Advances in BioScience
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Sero-surveillance of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis Infection in Domestic Livestock in North India Using Indigenous Absorbed ELISA Test
Get PDFA total of 829 serum samples belonging to domestic livestock (cattle, buffaloes, goats and sheep) and driven from different parts of North India between 2005 to 2008, were screened to estimate the seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection using 'indigenous absorbed ELISA kit'. The seroprevalence of MAP in domestic livestock was 23.1%. Prevalence was higher in large ruminants (24.1%) as compared to small ruminants (22.5%). The highest seropositivity was in cattle (26.9%), followed by goats (23.9%), buffaloes (20.2%), and sheep (19.0%). In cattle region-wise, 25.8, 29.1 and 30.7% of animals were positive from Mathura (UP), Rohtak (Haryana), and Bareilly (UP) regions, respectively. In buffaloes, the highest prevalence was found at Bareilly (26.6%) followed by Rohtak (20.0%) and Baghpat (18.4%) regions. In goats, 19.6, 37.5, 40.0 and 21.9% of animals were positive from Mathura (farm herd), Etawah, Agra and Ajmer (farmers herd) regions, respectively. In sheep, the prevalence of MAP was 25.5 and 16.3% in Mathura and Mannavanur regions, respectively. In sheep, prevalence was higher in the Northern region as compared to the Southern region of the country. The present study showed that the prevalence of MAP in domestic livestock was moderately higher; therefore there is an urgent need to control the disease at the National level to improve per-animal productivity in the country
CRP in Relation To CVD
Get PDFCardiovascular diseases are leading to death in both men and women. One of the risk factors mainly involved in CVD and CRP as inflammatory markers. Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by chronic inflammation and is now widely accepted to be inflammatory diseases. Clinical manifestations include coronary heart disease [CHD], cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease. In this study focus on CRP, this protein will be expressed on CVD patients and the relationship between Insulin resistance leads to cardiovascular disease and diabetic diseases occurs in young age & adult age peoples were living worldwide. The CVD patient and normal sample were collected respectively in hospital. These samples were estimated by protein estimation and analysis of CRP using SDS PAGE gel electrophoresis and assay method of western blot done by the color development system using primary & secondary antibody and also DAB kit. The measurements of BMI correlate to the CRP and INSULIN level. Increased BMI that can lead to obesity occurs in both men & women. The CRP protein level increases the chance of cardiovascular disease and insulin level also increased, the patient should develop diabetes. These diseases are analyzed by diagnostic methods. In human CRP was synthesized by hepatocytes and secreted into serum and also whether CRP as a human acute phase protein synthesis by PBMC and isolate the lymphocytes in cultured medium and protein was isolated & estimated due to analysis of CRP using SDS PAGE Gel Electrophoresis. From the preliminary results, there is an evidence of raise in CRP among CVD patients which is to be dealt in detail in the near future to use CRP proteins as a marker in CVD detection
Effects of Antidepressant Drug on Sexual Behavior and Fitness Parameters of Drosophila ananassae
Get PDFDrosophila is a suitable model organism in the field of toxicological science. The objective of this study was to explore the potential of doxepin, an antidepressant drug, on sexual behavior and fitness of Drosophila ananassae. Sexual behavior such as mating latency and copulation duration was higher as concentration of antidepressant increases in both larval and adult feeding methods, decrease in the fecundity and fertility was also observed in adult feeding than larval feeding methods. According to the Chi-Square, the percentage of the hatchability is decreased in treated compared with one control and significant difference in viability in adult feeding method. Our findings show the adult one which are exposed are more sensitive comparatively with larval stage. It was also noticed that antidepressant effects some behavioral aspects of Drosophila
Immunotoxicological studies of Staphylococcin of CA-MRSA
Get PDFMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the nares of school going children (CA-MRSA) has been found to produce bacteriocin like inhibitory substance tentatively termed staphylococcin. It has a broad activity spectrum against many Gram positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus which suggests that the protein molecule can be used as an alternative for antibiotics. In this regard, the bacteriocin was studied for its immunological and toxicological properties in experimental mice. The antigenicity/immunogenicity of bacteriocin was assayed by ouchterlony technique. Accordingly, staphylococcin is antigenic ally poor, in the mice immune system and the antibody titre was not found to be significant in the ouchterlony technique. The acute and chronic toxic studies do not show any toxic effects in laboratory mice when injected with different doses of bacteriocin (20, 40, 60 and 80μg/ml). Hematological studies with staphylococcin showed a marginal increase in lymphocyte count in the test animal groups. Further, different doses of staphylococcin showed no significant biochemical changes in the normal profile of mice blood biochemistry
Assessment of Natural Resources for Conservation of Wetland in District Chamba - A Case Study of Manimehesh Lake
Get PDFThe Ramsar Convection of IUCN held in 1971 in Iran raised global attention on the conservation and management of wetlands. 3 wetlands in the Indian State of Himachal Pradesh have been declared a wetland of international importance. Thus it is felt necessary to reclaim and develop high altitude wetlands for its optimum potential use, but a reliable and accurate database is not available. The present endeavour aims at the generation of database in terms of physical aspects/ land use, the extent of water spread and its water quality, vegetation status of the catchment area and surroundings of the lake. The threats to high altitude wetlands have been identified and adequate measures for its conservation and management suggested
Influence of temperature and growth regulators on wound periderm formation of potato tuber
Get PDFWhen a potato tuber is wounded, cork cambium is formed just beneath the wounded area. The cambium produces waterproofing polymeric and polyphenolic compounds known as suberin that are deposited on the cell wall of the tissue. Little is known about the ideal conditions and endogenous factor(s) that control the formation of suberized area, also called wound periderm (WP). In this study, we observed that WP formation is largely dependent on temperature. Among different temperatures (15°C - 35°C) tested, only 25°C promoted WP formation. Washing of the tissue discs immediately after cutting severely inhibited WP formation. However, keeping the discs for 4 days or more followed by washing failed to show any inhibitory effects. Finally, the washed tissue discs were treated with different plant hormones and among them, abscisic acid showed a stimulatory effect in inducing WP formation
Brucellosis in Wayanad Tribal Goat Population: A Preliminary Serological Survey
Get PDFCaprine brucellosis is an endemic disease and is present in many countries. It causes heavy losses in goats and is transmissible to man. The study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of caprine brucellosis for the first time by serological tests in Wayanad district of Kerala, where goat rearing is the main occupation among tribal women. A total of 24 sera were positive by the RBPT with a seroprevalence of 5.7%. Upon STAT testing of all the 420 sera, 18 out of 24 samples (4.3%) showed presence of Brucella antibodies. Considering sensitivity, specificity and ease in performing the test, it is suggested that a combination of RBPT and STAT can be used in the diagnosis of caprine brucellosis in order to control and eradicate the disease
Isolation and Purification of C-phycocyanin from Nostoc muscorum (Cyanophyceae and Cyanobacteria) Exhibits Antimalarial Activity In vitro
Get PDFThe phycobilin pigments are intensively fluorescent and water soluble. They are categorized into three types, such as pigments containing high, intermediate and low energies are phycoerythrins (phycoerythrocyanins), phycocyanins and allophycocyanins, respectively. Besides light harvesting, the phycobiliproteins have shown industrial and biomedical importance. Among them, C-phycocyanin (C-PC) has been considered to be the most preferred one. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antimalarial activity of C-PC isolated from a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium and Nostoc muscorum. C-PC was extracted and purified by acetone extraction and ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis followed by amicon filtration. It was isolated as a~124 kDa water soluble protein molecule. It showed antimalarial activity in vitro against chloroquine sensitive and resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. Inhibitory concentrations at 50%, 90% and 95% were determined as 10.27±2.79, 53.53±6.26 and 73.78±6.92 µg/ml against the chloroquine-sensitive strains; 10.37±1.43, 56.99±11.07 and 72.79±8.59 µg/ml against chloroquine resistant of Plasmodium falciparum strains. C-PC was found to have antimalarial activity even at a concentration of 3.0µg/ml. The possible mechanism might be relied on the destruction of polymerization of haemozoin by binding of C-PC with ferriprotoporphyrin-IX at the water surface of the plasma membrane
Integration of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Grape Vine (Vitis vinifera L.) in Nursery Stage
Get PDFThe Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) association is being considered as the commonest Mycorrhizal type involved in grape community. Low population density of these useful fungi in vineyard soil suggests the need for manual inoculation of grapevine plantlets at the nursery stage. The influence of three commercial Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi strains (Glomus intraradious, G. mosseae, G. fasciculatus and a mixture of them) on growth and biochemical status of four grapevine varieties (Shahroodi, Asgari, Keshmeshi and Khalili) was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Rooted plantlets derived from hardwood cuttings were transplanted in pots containing leaf mold and sand (1:1) followed by inoculation with different fungal inoculums. Various physiological and biochemical parameters were measured at 30 days intervals. The percentage of root colonization was found to be slightly different amongst inoculated vines but it was found to be significantly different with non-inoculated, control plants. Most growth related parameters (vine length, shoot length and leaf area) were enhanced following Mycorrhization but root length and number of leaves were not significantly affected by any fungal intervention. Treated plants typically showed more obvious modifications in their biochemical status. The chlorophyll content (especially "b" and total), total root and shoot phenols were raised in treated plants. The chlorophyll "a" and total soluble sugars were not statistically different in inoculated and control plants. The overall results of the present study suggest that AM fungi can be manually applied, as an easy and economical approach during nursery production, to boost the physiological and biochemical status of the treated plants and production of high quality healthy plantlets
Phytochemical Analysis of Some Indigenous Plants Potent Against Endoparasite
Get PDFA study has been done with indigenous plants to explore their phytochemical constituents. About 7 indigenous plants collected from Agra–Mathura Region. The collected plants undergone extraction followed by evaporation. The prepared plant extract goes through phytochemical investigation to explore active constituents which are very significant drug development