Advances in BioScience
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Immobilization Parameters Statistically Optimized for Whole Cells of Pseudomonas putida G7 to Enhance Limonin Biotransformation
Get PDFThis study was aimed for optimizing the immobilization parameters for Pseudomonas putida G7 in Ca-alginate beads, in order to establish a debittering strategy for citrus juices, by biotransforming the bitter principle - Limonin. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to model the significant parameters for an enhanced response. An enhanced limonin bioconversion and immobilized bead stability was obtained with alginate concentration (2%), cell load (47.2g/l), and a bead diameter (2.1mm); which had significant effects (p <0.001) on limonin biotransformation. The R2 values of 0.9 showed good agreement between experimental and predicted response. Validation experiments under optimized parameters showed good association between experimental (limonin biotransformation and stability response of 65.8% and 0.97 OD respectively) and predicted responses (limonin biotransformation and stability of 65.1% and 0.094 respectively). Thus, the approach is promising to develop a strategy for debittering citrus juices by biotransforming limonin at a faster rate
Histopathological Study of Subacute Toxic Effects of Chloroacetic Acid on Albino Rats and its Correlation with Serum Levels of Malondialdehyde
Get PDFHuman beings are increasingly being exposed to chloroacetic acid (CAA), a type of halo acetic acid. It would not be an exaggeration to say that almost the whole humankind today is affected by it or its metabolites. The concern over the carcinogenicity of haloacetic acids led the United States Environmental Protection Agency to regulate the allowable concentration of haloacetic acids in drinking water as part of the Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule promulgated in 1998. Keeping this view in mind, the present study on histolopathological evaluation of different types of tissues viz., brain, kidney, liver, spleen and testes of Rattus norvegicus was performed, to find out the subacute toxicity of chloroacetic acid and correlation between CAA administration and changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) level in blood
Removal of colour from Biomethanated Distillery waste by treatment with Activated Sawdust
Get PDFThe aim of this work is to see the role of activated carbon (wood sawdust) and A. niger in the removal of colour from the anaerobically digested molasses spent wash. Various operation parameters like pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, concentration of phosphate and carbon source, were considered and their effect on decolourization of anaerobically digested MSW by activated carbon and A. niger in batch mode was investigated
Effect of Several Organic Fertilizers along with Some Soil Compactness Levels on Nutrients Content of Sport Lawn in Fall Season
Get PDFThe lawn has an incredible role in designing and construction of landscape areas and lawn bed provides aeration, moisture and nutrients, which is essential for having an acceptance lawn, so the role of organic matter and degree of soil compactness need to be studied. In the current study, the effect of some bed mixtures including Leaf Mold (LM), Rice Husk (RH), manure, Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC), a mixture of LM, RH and SMC (mixture 1), a mixture of LM, RH and manure (mixture 2) with the ratio of 1:1:1 and control (no fertilizer), also the effect of some different soil compactness (roller weights of 36, 56 and 76 kilograms) on the content of some nutrients of sport lawn in fall season were investigated. Hence, an experiment was conducted at the strip plot design with three replications, in research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2008-09. According to the results of this study, interaction of fertilizer and soil compactness was significant for most measured factors. The manure and control treatments showed the most and the least amount of nitrogen in all compactness treatments respectively. The manure and SMC treatments and also treatments containing these organic matters increased plant phosphorus content in comparing with RH, LM and control treatments. Also in three compactness, manure and SMC treatments showed more plant potassium in contrast to control
Bioremediation of Heavy Metal by Algae: Current and Future Perspective
Get PDFInstead of using mainly bacteria, it is also possible to use mainly algae to clean wastewater because many of the pollutant sources in wastewater are also food sources for algae. Nitrates and phosphates are common components of plant fertilizers for plants. Like plants, algae need large quantities of nitrates and phosphates to support their fast cell cycles. Certain heavy metals are also important for the normal functioning of algae. These include iron (for photosynthesis), and chromium (for metabolism). Because marine environments are normally scarce in these metals, some marine algae especially have developed efficient mechanisms to gather these heavy metals from the environment and take them up. These natural processes can also be used to remove certain heavy metals from the environment. The use of algae has several advantages over normal bacteria-based bioremediation processes. One major advantage of the removal of pollutants is that this is a process that under light conditions does not need oxygen. Instead, as pollutants are taken up and digested, oxygen is added while carbon dioxide is removed. Hence, phytoremediation could potentially be coupled with carbon sequestration. Additionally, because phytoremediation does not rely on fouling processes, odors are much less a problem. Microalgae, in particular, have been recognized as suitable vectors for detoxification and have emerged as a potential low-cost alternative to physicochemical treatments. Uptake of metals by living microalgae occurs in two steps: one takes place rapidly and is essentially independent of cell metabolism – “adsorption” onto the cell surface. The other one is lengthy and relies on cell metabolism – “absorption” or “intracellular uptake.” Nonviable cells have also been successfully used in metal removal from contaminated sites. Some of the technologies in heavy metal removals, such as High Rate Algal Ponds and Algal Turf Scrubber, have been justified for some practical application in China and abroad and limitations of these methods in large-scale still exist. As an innovative clean-up technology, it mainly depends on the biosorption and bioaccumulation abilities of algae, and the former is dominated in the whole process of bioremediation. Studies suggest that the constituents of algae cell wall such as alginate and fucoidan which have key functional groups are chiefly responsible for biosorption of heavy metal ions
Impact of Vermicompost on Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato Plant (Lycopersicum esculentum)
Get PDFThe main objective of the study was to prepare vermicompost from the waste and to determine its effect on the qualitative and quantitative yield of tomato plant. The treatment groups consisted of VC (15, 30, 45 and control). The parameters like pH 7.2, Electrical Conductivity (10.70mmhos/cm), Total Hardness (360mg/l), Calcium (160mg/l) and Magnesium (200mg/l) were determined. The present results show that vermicompost treatment has significant growth impact on plant height, number of leaves, fruits, flowers and stem diameter as compared to control
Erythropoietin (Epo), Erythropoietin Receptor (EpoR) and Red Cell Development- Deciphering Molecular Connections
Get PDFAttitude and Behavior towards Suicide: Role of Counseling as Prevention
Get PDFThe study explored the attitude and behavior of general people towards suicide with particular focus on role of counseling for suicide prevention in Bangladesh. Seventeen national newspapers were reviewed to look at the extent of suicide in Bangladesh and opinion of 50 people from different age, sex and profession was collected through Focus Group Discussions and an individual questionnaire. The analysis of reported news revealed that women committed suicide 5.68 times higher than men did; married people committed suicide more than unmarried people did. The data also revealed that the number of suicide is highest at age range of 16 to 20 years and family conflict is the number one cause of suicide in Bangladesh. Hanging from the ceiling and poison are the most popular method for committing suicide. Focused group discussions revealed a common belief of suicide as a sin and considered not as a right decision. All the participants undoubtedly believed that counseling is helpful in preventing suicidal behavior. The result of personal questionnaire showed that 20% of the participants thought about ending their life in their lifetime
Molecular characterization, developmental expression and immunolocalization of clathrin heavy chain in the ovary of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana during oogenesis
Get PDFClathrin is the principal protein involved in receptor mediate endocytosis and the main component of the coated vesicles. It is composed of three identical clathrin heavy chains (CHC), each with an attached light chain. We characterized the deduced amino acid sequence of the partial cDNA clone of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Pam) CHC. The analysis showed that this sequence is represented as multiple alpha helical repeats occurred in the arm region of the CHC and displayed a high level of identity and similarity to mosquitoes and Drosophila melanogaster CHCs. This is the first report on CHC from a hemimetabolous insect. The amplified CHC probe could hybridize two CHC transcripts in the current preparations, 6.3 kb and 7.3 kb. The Northern blot analysis confirmed that a 6.3 kb transcript is specifically expressed in ovarian tissues at high levels throughout the ovarian development, especially in previtellogenic ovaries (Days 1-4) but dropped during the vitellogenic period (days 5-7) and ultimately no transcript was detected in fully vitellogenic ovaries (days 9-13). Immunoblot analysis detected an ovary specific CHC protein of ~175 kDa that was present in previtellogenic ovaries on the day of female emergence and after initiation of vitellogenesis and onset of Vg uptake. Immunocytochemistry localized CHC protein to germ-line derived cells, oocytes, and revealed that CHC translation begins very early during oocyte differentiation in the germarium. The present work suggested a possible role for clathrin in the early fluid phase endocytosis (pinocytosis) in addition to its role in receptor-mediated endocytosis
Influence of Daily Temperature Ranges on the Pheromone Trap Catch of Harmful Microlepidoptera Species
Get PDFSeven species of pheromone trap collection of Microlepidoptera pest presents the results of the everyday function of the daily temperature range in the study. Between 2004 and 2010, Csalomon type pheromone traps were operating in Bodrogkisfalud (48°10’N; 21°21E; Borsod-Abaúj Zemplén County, Hungary, Europe). The data were processed of following species: Spotted Tentiform Leafminer (Phyllonorycter blancardella Fabricius, 1781), Hawthorn Red Midget Moth (Phyllonorycter corylifoliella Hübner, 1796), Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella Linnaeus, 1758), Peach Twig Borer (Anarsia lineatella Zeller, 1839), European Vine Moth (Lobesia botrana Denis et Schiffermüller, 1775), Oriental Fruit Moth (Grapholita molesta Busck, 1916) and Plum Fruit Moth (Grapholita funebrana Treitschke, 1846). Our results suggest that pheromone trap catches of the species examined are in positive correlation with the daily temperature ranges. The relation can be characterized with is linear, logarithmic and exponential functions