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Obstructive Sleep Apnea – Current State of Knowledge, Impact on Work Productivity and Treatment Methods
Full text linkIntroduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition characterized by repetitive episodes of narrowing or complete closure of the upper respiratory tract during sleep, leading to sleep disruption and lowering of blood oxygen levels. OSA is the most common sleep breathing disorder that impacts many facets of health-related quality of life and increases risk of comorbidities. At a societal level, OSA leads to a reduced productivity levels caused by impaired cognitive functions and absenteeism and an increased risk of motor vehicle accidents.
Purpose of research: This review provides a comprehensive overview on current state of knowledge regarding OSA, its impact on work economics and available treatment.
Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature review based on publicly available Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed databases from 2010 to 2024 using the following phases: “obstructive sleep apnea”, “daytime sleepiness”, “absenteeism in obstructive sleep apnea”, “economic costs of obstructive sleep apnea”, “treatment of obstructive sleep apnea”.
Results and conclusions: Obstructive sleep apnea is becoming an increasingly common disorder contributing to a number of comorbidities, as well as negatively affecting work productivity and economics. The link between OSA and motor vehicle accidents highlights the importance of screening tests for OSA, especially among the population of professional drivers. Existing treatment methods, especially CPAP treatment, help alleviate OSA symptoms as well as its negative impact on work productivity, which makes it crucial for improving quality of life of patients suffering from OSA
The Role of Naltrexone-Bupropion in Obesity Management: Current State of Knowledge
Full text linkIntroduction: Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation, leading to significant health risks and numerous comorbidities. Its rising global prevalence demands effective management strategies1.
The aim of the study: This article examines the role of combined naltrexone-bupropion therapy in obesity treatment. It focuses on its indications, mechanism of action, efficacy in weight management, safety profile, and potential side effects.
Material and methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, MedRxiv, and Scopus. The review included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case reports assessing the pharmacotherapy of obesity with naltrexone-bupropion.
Summary of current knowledge: Pharmacotherapy is recommended alongside lifestyle modifications for obesity management. Naltrexone-bupropion works by targeting both hypothalamic appetite control and the mesolimbic reward system, leading to significant weight loss in clinical studies. However, its use is often accompanied by mild to moderate adverse effects, such as nausea and headaches.
Conclusions: Obesity requires a multifaceted treatment approach. Naltrexone-bupropion offers a promising adjunct to diet and exercise but long-term safety and individualized treatment strategies need further investigation
Analysis of the Mechanism of Smart Sports Services in School Physical Education and Student Physical Health
Full text linkWith the rapid development of information technology, smart sports have emerged as a new form of support and service for school physical education and student physical health. This study adopts literature review and logical analysis methods to explore the connotations, categories, basic elements, and mechanisms of smart sports services for school physical education and student physical health. The study points out that: (1) Smart sports services refer to efforts aimed at improving the quality and effectiveness of school physical education through the application of information technology, achieving the organic integration of student physical health and school physical education, and providing personalized and precise sports services. (2) Smart sports services in school physical education include four categories: data collection and analysis, teaching assistance and management, sports resource sharing and exchange, and health management and services. (3) The basic elements of smart sports services for school physical education and student physical health include policies, technology, and the practical needs of school physical education development, where policies provide support and guidance for smart sports services, technology serves as the foundation of these services, and the practical needs of school physical education development act as the motivation for the services. (4) The process of smart sports services for school physical education and student physical health involves data collection and analysis, personalized diagnosis and customized plans, service tracking and monitoring, personalized feedback and incentives, and effect evaluation and improvement. (5) The inherent mechanism of the service is to facilitate convenient and intelligent school physical education management, promote accurate and enjoyable sports teaching, ensure fairness and efficiency in school physical education exams, and empower students' physical exercise to be personalized and proactive
Pelvic floor dysfunctions in female athletes
Full text linkPelvic floor dysfunctions (PFD) consists of disorders that involve urinary incontinence (UI), anorectal dysfunction, pelvic organ prolapse (POP), sexual dysfunction and pelvic pain. While physical activity benefits overall health, high-impact and strenuous exercise may contribute to PFD due to increased intra-abdominal pressure. This study examined PFD prevalence in female athletes and their knowledge of the condition. The prevalence of UI is significantly higher in female athletes compared to the general population, with high-impact sports such as gymnastics, basketball, and volleyball demonstrating the greatest risk. Anorectal dysfunction is less studied but appears more prevalent in endurance and high-intensity athletes. POP remains underexplored, though some studies suggest sports do not worsen the symptoms. Additionally, sexual dysfunction, particularly dyspareunia, is common but poorly understood among athletes. Despite the high prevalence of PFD, knowledge among sportswomen remains limited, with misconceptions contributing to reluctance in seeking medical care. There is a pressing need for educational interventions to improve awareness of PFD in female athletes. Additionally, the implementation of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) has shown promise in preventing and managing UI. Future research should expand beyond UI and particularly include sexual health and anorectal dysfunction, to ensure comprehensive care for female athletes
The Role of Glutamine in Muscle Regeneration and Recovery: A Literature Review
Full text linkPurpose: The purpose of this review is to analise current scientific literature regarding the impact of glutamine supplementation on muscle repair, post-exercise recovery, and skeletal muscle preservation. It also examines the biological pathways through which glutamine may exert its effects, including modulation of inflammation and enhancement of protein turnover.
Methodology: A review of scientific literature was performed, focusing on studies investigating the effects of glutamine supplementation on skeletal muscle recovery and function. The review includes experimental studies, clinical trials, and narrative reviews involving both athletic and clinical populations, with attention to various training conditions, health statuses, and supplementation strategies.
Findings: The evidence indicates that glutamine can support recovery processes by mitigating muscle inflammation, improving redox balance, and promoting anabolic signalling. However, the degree of effectiveness varies, with more pronounced benefits observed in clinical and stress-related conditions compared to healthy individuals. The influence of dosage, supplementation timing, and individual variability remains a key consideration.
Conclusions: Glutamine shows potential as a supportive agent in muscle regeneration, particularly in contexts of physical stress, illness, or injury. Further studies are needed to define its role in athletic, healthy populations and to optimize administration strategies based on individual needs and health status
Synergistic modulation of gut microbiota and mindfulness-based interventions in schizophrenia: Integrating neurotransmitter regulation and multimodal therapeutic strategies
Full text linkThis review explores an innovative, integrative therapeutic approach that combines probiotics, prebiotics, and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) to target the dysregulation of the gut–brain axis in schizophrenia. The rationale for this combined strategy is rooted in the overlapping mechanisms by which both biological and psychosocial interventions influence neurophysiological processes. Probiotics and prebiotics are shown to rebalance the gut microbiota, thereby enhancing the synthesis of key neurotransmitters—such as serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and dopamine—and reducing systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. In parallel, MBIs, including Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), promote improvements in emotional regulation, cognitive function, and neuroplasticity through the modulation of neurophysiological pathways, notably by attenuating amygdala reactivity and heightening prefrontal cortex engagement.
Viewing these interventions through the unifying lens of the gut–brain axis presents a promising paradigm: both modalities may exert synergistic effects to support the management of persistent symptoms of schizophrenia and complement existing therapeutic approaches. By converging on shared biological and psychosocial pathways, this integrative model could offer a more comprehensive strategy for addressing the multifaceted challenges of schizophrenia. While preliminary evidence is encouraging, further controlled clinical studies are essential to determine optimal treatment protocols and to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which these therapies interact to enhance patient outcomes
Epilepsy in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Full text linkIntroduction and aim of the study: Epilepsy is one of the most common disorders in children with cerebral palsy. In addition, due to the variety of symptoms and the possibility of co-occurrence with other disorders, it is often difficult to diagnose. This article presents the epidemiology, pathophysiology, seizure classification, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy in patients with CP. In addition, the psychosocial aspect of epilepsy is taken into account and the issue of SUDEP, or sudden unexpected death associated with epilepsy, is presented. The purpose of the study is to show an overview of the current state of knowledge about epilepsy in children with CP.
Materials and methods: The paper analyzes studies in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and other scientific databases. Clinical studies, preclinical studies, and review papers on the incidence of epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy were searched.
Conclusions: Epilepsy in children with CP is a challenging and important clinical problem. Effective diagnosis, appropriate selection of medications, and subsequent monitoring of treatment are important. In addition, to improve the quality of life and functioning of patients, it is worthwhile to educate parents and caregivers, as well as provide psychological care. In the treatment of children with CP and epilepsy, the cooperation of many specialists such as neurologists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and psychologists is crucial. Further research is needed not only on pathophysiology but also on new therapeutic solutions, which will contribute to an even more individualized approach to patients with CP and epilepsy.
 
The role of physical activity during pregnancy and its impact on the course of labour and labor outcomes - a review of literature
Full text linkIntroduction: Pregnancy is a transformative stage in a woman’s life, often accompanied by questions and concerns about the safety of both the mother and the developing child. Key aspects of daily life, including physical activity, diet, and work, are frequently scrutinized, with many misconceptions persisting about what constitutes a healthy pregnancy. However, scientific evidence consistently demonstrates that an active and healthy pregnancy benefits both maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Aim of the study: This study aims to synthesize current knowledge on the role of physical activity during pregnancy and its impact on labor outcomes. By reviewing recent research, we seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the benefits of physical activity, address barriers to exercise during pregnancy, and highlight evidence-based recommendations. The goal is to raise awareness among healthcare providers and pregnant women about the importance of incorporating physical activity into prenatal care.
Materials and methods: This study incorporated evidence from peer-reviewed articles, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials. Over 55 studies, available on PubMed and Google Scholar were analysed and critically reviewed to create a comprehensive overview of the topic.
Conclusion:
Physical activity during pregnancy is a vital component of prenatal care that promotes maternal and neonatal well-being. Regular exercise reduces the likelihood of pregnancy complications and improves delivery outcomes. Additionally, it offers long-term benefits for neonatal development. While current guidelines provide a general framework for exercise during pregnancy, personalized recommendations tailored to individual needs are essential to maximize safety and efficacy. This research emphasizes the importance of raising awareness among healthcare providers and pregnant women about the critical role of physical activity in improving health outcomes during pregnancy and beyond
Modern Approaches to Obesity Treatment – literature review
Full text linkAbstract
Introduction and Purpose:
Obesity constitutes a complex health issue of an epidemiological nature, affecting an increasing number of individuals globally. It is associated with numerous health complications, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, as well as mental health disorders and a reduced quality of life. The treatment of obesity is a multifaceted process that should encompass lifestyle modifications such as dietary improvement, enhanced physical activity, and psychological support. In certain cases—depending on the severity of obesity and the presence of comorbid conditions—it may become necessary to implement pharmacotherapy or surgical interventions, such as bariatric procedures. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the condition of obesity and its underlying causes. Furthermore, the epidemiology of the phenomenon is presented. The primary focus, however, is placed on the available pharmacological solutions that may assist in combating obesity.
Summary:
At present, alongside the modification of dietary habits and the enhancement of physical activity, the use of pharmacological agents is becoming an increasingly significant component of obesity therapy. These medications primarily contribute to the reduction of appetite and the limitation of fat absorption, thereby supporting the overall effectiveness of the treatment process.
 
Phytotherapy: The Significance and Application of Selected Medicinal Plants in Modern Medicine
Full text linkIntroduction: Phytotherapy, the field focused on utilizing medicinal plants for the prevention and treatment of diseases, plays a crucial role in a sustainable approach to healthcare. In the context of growing interest in natural therapies, attention is increasingly directed toward species such as Urtica dioica (common nettle), Berberis vulgaris (common barberry), and Withania somnifera (common ashwagandha). These plants, renowned for their richness in active compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, and withanolides, offer a wide range of therapeutic effects.
This paper examines the role of these species in modern medicine, highlighting their importance in the treatment and prevention of chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. It discusses their unique biochemical properties, mechanisms of action, and evidence of efficacy gathered through clinical studies. With advanced extraction techniques and phytochemical analysis, the pharmacological potential of these plants has been thoroughly explored, opening up new possibilities for integrating natural ingredients into holistic healthcare approaches. Phytotherapy based on these plants reflects not only their centuries-old tradition but also their growing importance in contemporary, sustainable medicine.
Aim of study: The aim of this scientific paper is to summarize the available knowledge on the significance and application of various medicinal plants used in modern medicine. Particular emphasis has been placed on their impact on metabolic syndrome, obesity, as well as the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal systems.
Material and methods: The literature available in PubMed, and the Google Scholar database was reviewed using the following keywords: ,,phytotherapy’’; ,,herbal therapy’’; ,,botanical characteristics”; ,,medicinal plants”; ,,utrica dioica”; ,,berberine”; ,,barberis vulgaris”; “withania somnifera