Indian Journal Of Clinical Practice
Not a member yet
747 research outputs found
Sort by
Clinicoepidemiological Profile and Micronutrient Deficiencies in Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition
Get PDFIntroduction: Malnutrition is widely prevalent in developing countries and is considered a common denominatorin infant and under-5 mortalities. Most child deaths are associated with inappropriate feeding practices and specificmicronutrient deficiencies during the first year of life. There is a lack of data about severe acute malnutrition (SAM) andspecific micronutrient deficiencies in India; hence, the present study was conducted to study the iron profile, includingfolic acid, and vitamin B12 levels and their correlation with the clinicoepidemiological profile of children with SAM.Materials and methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 95 children with SAM, aged 6 months to 5 years.A predesigned structured proforma was used to collect information. Data concerning clinical examination and history givenby the mother and a reliable attendant was collected. The quantitative data were expressed as mean and standard deviationand qualitative data as percentage and proportion. The difference in proportion was analyzed by the Chi-square test andthe difference in means was analyzed by ANOVA. P-value <0.05 was taken as significant. All calculations were done byMicrosoft Excel, Primer. SPSS Software [version 21] was used for doing statistical analysis. Results: In the present study,a total of 95 SAM patients were included with mean age 19.74 months and an F:M ratio of 1.2:1. Weight-for-height wasfound to be the most reliable criterion to identify children with SAM (78.95%). Edema was present in 18 (18.95%) patients.Around 68.42% of patients had mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) <11.5 cm; 25.26% of children were found completelyimmunized, remaining 74.74% were either partially immunized or unimmunized. According to the Kuppuswamy scale forthe socioeconomic class, more than two-thirds of the parents belonged to the upper-lower class. About 44.21% of childrenreceived exclusive breastfeeding till 6 months of age, while complementary feeding was started in only 25.26% of childrenat 6 months of age. Anemia was present in 93 children with a prevalence of 97.89%. Of these, 30 patients had vitamin B12deficiency anemia, 20 patients had iron deficiency anemia, and 6 patients had folate deficiency anemia. Conclusions: Severeacute malnutrition is an important preventable and treatable cause of morbidity and mortality in children below 5 years ofage in India. Although malnutrition is highly prevalent in Indian children, there are very limited data that use biochemicalindexes to characterize the epidemiology of micronutrient deficiencies in children with SAM. A detailed understanding ofmicronutrient deficiencies and clinical and epidemiological profile of children may help in micronutrient supplementationand fortification programs and targeting the basic causes of pediatric mortalities
Unravelling the Complexities of Diabetic Behavior: A Multifaceted Exploration of Psychological, Behavioral, and Societal Factors
Get PDFDiabetes management is a complex process influenced by various behavioral factors, which are crucial for developing effectiveinterventions that promote optimal disease management and improve patient outcomes. This article explores the diversebehavioral manifestations associated with diabetes, shedding light on the psychological, physiological, and societal factorsthat underpin this complex interplay. Utilizing the mnemonics "DIABETES" and "DISTORTION", we interpret the behavioraldimensions of diabetes, emphasizing the need for holistic approaches addressing both physical and mental health. Ourexploration reveals that diabetic behavior is shaped by a range of factors, including depression, impulsivity, anxiety, bingeeating, emotional dysregulation, externalizing problems, somatic symptoms, sleep problems, substance abuse, denial, insulinstigma, suppression, taboo, oppositional behavior, resistance to therapy, template thinking, imitative behavior, oppression,and negativism. These factors interact and influence one another, resulting in a complex web of behavioral challenges thathinder effective diabetes management. By unravelling the underlying psychopathology and cognitive distortions that shapediabetic behavior, we can develop more personalized, holistic, and culturally sensitive approaches to diabetes care. Thearticle highlights the need for integrated interventions that address the psychological, social, and cultural determinants ofhealth, promote patient empowerment, and foster a proactive approach to diabetes management. Ultimately, this multifacetedexploration of diabetic behavior can inform the development of innovative strategies that improve health outcomes, enhancequality of life, and reduce the burden of diabetes on individuals and society
Post-Traumatic Renal Artery Pseudoaneurysm Managed Successfully with Angioembolization
Get PDFRenal artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication of blunt renal trauma. Super-selective angioembolization is aminimally invasive, effective procedure to manage traumatic renal artery pseudoaneurysm, in patients who are hemodynamicallystable. We report our experience in the management of patients with post-traumatic bleeding pseudoaneurysm withangioembolization. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the inpatient and outpatient records and imagingdata of our hospital, of all patients with history of blunt injury to kidneys, admitted with massive hematuria and underwentangioembolization to control the bleeding. Results: During the study period, 3 patients (all male) with a mean age of 26.66 yearspresented to us with blunt injury abdomen. Contrast computed tomography (CT) revealed Grade IV renal injury in 2 patientsand Grade V injury in 1 patient. Focal intensively enhancing areas were noted at the site of renal parenchymal lacerationssuggestive of pseudoaneurysms. Super-selective catheterization was performed and embolization done using 50% N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) + Lipiodol. Conclusions: Angioembolization, a radiographic intervention, is an effective and minimallyinvasive technique to stop active bleeding from renal artery pseudoaneurysms
Retinal Vascular Changes in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus A2: A Cross-sectional Study
Get PDFDiabetes complicates a significant proportion of pregnancies, with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) posing a considerablehealth concern. While the incidence of GDM is rising, its implications extend beyond pregnancy, affecting both maternaland fetal health. Notably, diabetic retinopathy (DR) presents a substantial risk, particularly in women with pre-existingdiabetes. However, there remains a dearth of data on retinal vascular changes in pregnant women with GDM managed withmedication, particularly in the South Indian population. This study aims to address this gap by evaluating retinal vascularchanges in pregnant women with GDM managed with medication, focusing specifically on GDM type A2. We conducted acomprehensive assessment of retinopathy prevalence and associated factors in this population, employing various imagingmodalities including fundus photography, optical coherence tomography angiography and Doppler sonograph
Study of Resilience in Female College Adolescents and Young Adults: Tough Times Don’t Last, Tough People Do
Get PDFThis study is part of a multicentric youth project conducted by Association of Adolescent and Child Care in India (AACCI).We examined resilience and its association with demographic variables like age, sibling status, academic course, engagementin extracurricular activities, perceived internet/social media usage and dependence, substance use and perception of controlover one’s life. We used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 17- to 21-year-old female college students from Delhi. Wefound that students who perceived control over their lives had high total scores on resilience measures. Students who usedsocial media had higher total and relational resilience than those who did not use social media. Students who did notuse social media had higher individual resilience. Those who did not see themselves as dependent on social media hadhigher total resilience and relational resilience. Those who did not see themselves as dependent on the internet had higherrelational resilience. There were no significant relationships between resilience and the other demographic variables. Resultsfrom the current study shed light on factors contributing to resilience among adolescents. We can use these findings todevelop training programs that promote adolescent well-bein
Innovative Urinals with Proteinuria Detection: A Potential Screening Tool for Diabetic Kidney Disease
Get PDFChronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a considerable health challenge, particularly in populations with high-risk factorssuch as diabetes and hypertension. This article proposes a novel and cost-effective approach to address this concern byintegrating proteinuria detection technology into urinals. We suggest the installation of these innovative ‘smart’ urinals inhomes of individuals with diabetes, offering a convenient and proactive means of monitoring kidney health. Furthermore,the deployment of such ‘smart’ urinals in public places could serve as accessible screening facilities, enabling early detectionof CKD in a broader population. The potential cost-benefit ratio of this approach is highlighted, emphasizing the long-termeconomic benefits associated with early intervention. We argue that the proposed technology has the potential to revolutionizeCKD screening, providing a valuable tool for individuals at risk and contributing to the global effort to mitigate the impactof CKD on public health. Further research and pilot programs are warranted to explore the feasibility and effectiveness ofthis innovative screening strateg
Pattern of Glomerulonephritis in Nigeria and Challenges Faced in Treating It
Get PDFGlomerulonephritis is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease in Nigeria. The pattern of glomerulonephritisis said to be different from other parts of the world which can be attributed to the prevalence of APOL1 gene in the blackpopulation and prevalence of tropical diseases. Treating glomerulonephritis in Nigeria can be challenging due to poorawareness and understanding of the disease, limited access to health care facility and lack of trained nephrologist. Possiblesolutions to this problems include creating awareness and education of the populace, partnering with NGOs to subsidizetreatment and training of Nephrologist