Advances in BioScience
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Sugar Mill Effluent Induced Histological Changes in Gill of Channa punctatus
Get PDFPollution is an undesirable change in surrounding environment which affects human life in many ways. We tried to control these factors to improve our living quality. However, many times, the pollution is due to such reasons which cannot be avoidable like daily need product preparation plants. Sugar is a part of our life now. Sugar mills produce large quantities of undesirable byproducts which pollute our surroundings. Finally, these pollutants go to water bodies and pose effect on aquatic organisms. Keeping these points in view, the effect of sugar mill effluent is observed on gill histology of freshwater fish Channa punctatus
Report of a new species of Myrmeleono stenus Uchida, 1936 from India (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Get PDFThe genus Myrmeleono stenus was described by Uchida in 1936 with Myrmeleono babai as its type species. A new species of the genus Myrmeleono indicus is described in the present contribution with its distinguishing characters
Effect of Cypermethrin on Enzymes in Muscles of Channa punctatus
Get PDFIn the present study, biochemical data has been generated and tested with statistical software. This will highlight the pollutional effects of commonly used pesticides. These pesticides harm the fish health and these fishes finally eaten by human beings and they may get affected by pesticide toxicity. If we assess the harmful effects of pesticide on fish health, we can postulate the harms may be caused in human beings. With this point of view, the effect of cypermethrin is analysed on enzymes using muscle tissue sample of fish Channa punctatus
Blastocystis hominis: Is it a cause of diarrhea?
Get PDFBlastocystis hominis can be found in the fecal sample of both healthy individuals without symptoms and those having gastrointestinal problems. Therefore, the pathogenicity and pathophysiology remain controversial. The aim of this study was to determine if Blastocystis hominis is a causative agent of diarrhea and investigates its prevalence among patients visiting King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from January 2013 till June 2015 and to determine any significant correlation between age, gender, nationality and other parasitic infection in the presence of Blastocystis hominis. Data were collected from Parasitology lab, using the database at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and statistical analysis were done by utilizing Statistical package for social science program (SPSS). Out of 3,035 of total stool analysis requested, 157 samples were positive for B. hominis (5.2%). 80 (51.6%) were males, and 76 (48.4%) were females. The distribution of B. hominis infection was elevated in 31-50 aged groups (25.5%). There was a statistically significant correlation between the presence of Blastocystis and diarrhea at p < 0.05 and there was no correlation between age, sex, nationality and other parasites with positivity of B. hominis. Blastocystis can be considered as a causative agent of diarrhea. Further studies need to be done in order to investigate its role in pathogenicity and more data must be revised to assess the pathogenicity of Blastocystis subtypes
Changes in total protein in Liver and Kidney of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch.) after intoxication of Carbaryl
Get PDFPesticides are one group of toxic compounds linked to human use that have a profound effect on aquatic fauna. Fish may be good indicators of contamination by pollutants because their biochemical responses are quite similar to found in mammals. Studies on toxic effects of carbaryl (a carbamate pesticide) on liver and kidney of freshwater fish Channa punctatus have been made. The LC50 value of carbaryl was calculated 10.05mg/l for various time periods 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs. The study was conducted to investigate the total protein changes in the liver and kidney of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus exposed to different sub-lethal concentrations of pesticide carbaryl for a period of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and up to 90 days. Carbaryl intoxication in Channa punctatus caused significant decrease in total protein in liver and kidney as compared to control. The reasons for such changes have been discussed in this paper
Impact of Salt stress on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Cicer arietinum L.
Get PDFCereals are used as an important food of Indian diet. They are an important source of carbohydrates and proteins, so they are essential to a predominant diet. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the important crops of India, mainly grown for their seeds which contain 20.6% protein, 2.2% fat and 61.2% carbohydrate, ranking next to wheat and barley both in acreage and in the production of grain. The major portion of crop production is consumed by the people in many forms like Dal, Besan, Crushed or whole grain, boiled or roasted gram or in sweet preparation. It is also used as a protein-rich diet for horses, and other cattle in the forms of soaked grain. Keeping the above views several Cicer varieties will be screened for their salt tolerance behaviour. Salt tolerant and salt susceptible variety will be selected for further comparative studies to expect that the findings of the present investigation would not only help with a better understanding of the mechanism of salt tolerant behaviour of Cicer at the physiological and biochemical levels and also suggest possibilities of selecting a variety suitable for salt stress condition
Larvicidal and Repellent efficacy of some of the weed plant extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus Say
Get PDFThe indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides over years to control mosquitoes has caused an array of adversities to human beings as well as to nature and to a greater extent it has inflicted damages to the natural environment and disturbed ecological balances. Insecticides in plant origin play an important role in the interruption of the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases at the individual as well as at the community levels. The present study tested the larvicidal activity of methanolic extracts of four plants viz., Uvaria narum A. DC. (Annonaceae), Morinda pubescens Sm. (Rubiaceae), Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Linn.) Sw. (Leguminosae) and Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. (Vitaceae) and repellent activity of Uvaria narum against Culex quinquefasciatus Say. From the tested plants it is observed that methanolic extracts of U. narum possesses the highest larvicidal activity and ensure 100% protection. The findings of the present investigation revealed that the methanolic extracts of the selected plants have remarkable larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus
Antigenic Detection of Salmonella Infection among Pediatric Patients with Acute Gastroenteritis
Get PDFBackground: Diarrheal diseases are one of the social problems in developing countries. The pathogens commonly associated with childhood diarrhea are Salmonella, Clostridium difficile, Shigella, Yersinia and Escherichia coli but the highest attack rate for salmonellosis in infancy.
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of Salmonella antigen in acute gastroenteritis in children admitted to a pediatric hospital.
Material and Methods: The study was performed on freshly collected stool samples among 94 acute diarrheal children below two years admitted to AL-Khadymia and AL-Elweya pediatric hospitals from May 2015 to January 2016. A questionnaire was completed for each patient’s name, age, gender, clinical data like fever, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The criteria included hemorrhagic fresh stool sample in addition to containing parasite agent. Fresh stool samples were tested by immunochromatographic assay for antigenic detection of Salmonella.
Results: Salmonella antigen identified in five stool samples one for male and four for females. All pediatric patients show fever, vomiting and abdominal pain, while the stool consistency distributed to 75.5% watery and 24.5% loosely. Stool samples show 69.1% with blood and 39.9% without blood, 16.9% with pus and 83.1% without pus, 83% with mucous and 17% without mucous. Four cases with giardiasis and 24 cases with entamebiasis and 14 cases with cyst of E. histolytica or G. lamblia in addition to absence the parasites ova in all stool samples.
Conclusion: Salmonella antigen present in five stool samples, all the patients show vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, 65 cases with blood in comparison with, 29 without blood 15 cases with pus in comparison with 79 without pus. 78 cases with mucous in comparison with, 16 without mucous, four cases with goddesses and 24 cases with entamebiasis, 14 cases with cyst of E. histolytica or G. lamblia in addition to absence the parasites ova in all stool samples
Comparative Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Juniperus excelsa ssp. polycarpos Bark and Wood Extracts
Get PDFIn the present study, extracts from the bark and wood of Juniperus excelsa ssp. polycarpos were obtained with acetone solvent. Chemical composition were analyzed and compared by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the major components identified in the bark acetone extract as trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives were β-d-glucofuranose, 1,2,3,5,6-pentakis-O-(TMS) (19.97%), followed by pimaric acid TMS (18.89%), d-mannopyranose,1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-(TMS) (13.90%), d-fructose,1,3,4,5,6-pentakis-O-(TMS) (12.37%). The major components identified in the wood acetone extract as trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives were pimaric acid TMS (24.56%), followed by α-d-glucopyranoside,1,3,4,6-tetrakis-O-(TMS)-β-d-fructofuranosyl 2,3,4,6-tetrakis-O-(TMS) (21.39%), β-d-galactopyranose,1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-(TMS) (12.10%), d-glucose,2,3,4,5,6-pentakis-O-(TMS) (9.97%), trifluoromethyl-bis-(TMS) methyl ketone (9.32%). One of the more important components identified both in the bark and wood extracts was pimaric acid TMS. Cedrol as the essential oil was found in the acetone wood extract (0.72%)
Description of Some Indian Veliidae in Different Zoogeographical Regions with special emphasis on Rhagovelia and Microvelia
Get PDFThe knowledge regarding the Veliidae fauna of India through at the moment is far from complete, but we can profitably venture on an analysis of the zoogeographical composition of the fauna on the basis of present study which should be fairly an accurate index of the general faunal conditions of the area. This is important from a scientific point of view because it opens the door to further studies and new species identification and their relation to zoogeographical climate conditions. The present work summarizes common and important Indian Valiidae, their zoogeographical distribution and concentration towards the Indian States