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The impact of natural disasters on social capital:An analysis of ingroup and outgroup trust
No full textAlthough conventional wisdom suggests that natural disasters tear down trust between people, this is not necessarily true for all forms of social trust. This study theoretically distinguishes between trust towards individuals within one’s “ingroup” and trust towards individuals outside of the ingroup, or “outgroup.” I argue that the scarcity induced by natural disasters increases people’s fear of and hostility towards outgroup members but simultaneously increases benevolence towards and willingness to cooperate with fellow ingroup members. Multilevel analysis of data for more than 150,000 individuals from 82 countries indicates that ingroup trust tends to increase after a disaster, whereas the effect on outgroup trust is less clear, with some non-robust evidence of a negative relationship. The results are not affected by reverse causality, but the impact of disasters on trust appears to be temporary. This paper underscores the importance of comprehending people’s reactions to natural disasters, as a lack of knowledge in this area can result in poorly planned and executed responses, exacerbating the already damaging impact of these events
Acute mental health-caregivers speaking about Meaning in Life when assessing suicidality: a qualitative study
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Who is disabled? On whether the functional definition of disability targets the same individuals as the subjective definition
No full textWith the increased attention to disability as a vulnerability criterion in the Sustainable Development Goals, international organizations and NGOs within the international development sector have started to pay explicit attention to persons with disabilities, including the collection of data on persons with disabilities. The Washington Group Short Set of Questions, which focuses on functional limitations, has been gaining popularity as an assessment tool for disability. This set of questions reflects a categorization of disability that does not necessarily correspond with subjective disability assessments, such as the yes/no question (“do you have a disability?”) which many development actors have used in their assessment tools when they collect disability data This study compares the subjective and the functional limitations assessment tools for disability to answer the question: do they identify the same individuals as persons with disabilities? Based on a survey carried out amongst persons with disabilities in Cambodia, we included both the Washington Group Short Set and a subjective question asking respondents to self-identify their disability type. We find that, although all respondents self-identified as disabled, not all respondents would be considered disabled according to the Washington Group Short Set of questions. In addition, there is little overlap between specific disability types according to a subjective classification method and the domains of functioning measured through the Washington Group methodology. Our findings affirm that categorization as abled or disabled depends on the tool used. This is important, as the assessment approach chosen by those collecting disability data can shape the design choices of policies and programs, and determine who benefits
Siblings of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities:Quality of life perceptions from Catalonia
No full textSiblings' interactions and shared experiences influence their perceptions of quality of life. Recently, research about siblings of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities has been significantly expanded but data from Southern European countries is still missing. This research was carried out in Catalonia (northeast Spain) a region in the Mediterranean area with its own shared culture, language and traditions that equally embraces an important diversity of ethnicities and cultures. The main aim was to collect siblings' perceptions on quality of life from siblings' own voices. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 siblings aged 5–11 years old and thematically analyzed using the following domains: joint activities; mutual understanding; private time; acceptance; forbearance; trust in well-being; exchanging experiences; social support; and dealing with the outside world. Siblings reported a variety of experiences in relation to having a brother or a sister with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), including unique characteristics of their quality of life perceptions. There were also some common factors amongst the siblings' experiences, such as the importance of being able to communicate properly with their brothers or sisters with I/DD. It emerged that having their own time with their parents was an important factor in their own development. This research echoes some siblings' beliefs that society needs to provide a conscious revision of values and ideas regarding disability. Implications for research and practice are described
Zowel de slachtoffers van misbruik als kerkelijke instituties hebben een rol in het herstel
No full textDwangarbeid en exploitatie binnen katholieke instituten heeft veel leed aangericht, bijvoorbeeld onder meisjes in instellingen van de Goede Herder. In het herstel van dit leed spelen behalve de slachtoffers ook de verantwoordelijke organisaties een rol, schrijft promovendus Naomi Ormskerk van de Universiteit voor Humanistiek in Utrecht
