Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment
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Studies on Ant-plant Interaction in a Tropical Mangroves: In Particular Rhizophora Mucronata and Avicennia Marina from Pondicherry Region, South India
Get PDFA short term field study was undertaken to understand ant-plant interaction in Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina of Pondicherry mangroves. Our study revealed that both tree species Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina of Pondicherry mangroves harbor rich and abundant ant fauna. A total of 10 species were recorded belonging to subfamilies Formicinae, Myrmicinae, Dolichoderinae and Pseudomyrmecinae during one season i.e. post monsoon. The abundance of ants was high in Avicennia marina with 9 species of ants and in compared with Rhizophora mucronata with only 7 species. Ants which were only found in Avicennia marina are Oecophylla smaragdina, Polyrchachis simplex, Camponotus sp. The foods for these ants are available as insects’ eggs, scale insects and carcasses of herbivorous insects. The nesting behavior of these ants is also documented. The mutualistic ant-mangrove plants interaction is quite obvious from the field observations and is recorded with relevant photographs from the study area
Industrial Application of Internet of Things
Get PDF‘Industrial application of Internet of Things deals with the application of Internet of things to produce industrial services. It analyzed how industries can carry out multiple services with function remotely using IoT-connected devices. The several benefits and drawbacks to the application of IoT services were also investigated. The IoT is a network of connected systems and smart devices that use encoded networks like sensors, processors, and interactive hardware to receive, send and store data. The utilization of IoT for industrial functions will significantly improve industrial output, and in the future, more industries will come to apply IoT devices and systems for greater efficiency.
 
Design and Development of Arsenic and Iron Removal Unit for Drinking Water: A Sustainable Approach in Environment
Get PDFThis study elucidated and attempted to design and development of arsenic and iron removal unit for drinking water. The process of reducing iron and arsenic from water has been experimented by developing a unit in the Department of Farm Structure at Bangladesh Agriculture University, Mymensingh. In order to test the performance of the developed unit, arsenic contaminated water with four different concentrations like 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mg/l were prepared in the laboratory and passed into the developed unit and the respective output concentrations were found to be 0.00, 0.01, 0.025 and 0.05 mg/l. The input and output concentrations of arsenic were tested in the chemical testing laboratory under the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh. Iron contaminated water were collected from four selected tube wells of local Mymensingh and were also passed into the developed unit with four input concentrations like 0.18, 0.1532, 0.179 and 0.133 mg/l and the respective output concentrations were found to be 0.10, 0.1021, 0.11 and 0.09 mg/l. The concentrations of Iron were tested in the chemical testing laboratory under the Soil Resource Development Institute, Dhaka. The results have revealed that iron and arsenic content brings to allowable limit. The developed unit has the capacity to remove Arsenic and Iron and help to eradicates hazardous problem of people
Toward Green Clouds: Sustainable Practices and Energy-Efficient Solutions in Cloud Computing
Get PDFThis article explores the imperative shift "Toward Green Clouds," investigating sustainable practices and energy-efficient solutions in cloud computing. Examining the environmental impact of traditional cloud infrastructures, the study identifies critical energy consumption patterns, carbon emissions, and resource depletion. Strategies for enhancing energy efficiency, including advanced cooling technologies, server virtualization, and renewable energy integration, are elucidated as pivotal components for mitigating environmental consequences. The article introduces conceptual frameworks rooted in ecological modernization and triple bottom line considerations, providing a structured roadmap for stakeholders. It underscores the significance of policy interventions, Green Cloud Certification Programs, and continuous improvement initiatives. The major findings highlight a transformative journey toward environmentally responsible cloud computing practices, emphasizing a balance between technological innovation and ecological stewardship for the realization of "Green Clouds.
Soil Phosphorus Fractions as Influenced by Different Cropping Systems: Direct and Indirect Effects of Soil properties on Different P Pools of Nitisols of Wolayta, Ethiopia
Get PDFData from 12 surface soils (0 – 15 cm depth)of three cropping systems (enset, maize and grazing land) and path analysis was used to evaluate effects of soil properties: pH, texture (Clay, silt and sand) , organic carbon (OC) cation exchange capacity (CEC),citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate (CDB) extractable Fe and Al (Fed and Ald) on total phosphorous (Pt), organic phosphorous (Po), Olsen P (Available P) and Chang and Jackson (1957) inorganic phosphorous (Pi) fractions. Correlation analysis was performed to study the relationships between soil properties and different soil P pools while path analysis model was used to evaluate direct and indirect effect of these soil properties on the P pools. Only soil properties that significantly contribute to the fit of the model were used. High significant values of coefficient of determination (R2) and low values of uncorrelated residual (U) values indicate the path analysis model explains most of the variations in soil Pt, Po, Olsen-P, Saloid-P, Ca-P, Al-P, and Fe-P pools. Soil pH had significantly high and positive direct effect (D = 0.618*) on Pt, (D = 1.044***) on saloid P, and (D = 1.109***) on Fe-P with modest and negative indirect effect (D= -0.478 and -0.405) on saloid P and Fe-P, respectively, through OC. The direct effect of clay on Ca-P, Al-P and Fe-P (readily available P forms) was significant and negative with a relatively higher indirect effect on Fe-P through pH suggesting that clay is dominant soil property that influences readily available P pools in Nitisols of the study area. Fed had significant and negative direct effect (D = -0.430*) on Olsen available P with low negative indirect effect ( D = -0.154) through pH results in significant and negative correlation (r = -0.657*). The significant and negative direct effect of Fed on Olsen P indicates that crystalline iron is the sink for available P. Relative influence of the soil properties on the soil P pools was in the order: pH > clay > Fed > OC. These results show that most of P pools of Nitisols of Wolayita are best predicted from pH, clay (texture), Fed and OC. On the other hand, our data also show that the inclusion of other soil variables is needed to fully predict Ca-P and stable P pools
International Best Practice for Emissions and Fuel Standards: Implementation Possibilities for ASEAN
Get PDFThis paper assesses the role that both vehicle emissions and fuel standards can play in moderating the projected increase in emission of pollutants from the road transport sector of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries by adopting international best practice as it currently stands. It concludes that much could be done within ASEAN to align with international best practice in terms of vehicle emission regulations in the transport sector. In addition, exploring alternative fuels such as natural gas, ethanol, and biodiesel could also offer substantial benefits in reducing air pollutants and emissions in the short term as member countries develop their refining capabilities to produce ultra-low sulphur fuel. Until then, it is likely that vehicle emission regulations may be held back at the Euro III (3) level. Despite that limitation, improving existing motorcycle emission regulations could provide abatement possibilities, while also improving local ambient conditions. Recognizing that international best practice is limited for motorcycle emission regulations, ASEAN member countries could play a key role in drafting and possibly shaping such emission standards
The Economics of Deposit-Refund Systems: Exploring the Market-Based Environmental Policies to Sustain the Ecological Balance of Dhaka City
Get PDFBangladesh was not familiar with the uses of plastics as containers a few decades ago. However, in recent years, particularly its large cities like Dhaka have experienced a widespread and growing use of plastic products that posits the threat to pollute the environment as well as creates health hazards and hinders sustainable development. Furthermore, the unscrupulous traders who refill thousands of empty plastic bottles with unclean tap water make the situation worse. The country needs some adequate steps to restore and sustain the ecological balance and before taking any initiative it is imperative to explore the measures that the developed countries have employed to manage their plastic bottle disposals effectively. The Container-deposit legislation (CDL) is a widely used initiative that entails a series of financial refund on smooth-drink, juice, milk, water, alcohol-beverage, and other reusable packaging at the point of sale. When the bottle or container is returned to an authorized redemption center, or to the unique vendor in a few jurisdictions, the deposit is partly or fully refunded to the redeemer, presumed to be the unique purchaser. The study explores different schemes that the North American countries, European and the Scandinavian Nations have adopted, identifies the problems they faced, analyzes the present condition of Dhaka city and attempts to explain how and why the legislation need to be implemented in Bangladesh
How Does Cloud Infrastructure Work?
Get PDFThe components that are required for cloud computing are referred to as "cloud infrastructure," and this word is used to define those components. These components include hardware, abstracted resources, storage, and network resources. Imagine cloud infrastructure as the collection of tools that are required to construct a cloud. You will require cloud infrastructure in order to be able to host your services and apps in the cloud. Within the scope of this essay, we have discussed not only how cloud infrastructure functions but also the components that make up cloud infrastructure
Pressure Data Analysis and Multilayer Modeling of a Gas-Condansate Reservoir
Get PDFKailastila gas field located at Golapgonj, Sylhet is one of the largest gas fields in Bangladesh. It produces a high amount of condensate along with natural gas. For the high values of GOR, it may be treated as a wet gas at reservoir condition. Three main sand reservoirs are confirmed in this field (upper, middle & lower).In this study, it has been shown that reservoir parameters of this gas field can be obtained for multilayered rectangular reservoir with formation cross-flow using pressure and their semi log derivative on a set of dimensionless type curve.The effects of the reservoir parameters such as permeability, skin, storage coefficient, and others such as reservoir areal extent and layering on the wellbore response, pressure are investigated.Shut in pressures are used in calculating permeability, skin factor, average reservoir pressure, wellbore storage effect and other reservoir properties. The direction of the formation cross flow is determined, first by the layer permeability and later by the skin factor.Finally, it is recommended to perform diagnostic analysis along with multilayer modeling to extract better results.Reservoir can also be considered as a multilayer cylindrical and can also use these models for other fields
Bearings-Only Tracking of Manoeuvring Targets Using Multiple Model Variable Rate Particle Filter with Differential Evolution
Get PDFIn standard target tracking, algorithms assume synchronous and identical sampling rate for measurement and state processes. Contrary to these methods particle filter is proposed with variable rate. These filters use a restricted number of states, and a Gamma distribution is applied at state arrival time so that the maneuvering targets could be tracked. Although this structure is capable of tracking a wide range of targets motion features using linear, curvilinear motion dynamics, it suffers from a basic weak point. It cannot estimate the position of targets in high maneuvering regions. Thus, multiple model variable rate particle filter (MM-VRPF) is utilized to overcome this shortage using various dynamic models. A weak point of a particle filter is a phenomenon called degeneracy that even exists in MM-VRPF structure. In this study, differential evolution method, is exploited to improve the mentioned method and a novel structure called multiple model variable rate particle filter with differential evolution (MM-VRPF with DE) is introduced. The simulation results of a bearing only tracking achieved from a maneuvering target, revealed that the proposed structure has better performance while it maintains advantages of variable rate structure