Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment
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Tracking Intrinsic Properties of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Thin Films Grown by Spin Coating Technique at Ambient Temperature
Get PDFMethyl ammonium lead iodide has become a burgeoning class of hybrid halide perovskites of solution-processed semiconductors. Advancements in its processing and characterization underscore structural, optical, and electronic properties. They have led to the development of perovskite solar cells, photo detectors, lasers, and photo diodes with power conversion efficiencies mature to be classified as first and second-generation technologies. Characterizing forms an integral understanding the operating principles and fundamental limitations for optoelectronics applications. Studies outlined in this paper covers CH3NH3PbI3 using time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, spectrophotometry and other measurements. Thus this investigatiosn may serve as principle tool in analyzing excited state decay kinetics and optical nonlinearities in CH3NH3PbI3 thin films. It is demonstrated herein that non-resonant photoexcitation yields a large fraction of free carriers on a sub-picosecond time scale. If applied in practical optoelectronic applications then any photogenerated carriers may travel long carrier lengths before they are extracted to realize large external quantum efficiencies and efficient charge extraction. The optical constants of CH3NH3PbI3 are interpreted using ab initio calculations through models. Findings show good agreement between the optical constants derived from QSGW and those from related literature. Transition from the highest valence band (VB) to the lowest conduction band (CB) was found to be responsible for almost all the optical responses between 1.2 and 5.5 eV. It was concluded that optical constants and energy band diagrams of CH3NH3PbI3 can be used to simulate the contributions from different optical transitions to a typical transient absorption spectrum for many optoelectronic applications
Ecological Economics - Abridging the Gap between Conventional Economics and Ethics
Get PDFWhat role do ethics play in differentiating Ecological Economics from conventional Economics? How much ethical underpinning do various blazing environmental issues have? These are the question that this paper tries to answer. Conventional Economics focuses on the efficiency of resource allocation giving less weight to distribution and scale. But many economic problems have important ethical dimensions or implications. Mainstream economists have always ignored ethics as a key issue in economic theory. On the contrary, ecological economics argues that, in the face a severe environmental problem it is normal and natural for human beings to have concerns about the crisis and a healthy survival and to adopt a position of precautionary rationality. Ethics has important policy implications for market-based solutions, valuation, various environmental issues, the business world and its environmental responsibility, globalization, financial crisis etc. Ethics should not be analyzed in isolation of other factors affecting the economic phenomenon concerned. Future research should focus on how to formally incorporate ethics in standard economics model of various forms
Pesticides Handling and Risks Associated with Cassava Production in Apoje Farm Settlement: Farmers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Perception
Get PDFThe study was carried out to evaluate the farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and perception of the pesticides handling, application, and residue on the cassava roots produced and associated health and environmental risk exposures factors among the farmers in Apoje Farm Settlement Ogun State Southwestern Nigeria. A total of twenty-five (25) cassava root samples produced on the farm were collected and analyzed for the presence of any residues while fifty (50) farmers were randomly sampled with the administration of structured questionnaires/interviews. The results obtained showed the detections of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), Nitrate (NO3) and Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) with mean values of 0.01934mg/kg, 0.012564mg/kg and 0.00058mg/kg respectively that fall within the regulated limits. However, the knowledge of the farmers on pesticides handling and application are low, some cannot read the labels on the pesticides to understand the poison and hazards signs. Then, they exhibit poor attitudes and perceptions of health and environmental risks associated with the exposure to the pesticides. The majority of the farmers do not put on personal protective gadgets to prevent themselves from the exposures. The study concluded that there should be health talks organized for the farmers on the subject matter and there is an urgent need for resuscitations of farm extensions services where relevant government agencies support the local and semi-illiterates farmers given them adequate and necessary information on the handling and application of pesticides in order to reduce the risks to the farmers, the inhabitants, and the environment. Then, monitoring studies of human exposure, the soil and water bodies in the study area are required to evaluate the effects the pesticides
Space Computation Sciences Leveraging Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence, and Advanced Analytics to Power Innovation: A Review Report
Get PDFIn order to realize the goal of exploring and discovering new worlds, technological innovations are important. The space industry has been growing since the first space ship landed on the moon in the Apollo 11 mission. Huge leaps in space technology experienced since then combined with modern technologies such Artificial Intelligence, Data Analytics and Cloud technology can help space explorers to go further in space and explore territories not reached before, and potentially uncover new space phenomena. The objective of this research is to explore how space computation sciences can leverage Artificial Intelligence, Cloud technologies, and Advanced Data Analysis to power innovations
Effect of Biopesticids in Controlling Leaf Curl Virus of Chilli
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted in the field laboratory of Spices Research Center, BARI, Shibganj, Bogra, Bangladesh during Rabi season of 2014-15 to find out the effect of biopesticides in controlling vector as well as leaf curl virus of chilli. The maximum infected plants (26.85%) were recorded in untreated control and the minimum infected plants (14.75%) were in Malathion (0.2%) which was statistically identical to all other biopesticides except cow urine (1:2). The highest disease reduction (45.13%) over untreated control was obtained from Malathion (0.2%) followed by cow urine (1:1) and neem leaf extract (1:2), and the lowest (26.37%) was obtained from cow milk (1:2). The highest yield (18.33 t/ha) was recorded in Malathion (0.2%) and the lowest (11.28 t/ha) was recorded in untreated control. All the biopesticides resulted least disease incidence and more yield compared to control. Among the biopesticides, cow urine (1:1), cow milk (1:1) and neem extract (1:2) showed comparatively better results against control. So, Melathion or biopesticides, cow urine (1:1), cow milk (1:1) and neem leaf extract (1:2) may be sprayed for controlling vector as well as leaf curl virus and increasing yield of chilli
Digitization in Agriculture: A Timely Challenge for Ecological Perspectives
Get PDFThe main focus of political debates on digital agriculture has been on environmental sustainability. So far, the literature has primarily ignored social sustainability, notably labor issues. This is worrisome because digitization may fundamentally alter farming techniques and labor processes, potentially affecting rural development, rural communities, and migratory workers. It examines how digital technology affects labor in horticulture and agricultural fields. To incorporate labor into the debates around agriculture and digitalization, this article provides a detailed picture of how digital technologies affect agricultural labor. Results suggest new forms of labor management, intensification of work processes, and risks of working-class fragmentation along age lines. Digitalization has not resulted in worker or farmer deskilling. The claim of greater worker dependency due to reduced agricultural employment possibilities is disputed. The importance of creating agricultural policies that promote fair and equitable working conditions
Development of a New High Frequency Two Quadrant DC-DC Sepic Converter
Get PDFThe DC-DC converter find a wide scope in industries, telecommunication sectors, power electronics area, etc. Nowadays bi-directional converters have a higher end over them since the energy from the load during regenerative braking is fed back to the source, thus obtaining energy efficient system. A single topology that can provide Buck-Boost operation with positive output having four quadrant operations is not available in the literature. A common limitation of power coupling effect in some known multiple-input dc-dcconverters has been addressed in many kinds of literatures. In this paper, a new single topology of two quadrants DC-DC Sepic converter has been developed to provide four quadrant operation of a high- frequency dc-dc converter having one supply source and proper control of the converter. The combined topology has been analyzed and studied by spice simulation
Major Oxides Geochemistry of Tourmaline from Selected Gem-Mineral Deposits in Southwestern Nigeria
Get PDFTourmaline occurs in associations with other gem minerals such as beryl, topaz, garnet and kunzite alongside rock-forming minerals like quartz, feldspar and muscovite in various gem mineral deposits across southwestern Nigeria. These occurrences of tourmaline in varieties of colors resulting from its range in chemical compositions remain puzzling, more so when there is a lack of sufficient information on the chemistry of the Nigerian tourmalines. This study is aimed at the major oxides investigation of tourmalines from selected gem-mineral deposits in southwestern Nigeria and how the chemistry can be used to infer their environment and processes of mineralization. A total of 22 differently colored tourmaline samples obtained from different locations in southwestern Nigeria were prepared and analyzed, using the inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the elemental constituents. Komu and Ijero-Ekiti, being the two areas with highest concentrations of the study samples were specially chosen and mapped, at least to reveal the geology of some gem mineral deposits in the area. Results of the geochemical analysis of the tourmaline samples showed enrichment in SiO2 and Al2O3, but depletion in the remaining major oxides. However, a few of the tourmaline samples showed unusual enrichment in CaO, revealing the fact that the samples have crystallized from highly fractionated melt. The major oxide compositions of the tourmalines exhibited wide and distinct variations, especially in SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO, indicating magmatic origin for the southwestern Nigerian tourmalines. Similarly, the strong negative correlations observed between CaO and the oxides Al2O3, Na2O, K2O and SiO2 in the tourmaline samples, coupled with the relatively high Fe/Fe+Mg ratio, averaging 0.89,clearly reinforced magmatic sourcing for the tourmalines. Almost all the southwestern tourmaline samples plot in the predefined field of Li-rich granitoidpegmatites and aplites in the Al-Fe-Mg and Ca-Fe-Mg plots. Southwestern Nigerian tourmalines are thus magmatic in origin with their chemistry reflecting control by host rocks and granitic-pegmatitic fluid. The study also revealed that the intensity of coloration in tourmalines can be linked to the presence or otherwise of iron concentration. The iron content varies directly and proportionately with the depth of color in the greens, and inversely in the pinks and reds
Green Consumerism: Catalyst for Environmental Marketing
Get PDFIn 21st century race towards industrialization is fast & furious. Due to the Industrial movements natural environment is heavily influenced. Environmental marketing is one best possible way to protect the environment. Both the organizations & consumers have changed their mind to address this issue. Green consumerism has taken the role of catalyst for environmental marketing. Aim of this paper to analyze the consumer behavior towards environmental marketing. This article also establishes the relationship between consumer behavior and purchasing decision of the customer on the green marketing ground. This research paper highlights the cause behind environmental marketing along with the initiative taken by the industries to promote environmental marketing
Marine Spatial Planning: Bangladesh Perspective
Get PDFThe concept of Blue Economy has triggered the coastal states to explore their marine resources from their own maritime boundaries. Bangladesh has to be one step advance in the competition as its land based resources are very limited in comparison to its huge population. It must be very critical for Bangladesh if it does not have a well-planned policy adopted in considering both the economic and environmental aspects. MSP can only be the process for Bangladesh to go ahead for consumption of marine resources without jeopardy to marine environment. The existing national policies, plans and legislations for ocean governance are very scattered in nature which needs to be an integrated and uniform legal stand. The study analysis those legal loopholes and recommends for an effective MSP in the Bay of Bengal