent known species, one newly described and potentially six to seven undescribed species. Tandem repeat insertions within the ITS region (both in ITS1 and ITS2) are reported for the first time, not only in the genus Hortiboletus, but in the entire subfamily Boletoideae. Their identification and characterisation were based on Tandem Repeat Finder analysis and visual assessment of the ITS alignment
Simple network models integrate global change, social dynamics and management interventions in biosecurity scenario analysis
No full textGlobal change and public participation are both areas of considerable uncertainty in estimating the success of biosecurity response strategies but are poorly integrated in most available models. We introduce INApest(), a novel network simulation method which integrates social and global change factors, as well as pest biology and multiple management variables in scenario analyses of biosecurity responses. INApest() separates the management response into four key parameters: probability of detection; management adoption; eradication of local populations; spread reduction (e.g. through movement restrictions or hygiene measures). It also permits simulation of biosecurity responses which evolve organically as new incidences of the pest are detected and information about the pest and management technologies spread through the network. We demonstrate selected functionality of INApest() using Nassella neesiana (Chilean Needle Grass; CNG), a slow-spreading pasture weed that impacts animal health, as a case-study. Realistic historical CNG spread rates are reproduced under a no management scenario using dispersal kernels derived from known natural and human mediated spread mechanisms. Scenario analyses comparing over 15,000 parameter combinations reveal that communication of invasive threat to farms neighbouring known infestations significantly reduces the management efficacy (farm-scale eradication probability and spread reduction) required for successful containment. We use targeted simulation experiments to show how INApest() permits assessment of cross-border consequences of local management decisions, and the effect of communication between landowners on management success. INApest() has the potential to be used at multiple scales and to explore a wide range of management, global change and social scenarios
Taxonomy and distribution of three alien species of Senecio s.l. (Asteraceae) in Greece
No full textSenecio angulatus and S. tamoides (Asteraceae), two species native to South Africa and naturalized in Greece are described and illustrated by photographs. A third species Roldana petasitis (syn. Senecio petasitis) native to Central America is similarly treated. The flowers resemble each other but the plants differ most clearly in their leaves. In S. angulatus the leaves are truncate or cuneate at base, entire or shallowly lobed while in S. tamoides the leaves are hastate or cordate at base and acutely angular-lobed. Roldana petasitis differs in having Petasites-like leaves, densely pubescent stems and involucres without supplementary phyllaries. It is a first report for the alien Greek flora. Distribution, ecological and habitat notes are provided for all three species together with a map of known occurrences in Greece
Four new Planothidium species (Achnanthidiaceae, Bacillariophyceae) from the Karst region of Guizhou in China
No full textFour new species of monoraphid diatoms belonging to the genus Planothidium were studied and described from the karst region of Guizhou Province, China. The morphological characteristics of these new species were observed and documented using light and scanning electron microscopy. Planothidium pseudoreichardtii sp. nov. exhibits a broad sinus at the central area on the interior of the rapheless valve, linear shallow depressions and a unique enlarged areola at the end of the striae on the exterior rapheless valve. Planothidium liboensis sp. nov. is characterized by 4–5 rows striae on both valves, a cavum at the central area on the interior rapheless valve and irregular depressions on the exterior rapheless valve. Planothidium angustirostratum sp. nov. features elliptical valves with narrowly rostrate apices, a cavum at the central area of interior rapheless valve and circular depressions on the exterior rapheless valve. Planothidium maolanensis sp. nov. has elliptical valves without protracted apices, coarsely-spaced striae on the one side of the central area of the both valves. These four new species were compared with other similar Planothidium taxa. In addition, ecological information was provided and the stability of some features was discussed
Unveiling species diversity within early-diverging fungi from China IV: Four new species of Absidia (Cunninghamellaceae, Mucoromycota)
No full textTo investigate early-diverging fungi in soil from Yunnan Province, China, four novel species of the genus Absidia were discovered based on a combination of morphological characteristics, molecular evidence, and physiological features. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of SSU–ITS–LSU–Act–TEF1α sequences indicate that Absidia arrhiza sp. nov., A. simplex sp. nov., A. sphaerica sp. nov., and A. viridis sp. nov. are closely related to A. chinensis, A. panacisoli, A. medulla, and A. varians, respectively. A. arrhiza is named for the sparse presence of rhizoids. A. simplex refers to the simple branching of its sporangiophores. A. sphaerica is characterized by its spherical columellae. A. viridis is distinctive for its light green colony. These four new species are described and illustrated herein, and their phenotypic and genotypic differences from allied species are discussed
Outreach drawer collections and visual science communication enhance public engagement with native bee diversity in Colombia
No full textScientific research is often confined to academic circles, limiting public awareness of critical discoveries. This document highlights the transformative impact of science communication through an entomological exhibition accompanied by a visual infographic in a rural museum in La Tatacoa, municipality of Villavieja, Huila, Colombia. Based on an undergraduate research project on native bee diversity in the region, a collaborative initiative led to the creation of a small bee exhibition at the Tatacoa Natural History Museum. Despite initial skepticism regarding the presence of more than 110 bee species in this arid ecosystem, the exhibition effectively captured public interest. Following its publication on social media, the exhibition went viral, significantly increasing awareness of local biodiversity. The initiative also became a valuable educational tool, fostering environmental engagement among local students and inspiring conservation efforts. The subsequent renovation of the museum further enhanced public appreciation of regional biodiversity. This case study underscores the impact of accessible science communication in bridging the gap between academic research and societal awareness, demonstrating that visual and interactive formats can foster greater public engagement with conservation and biodiversity