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When pulmonary embolism is not an obvious diagnosis - pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and a review of the most unusual cases
Get PDFIntroduction: This review paper aims to emphasize how pulmonary embolism is a seriously life-threatening disease entity, point out risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic trails, treatment and prove that a diagnosis, specifically aimed at embolism is often not obvious in given clinical cases.
Materials and methods: A review of chosen literature in the PubMed database was conducted, using the following keywords: ,, pulmonary embolism”, ,,vein thrombosis’’, ,,thrombosis risk factors”, ,,anticoagulation”.
Summary: Pulmonary embolism is a dangerous disease that can lead to serious complications and death, if not properly diagnosed and treated. Proper diagnosis is crucial, as symptoms can be uncharacteristic and embolism can occur in a variety of configurations. Prompt implementation of treatment, including the use of anticoagulants, as well as appropriate medical care, can significantly improve patients' prognosis.
Conclusions: Lesser-known risk factors for pulmonary embolism include sepsis, urinary retention, hematologic, rheumatic and endocrine diseases, organ transplants, treatment with bone cement or tranexamic acid. It is important to conduct diagnostic testing for pulmonary embolism when characteristic symptoms occur and introduce appropriate therapy as well as thromboprophylaxis depending on the patient's risk and clinical condition
Media: The driving force behind the expansion of sporting events
No full textThis article analyzes and examines the unique role of the media in promoting and expanding sporting events. As an effective tool for informing and branding, the media is able to attract public attention to sporting events with comprehensive and continuous coverage and strengthen the international competitive atmosphere. In this study, the impact of the media in three stages has been examined: before the event, during the event, and after it. The results show that the media can contribute to the prosperity and dynamism of sporting events by creating awareness, audience participation, and targeted advertising. In addition, the media, by turning sporting events into a global and local issue, increases cultural and economic interactions between nations. Also, the media, by using their own strategies, can contribute to the sustainable development of sports and enhance the audience experience of these events. Finally, the article concludes that the media acts not only as a means of information dissemination, but also as a fundamental driver in the success and sustainability of sporting events at the global and national levels.
 
Aspartame in the Diet: A Contribution to the Debate on Safety and Health Impact
Get PDFIntroduction
Global sugar consumption remains at alarmingly high levels, far exceeding World Health Organization recommendations. This raises the question of whether sweeteners, as low-sugar substitutes, can become a key solution to help people switch to healthier alternatives. WHO guidelines suggest limiting free sugars to less than 10% of daily energy intake, with further benefits for reducing it to below 5%. Such changes can improve overall health and reduce the risk of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Among many sugar substitutes, aspartame is one of the most widely used synthetic sweeteners.
Purpose
The purpose of this article is to review the health effects of aspartame, focusing on its safety, cancer risk, impact on metabolism, obesity, diabetes, and other long-term effects. This paper aims to present scientific evidence on aspartame’s safety, including studies supporting its use and those raising concerns. It also discusses potential risks, especially for individuals with phenylketonuria, and provides expert recommendations for its consumption.
Conclusion
Aspartame, a widely used sugar substitute, has caused controversy due to concerns about its long-term health effects, such as potential cancer and neurodegenerative risks. However, most health organizations consider aspartame safe when consumed in moderation. Despite some studies linking it to health issues, there is insufficient evidence to confirm these risks in humans. People with phenylketonuria should avoid aspartame, but for most, it is safe within recommended daily intake limits.
Materials and methods: Our review is based on an analysis of material collected in 'Pubmed', 'Google Scholar' and other scientific articles using the keywords: aspartame, aspartame safety, aspartame controversy
Comprehensive Overview - Outcomes and Challenges of Bariatric Surgery - Physical, Psychological and Nutritional Considerations
Get PDFObesity, defined by excessive and abnormal body fat accumulation, leads to various health conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers, significantly affecting the health and increasing the risk of mortality. Bariatric surgery offers a treatment for severe obesity, with restrictive and malabsorptive methods like sleeve gastrectomy (SG), adjustable gastric banding (AGB), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), biliopancreatic diversion (BPD). While bariatric surgery is effective for weight loss and health improvement, it is not without complications. Postoperative challenges include surgical complications, bone loss, nutritional deficiencies and changes in metabolism. Post-bariatric surgery patients may face psychological challenges such as emotional dysregulation, eating disorders like loss of control eating or binge eating, and body image concerns related to excess skin. This article explores the various impacts of bariatric surgery, addressing both physical and psychological challenges. It emphasizes the importance of holistic patient care, considering both physical outcomes and mental health post-surgery, to ensure long-term success.
Materials and methodsThe article is a result of the review of the scientific literature searched by keywords “bariatric surgery”, “negative outcomes”, “obesity’’ available in Pubmed database. This overview does not cover all possible postoperative complications in bariatric surgery, but focuses on selected issues important for a comprehensive strategy for managing obesity.
Aim of the studyThe aim of the study is to review the various complications and long-term effects of bariatric surgery, with a particular focus on specific issues that are important for a holistic approach to obesity treatment
Animal-Assisted Interventions: A Literature Review on Diverse Applications of Animal-Assisted Interventions in selected medical entities in different age groups
Get PDFThis literature review examines the therapeutic role of Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAIs) in promoting physical and mental well-being for diverse populations. AAIs have shown positive impacts on children and adults, benefiting individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders as well as ex-military personnel. The review emphasizes the growing support for AAIs, extending beyond traditional therapy and reaching diverse groups. Numerous studies back up the favorable effects of animal-assisted treatments on children's social connections, academic progress, and emotional and physical health
Myopia as a problem of the modern world. Methods of treatment and prevention
Get PDFIntroduction and objective
Sight is one of the most important human senses, which enables proper coordination of the entire body. Short-sightedness is increasingly being called the “scourge” of our time. Prognosis in early 2024 predict that people with myopia problems may represent as much as 35% of humanity. In the research, we want to present the possibilities of treating and preventing short-sightedness, collect those that seem most relevant and effective against the background of today's knowledge.
Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge
Short-sightedness (myopia) is a visual defect in which light rays do not focus properly on the retina, but in front of it. Among the methods of treating and slowing down the progression of myopia, we can identify environmental, pharmacological, optical and surgical methods. Intracular lenses and soft contact lenses are the most frequently used forms of correction. However, at high values of the defect, they may not be effective enough. The choice in such situation is hard contact lenses, which are not always well tolerated by patients. Among the methods confirmed by numerous studies of slowing the progression of myopia still include atropine and orthocorrection. More innovative techniques include DIMS lenses, HAL and red light therapy. However, they require more research to confirm their long-term effectiveness and safety.
Summary
In recent years, myopia has become a worldwide problem. Promising results are provided by recent studies on HAL spectacle lenses, DIMS, MiSight contact lenses and RLRL. Thanks to the large number of treatment methods, the doctor can adjust the treatment that seems to be best for the patient. The development of current therapies, as well as an appropriate lifestyle, are important aspects for the treatment of myopia
The Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Lung Cancer: A Review of Therapeutic Methods and Effects
Get PDFIntroduction
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with rising cases and mortality. In 2022, there were 2.48 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths globally. The primary risk factor is tobacco smoking, though genetic factors, pollution, and other exposures also contribute. Lung cancer is divided into Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), which includes adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large-cell carcinoma; and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC), characterized by rapid growth, early metastatic spread and greater chemosensitivity in comparison to NSCLC. Treatment depends on the cancer type and stage, with surgery and radiotherapy being treatment of choice for NSCLC and chemoradiotherapy for SCLC.
Materials and methods
This article is the result of the review of the scientific literature available in PubMed database using keywords: “Lung Cancer”, “Radiotherapy”, “Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer”; “Small Cell Lung Cancer”
Aim of study
The aim of the study is to summarize available knowledge about various methods of treatment of lung cancer by means of radiation therapy and its diverse techniques. The epidemiology, etiology, staging and methods of treatment were summarized and described. Modern radiotherapy techniques for treating lung cancer have also been included.
Conclusions
For NSCLC, modern techniques like stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT/SABR) provide surgical-level effectiveness in early stages with reduced toxicity, while concurrent chemoradiotherapy is optimal for inoperable stage III disease. Palliative radiotherapy remains vital for symptom relief in advanced stages. For SCLC, concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the standard for limited-stage disease, while prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) and thoracic radiotherapy improve survival in extensive-stage cases responding to chemotherapy
Therapeutic Potential of 1,8-Cineole in Respiratory Diseases with a Focus on Asthma, Sinusitis, and Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFIntroductionRespiratory diseases, such as chronic sinusitis, asthma, and URTIs, are among the leading global health burdens, affecting tens of millions of people every year. These conditions often involve chronic inflammation, impaired mucociliary function, and obstruction of the airways, leading to deteriorating respiratory health.
The natural compound 1,8-cineole is a monoterpene present in eucalyptus oil and has received attention in recent times as an alternative therapeutic agent for respiratory diseases. Its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, mucolytic, bronchodilatory, antiviral, and antimicrobial effects may be beneficial in the management of these diseases. Clinical evidence has shown that 1,8-cineole provides symptom relief, improves lung function, and enhances quality of life, particularly in patients with COPD, asthma, and chronic sinusitis. Besides, due to its good safety profile and minimal side effects, it represents a very attractive adjunctive treatment option.
MethodsThis review synthesizes both classic and contemporary research findings on the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and safety profile of 1,8-cineole. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across peer-reviewed journals to provide a balanced and evidence-based overview.
ResultsEvidence indicates that 1,8-cineole effectively modulates inflammatory pathways by inhibiting cytokine release and suppressing arachidonic acid metabolism. Clinical trials demonstrate its efficacy in reducing symptoms of chronic sinusitis, improving pulmonary function in asthma, and alleviating symptoms in URTIs. Safety data support its tolerability, with mild gastrointestinal discomfort reported in rare cases.
Conclusion1,8-Cineole represents a promising alternative or adjunctive treatment for inflammatory respiratory conditions. Future research should focus on optimizing delivery methods and investigating its synergistic potential with existing therapies
Hormonal Contraceptives and Athletic Outcomes - analysis of potential effects of oral contraceptives on strength, endurance, mood, and overall competitive results
Get PDFIntroduction
Hormonal contraceptives, particularly oral contraceptives (OC), are commonly used by female athletes to regulate menstrual cycles, manage hormonal fluctuations, and prevent unwanted pregnancies. With an increasing number of women competing at elite levels, a central question emerges: can OC use influence key aspects of performance—such as strength, endurance, and mood stability—and thereby affect competitive outcomes?
Analysis of the Literature
Findings regarding the impact of OC on athletic outcomes remain inconsistent. Some investigators report slight reductions in muscle strength and cardiorespiratory capacity, possibly linked to hormonal shifts or metabolic alterations. Others note minimal or negligible changes, pointing to variables such as training volume, sport-specific demands, and the athlete’s inherent physiological profile. Additionally, certain studies underscore potential mood-related benefits, including more stable emotional states that might support training compliance. These varying conclusions highlight the multifactorial nature of OC use, emphasizing the importance of personalization and monitoring to capture individual responses.
Conclusions
Overall, the relationship between oral contraceptive use and athletic performance is complex and appears to be highly individualized. While some athletes may observe modest shifts in physical or psychological parameters, others remain largely unaffected. Further, well-controlled research is needed to clarify these effects, enabling more targeted guidance for both athletes and healthcare professionals
Association between sleep deprivation and fertility - a literature review
Get PDFInfertility gained increasing importance throughout our life period in this fast pacing world as increasingly more couples struggle to conceive. Taking into account the cost of fertility treatment there is a good strategy to look into less high-priced options on increasing conception possibilities. In this article we are going to focus on one of them which is sleep. Sleeping hygiene is neglected by many of us as only 8% of polish population rate their sleeping as satisfactory. There are primary matters for instance regular sleep hours, sustaining a healthy diet to make a tremendous change in our mental and as well reproductive health. In the male population deprived sleep is blamed for lower sperm motility, as well as concentration, total count. There is a probability that Leydig cells function and count, cortisol secretion and testosterone levels can be affected but for now we have to conduct more research to rule it out or confirm. For women on the other hand sleep depravation produces a huge hormonal dysregulation. Temporarily the impact of sleep depravation is being inconsistent about estradiol, prolactin and melatonin. This article presents a meticulously collected date which shows the connection between sleep and punctuate need for further research