IYTE GCRIS Database (Izmir Institute of Technology)
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The effects of visual design principles on game experience: The case of Royal Match and Candy Crush Saga
No full textGündelik oyun pazarındaki büyüme, Candy Crush Saga ve Royal Match gibi mobil üçlü eşleştirme oyunlarının artan popülaritesini yansıtmaktadır. Üçlü eşleştirme oyunlarının mekanikleri ve genel düzenleri benzer kalmaya devam ettikçe, görsel tasarımın önemi daha kritik hale gelmektedir. Bu tez, Candy Crush Saga ve Royal Match mobil üçlü eşleştirme oyunlarındaki görsel unsurların, oyun deneyimi üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla incelemektedir. Çalışma, temel tasarım ilkelerinin ve kullanıcı arayüzü unsurlarının kullanılabilirliğe ve görsel çekiciliğe nasıl katkıda bulunduğuna ve oyuncuların oyunlarla etkileşimini nasıl şekillendirdiğine odaklanmaktadır. Hem üçlü eşleştirme mobil oyuncularının hem de oyuncu olmayanların görsel tasarım unsurlarına ilişkin algıları hakkında veri toplamak amacıyla 331 katılımcıyla çevrimiçi bir anket gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kullanıcı deneyimini geliştirmeye yönelik yaklaşımlar olarak renk kontrastı, tasarım unsurların uygunluğu ve net görsel hiyerarşinin vurgulanmasına ilişkin anket bulguları elde edilmiştir. Anket sonuçlarına dayanarak, görsel tasarım ilkelerini etkili bir şekilde kullanmaya ve estetik ile netlik arasında optimum bir denge kurmaya odaklanan gelecekteki üçlü eşleştirme mobil oyunlarının geliştirilmesi için görsel öneriler sunulmuştur.The growth in the casual gaming market reflects the rising popularity of mobile match-three games such as Candy Crush Saga and Royal Match. As the mechanics and layouts of match-three games remain similar, the significance of visual design is becoming more critical. This thesis investigates the visual elements in match-three mobile games Candy Crush Saga and Royal Match, in order to assess their impact on the game experience. The study focuses on how basic design principles and user interface elements contribute to usability and visual appeal, thereby shaping players' engagement with the games. An online survey of 331 participants was conducted to collect data about insights from both match-three players' and non-players perceptions of visual design elements. Survey findings were obtained regarding highlighting and the effectiveness of color contrast, harmonious design elements, and clear visual hierarchy as approaches to enhance user experience. Based on these responses, visual recommendations for developing future match-three mobile games that focus on utilizing visual design principles effectively and achieving an optimal balance between aesthetics and clarity were suggested
Experimental Investigation of a Unique Electro-Biomembrane Based Integrated System for Wastewater Treatment and Simultaneous Clean Water, Hydrogen and Energy Production
No full textThis paper concerns the design, development, and building of a unique electro-bio-membrane reactor for concurrent bioH2 production, desalination, and energy production by microorganisms in a single reactor. The effects of varying biomass amounts (5–50 g) and inoculum amounts (250–1500 mL) on the bioH2 production efficiency are also investigated. The lowest cumulative bioH2 yield of 24.2 mL/g is obtained using a biomass amount of 5 g, while it is 44.7 mL/g at a biomass amount of 50 g. The highest H2 production from water electrolysis is also found as 0.719 mL/min at improved conditions. Furthermore, the highest power and current density values are 2794.5 mW/m2 and 2786.1 mA/m2 at 1500 mL-inoculum, biomass amount of 30 g, initial pH of 5.5, and temperature of 37 °C in the dark fermentation (DF) cell. Moreover, the desalination efficiency increases from 41.6 to 65.8% with decreasing inoculum amounts from 1500 to 250 mL. © 2024 The Institution of Chemical Engineer
Mechanical Behaviour of Photopolymer Cell-Size Graded Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Structures at Different Deformation Rates
No full textThis study investigates how varying cell size affects the mechanical behaviour of photopolymer Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) under different deformation rates. Diamond, Gyroid, and Primitive TPMS structures with spatially graded cell sizes were tested. Quasi-static experiments measured boundary forces, representing material behaviour, inertia, and deformation mechanisms. Separate studies explored the base material's behaviour and its response to strain rate, revealing a strength increase with rising strain rate. Ten compression tests identified a critical strain rate of 0.7 s-1 for "Grey Pro" material, indicating a shift in failure susceptibility. X-ray tomography, camera recording, and image correlation techniques observed cell connectivity and non-uniform deformation in TPMS structures. Regions exceeding the critical rate fractured earlier. In Primitive structures, stiffness differences caused collapse after densification of smaller cells at lower rates. The study found increasing collapse initiation stress, plateau stress, densification strain, and specific energy absorption with higher deformation rates below the critical rate for all TPMS structures. However, cell-size graded Primitive structures showed a significant reduction in plateau and specific energy absorption at a 500 mm/min rate
Mapk Pathway and Nis in B-Cpap Human Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cells Treated With Resveratrol
No full textBackground: Resveratrol, a herbal phytoalexin, is known to have anti-tumor effects in several tumors including thyroid cancer cells. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of resveratrol on the expression of BRAF, ERK and NIS mRNA levels and protein expression in B-CPAP human thyroid papillary cancer cell line. Methods: B-CPAP cells were treated with resveratrol at concentrations of 10-100 mu M for 24-48-72 h. Cell viability was assessed by XTT Cell Proliferation Assay. BRAF, ERK and NIS mRNA levels were evaluated by rtPCR method. Protein expressions were evaluated by Western Blot method. Results: Resveratrol was found to inhibit cell proliferation in a time and dose dependent manner. The IC50 values of resveratrol were 18.7 mu M and 56.8 mu M after 48 h and 72 h respectively. Resveratrol treatment of B-CPAP cells resulted in up to 1.5-fold reduction in BRAF mRNA and up to 5.5 fold reduction in ERK mRNA levels. NIS mRNA levels showed up to 3-fold increase. Western Blot studies confirmed the rt- PCR results with a decrease in BRAF and ERK, and increase in NIS protein expressions. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that resveratrol inhibits thyroid papillary carcinoma cell proliferation and reduces poor prognostic BRAF and ERK mRNA and protein expressions, while increasing NIS mRNA and protein expression suggesting a redifferentiating effect. More studies are needed to evaluate resveratrol as a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of papillary thyroid cancer
Effects of Size and Mechanical Pre-Treatment on Aluminium Recovery From Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash
No full textMunicipal solid waste (MSW) is incinerated to reduce the volume and recover energy and materials. The generation of MSW has been increasing over the past few decades due to the increase in population and changing consumption habits. Rising environmental and economic concerns have increased the importance of waste treatment and recovery. Currently, MSW may take three alternate or parallel routes: direct recycling, incineration, or landfill, depending on the country and location. MSW incineration has three products in addition to energy: bottom ash, fly ash, and off-gas. After incineration, bottom ash usually still contains many materials to be recovered, such as glass, ceramics, and metals with a degree of oxidation. This study focuses on aluminium recovery from MSW incineration bottom ash from two different countries. The 2-30 mm fraction of aluminium particles was characterized in terms of its size, shape, and oxide thickness, and its effects on aluminium recovery were investigated. In addition, the ability of mechanical pre-treatment to remove oxides prior to melting was studied. The results were compared with the analytical modeling developed in this study. An increasing particle size and surface area resulted in an increase in aluminium recovery. Mechanical pre-treatment increased the yield for smaller particles to a larger extent than larger particles due to the difference in the oxide/metal ratio
W-Locally Isomorphic Torsionless Modules Over Weakly Matlis Domains
No full textLet R be an integral domain. An R-module G is torsionless if it is isomorphic to a submodule of a finitely generated free R-module. For torsionless modules, we define w-weak isomorphism types which are new versions of weak isomorphism types with respect to the w-operation: w-local isomorphism and w-nearly isomorphism. Furthermore, we examine the relationship between w-local isomorphism, w-nearly isomorphism, and stable isomorphism for torsionless w-modules over weakly Matlis domains
Hydrogen Production From Energetic Poplar and Waste Sludge by Electrohydrogenesis Using Membraneless Microbial Electrolysis Cells
No full textMembraneless microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) are potentially considered to produce biohydrogen (bioH2) in a green manner and simultaneously minimize agricultural and wastewater facility wastes. However, effective, sustainable, and cost-effective system configuration and improvement of operating variables, working at ambient conditions, are needed to make the MEC a sustainable process. Therefore, this study investigates the bioH2 production from poplar leaves and anaerobic sludge mixture by incorporating nanomaterials comprising Al2O3, MgO, and Fe2O3 metal oxides at various dosages. Moreover, the effects of applied cell voltage (0.5-1.5 V) and inoculum amount (20-40 mL) on bioH2 production and organic matter removal performance are evaluated. The maximum bioH2 production value is 417 mL at an applied voltage of 1.5 V with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 37.6 % under operating times of 5 min using 40 ml of inoculum. The bioH2 production of the MEC system is reduced with the decrease in inoculum amount. The highest bioH2 production of 828 mL is obtained at improved conditions in the presence of 1 g of Fe2O3 metal oxide. Overall, this study provides the potentiality of simultaneous waste minimization and bioH2 production under ambient conditions that highlight the waste-to-energy pathway for membraneless and green bioelectrochemical process
Overview of the Dry Milling Versus Wet Milling
No full textDry milling and wet milling are well-established fields of materials science. Both methods are low-cost and offer advantages such as desired phase synthesis, modifications of microstructure and morphology, mechanical enhancements, and chemical activation. They contribute to developing high-quality products for applications in the aerospace, automotive, and defense industries, refractories, and structural materials. This chapter is about current information on the impact of dry milling and wet milling on the compositions, fine structures, morphological, thermal, and rheological characteristics of different types of materials. What dry and wet milling techniques are and how they occur are explained through definitions and mechanisms. Effective parameters for both methods are categorized separately. In this way, details on the parameters and circumstances that must be considered in experimental studies were provided. There are also case investigations to compare the effects of dry milling and wet milling on the materials. © 2024 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Anisotropic Single-Layer Tilted Α-Bi: Identification of Uniaxial Strain Via Raman Spectrum
No full textIn the present study, the structural, vibrational, electronic, and elastic properties of single-layer alpha-Bi are investigated by performing density functional theory-based first-principles calculations. Structural optimizations show that free-standing alpha-Bi possesses a tilted black phosphorus-like anisotropic structure. The phonon band dispersions and linear-elastic parameters reveal the dynamical and mechanical stability of the alpha-Bi structure, respectively. In addition, quantum molecular dynamics simulations indicate the thermal stability of the single layer at room temperature. Electronically, it is found that alpha-Bi exhibits an indirect band gap semiconducting behavior, whose hole and electron effective masses are shown to be orientation-dependent with the latter being more anisotropic. Such anisotropic effective masses reveal orientation-dependent transport properties in single-layer alpha-Bi. Moreover, the orientation-dependent elastic features of alpha-Bi show that at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the zigzag (ZZ) orientation, an auxetic behavior is predicted for the structure. Furthermore, the impact of uniaxial strains along the two main orientations (ZZ and armchair directions) is investigated on the vibrational properties of single-layer alpha-Bi. The phononic stability of the structure is first predicted at the strain limits (+/- 5) for both directions, and the results reveal the preserved stability of the single layer under both compressive and tensile strains. The calculated Raman spectra under uniaxial strains show that the type (compressive or tensile) and the direction of the applied strain can be deduced from the Raman spectra analysis. Overall, strain-induced modifications in the Raman spectrum of 2D alpha-Bi in terms of the peak positions may be useful tools for the characterization of induced strain in experimental studies
Development and Investigation of the Efficacy of Lapatinib Loaded Targeted Drug Delivery Nanosystem for Breast Cancer Treatment
No full textMevcut tedavi yöntemlerinin sınırlamaları ve yan etkilerinden dolayı, meme kanseri tedavisinde kemoterapötiklerin kullanıldığı hedefe yönelik ilaç taşıyıcı sistemler son yıllarda geniş çapta araştırılmaktadır. Metal organik çerçevelerden (MOF) biri olan zeolitik imidazolat çerçeve-8 (ZIF-8) içinde kapsüllenen kanser ilacı lapatinibin (LAP) sentezi, karakterizasyonu, biyouyumluluk çalışmaları yapıldı ve sitotoksik etkileri iki farklı kanser hücre hattında ortaya çıkarıldı. ZIF-8 içerisine kapsüllenen LAP (LAP@ZIF-8), %72,42 kapsülleme verimliliği ve %6,55 ilaç yüklemesi ile sentezlendi. LAP@ZIF-8'in parçacık boyutunu ve görüntülerini, hidrodinamik çapını, zeta potansiyelini, kimyasal içeriğini, fonksiyonel grupları/kimyasal bağları, kristalliğini/yapısını ve son olarak termal özelliklerini belirlemek için çeşitli karakterizasyon analizleri kullanılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. pH 7.4'e kıyasla pH 5.5'teki salım yeteneği, ilacın asidik tümör mikro ortamında kontrollü salımını gösterdi. Serum protein bağlama çalışması sonucu LAP@ZIF-8'in biyouyumlu olduğunu gösterirken, hemoliz deneyi hemouyumlu olduğunu, taze kana zararsız olduğunu ve biyolojik olarak pratik uygulamalarda kullanılabileceğini gösterdi. SKBR-3 hücre hattındaki LAP@ZIF-8'in IC50 değeri, 24 saat, 48 saat ve 72 saatlik inkübasyon süresinden sonra sırasıyla 9,38, 3,81 ve 1,20 μg/mL idi. MCF-7 hücre hattındaki LAP@ZIF-8'in IC50 değeri, 24 saat, 48 saat ve 72 saatlik inkübasyon süresinden sonra sırasıyla 22,05, 16,13 ve 9,14 μg/mL idi. Geliştirilen LAP@ZIF-8 nanopartikül sisteminin meme kanseri tedavisinde kullanım için optimal terapötik etkiyi elde etme potansiyeline sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir.Due to the limitations and side effects of current treatment methods, targeted drug delivery systems using chemotherapeutics in the treatment of breast cancer have been widely investigated in recent years. The synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility studies of the cancer drug lapatinib (LAP) encapsulated in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), one of the metal organic frameworks (MOF), were carried out and its cytotoxic effects were revealed in two different cancer cell lines. LAP encapsulated into ZIF-8 (LAP@ZIF-8) was synthesized with encapsulation efficiency of 72.42% and drug loading of 6.55%. Various characterization analyzes were used and evaluated to determine the particle size and images of LAP@ZIF-8, its hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, chemical content, functional groups/chemical bonds, crystallinity/structure, and finally its thermal properties. The release ability at pH 5.5 compared to pH 7.4 showed the controlled release of the drug in the acidic tumor microenvironment. While the serum protein binding study result showed that LAP@ZIF-8 was biocompatible, the hemolysis experiment showed that it was hemocompatible, harmless to fresh blood, and could be used in biologically practical applications. The IC50 value of LAP@ZIF-8 in SKBR-3 cell line was 9.38, 3.81, and 1.20 μg/mL after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h incubation time, respectively. The IC50 value of LAP@ZIF-8 in MCF-7 cell line was 22.05, 16.13, and 9.14 μg/mL after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h incubation time, respectively. The developed LAP@ZIF-8 nanoparticle system is thought to have the potential to achieve optimal therapeutic effect for use in breast cancer treatment