Revista Jurídica Digital UANDES
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Factors associated with inattentive responding in online survey research
No full textWe describe a method assessing inattentive responding in internet-based studies and explore factors associated with this problem. We inserted ‘bogus’ items into an online questionnaire completed by 210 participants and looked at associations between items and possible predictors. We found evidence of inattentive responding despite all participants being willing volunteers. Inattentive responding was related to being male and lower scores on conscientiousness, openness to experience and agreeableness. Researchers carrying out internet-based research should use methods, such as inserting ‘bogus’ items, to detect inattentive responders with a view to excluding their data
The personality disorder patient pathway:Service user and clinical perspectives
No full textAims: There have been recent policy developments and research into care provision for service users with personality disorder. However, few studies have focused on service user and staff perspectives on how services could be improved. Methods: A qualitative study was undertaken in the UK between 2016 and 2017. We conducted six focus groups with clinicians in mental health services with experience of working with people with personality disorder. Using an online survey, we asked current and past service users with personality disorder to describe their experiences of mental health services and make recommendations for improvements. A thematic analysis was conducted. Results: Forty-five clinicians participated in the focus group and 131 service users contributed to the online survey. The main areas of concern identified by both staff and patients were the diagnosis of personality disorder, the absence of a coherent care pathway, access to psychological treatment and staff training. Conclusions: The care pathway for individuals with personality disorder is unclear to clinicians and service users, and elements of the pathway are disjointed and not working as effectively as they could. Guidelines recommended by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence are not being followed. Specialist psychological interventions should be available to ensure consistent and stable care provision.</p
Towards the automatic analysis of the structure of news stories
No full textNews stories are distinct from other types of narratives in that they typically follow a complex and non-chronological time structure. This poses challenges to the narrative analysis of news, specifically with respect to the construction of event sequences. In this paper, we propose to segment news story text according to news schema categories, which allow for identifying sentences describing a news story’s main action and other actions that happened beforehand or subsequently. To automate this task, we made observations on the linguistic devices that are used by news writers, based on a manually annotated corpus of news articles that we have constructed. Heuristics capturing these linguistic devices were then developed, underpinned by natural language processing tools as well as carefully curated look-up lists of cues. While encouraging preliminary results were obtained, the work can be further expanded by observing and capturing more linguistic devices, which can be facilitated by further annotation of news stories based on news schema categories.</p
Dichlorido-bridged dinuclear Dy(III) single-molecule magnet with an effective energy barrier larger than 600 K
No full textWe report a dichlorido-bridged dinuclear dysprosium(III) single-molecule magnet [Dy(Cy2N)2(µ-Cl)(THF)]2 which shows an effective energy barrier for magnetization reversal (Ueff) of ca. 623 K. This is by far the largest Ueff barrier for any chlorido-bridged lanthanide single-molecule magnet. We observe two relaxation processes with near-identical temperature dependencies, one of which disappears upon magnetic dilution. We suspect that these two processes are the isolated and coupled relaxation process
Mucosal lactoferrin response to genital tract infections is associated with iron and nutritional biomarkers in young Burkinabé women
No full textBACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The iron-binding affinity of vaginal lactoferrin (Lf) reduces iron available to genital pathogens. We describe host reproductive, nutritional, infection and iron biomarker profiles affecting vaginal Lf concentration in young nulliparous and primigravid women in Burkina Faso.SUBJECTS/METHODS: Vaginal eluates from women who had participated in a randomized, controlled periconceptional iron supplementation trial were used to measure Lf using a competitive double-sandwich ELISA. For this analysis samples from both trial arms were combined and pregnant and non-pregnant cohorts compared. Following randomization Lf was measured after 18 months (end assessment) for women remaining non-pregnant, and at two antenatal visits for those becoming pregnant. Associations between log Lf levels and demographic, anthropometric, infection and iron biomarker variables were assessed using linear mixed models.RESULTS: Lf samples were available for 712 non-pregnant women at end assessment and for 303 women seen at an antenatal visit. Lf concentrations of pregnant women were comparable to those of non-pregnant, sexually active women. Lf concentration increased with mid-upper-arm circumference, (P = 0.047), body mass index (P = 0.018), Trichomonas vaginalis (P < 0.001) infection, bacterial vaginosis (P < 0.001), serum C-reactive protein (P = 0.048) and microbiota community state types III/IV. Adjusted Lf concentration was positively associated with serum hepcidin (P = 0.047), serum ferritin (P = 0.018) and total body iron stores (P = 0.042). There was evidence that some women maintained persistently high or low Lf concentrations from before, and through, pregnancy.CONCLUSION: Lf concentrations increased with genital infection, higher BMI, MUAC, body iron stores and hepcidin, suggesting nutritional and iron status influence homeostatic mechanisms controlling vaginal Lf responses.</p
Essential in vitro diagnostics for advanced HIV and serious fungal diseases: international experts’ consensus recommendations
No full textReasons for underreporting of uraemic pruritus in people with chronic kidney disease: A qualitative study
No full textContext Uraemic pruritus, or itch, is common in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has a negative impact on their lives and well-being. However, for reasons currently unknown, itch often remains unreported and therefore untreated. Objectives To explore reasons for underreporting of itch in order to provide pointers for improving itch reporting and management in people with CKD. Methods We interviewed adult patients with CKD who self-reported experiencing itching in the last three years (n=25), nephrologists (n=10) and nurses (n=12) from three kidney services in the United Kingdom. Topic guides were informed by previous studies and a theoretical model of self-regulation. We conducted a thematic analysis of verbatim transcripts using Framework Analysis. ResultsWe identified three main themes reflecting factors that may influence whether itch is reported: knowledge on causes and treatment of itch (lack of awareness of the relationship between itch and CKD; lack of knowledge of treatment options); attitudes towards importance of itch as a health issue (patients’ attitudes; clinicians’ attitudes); and prompts for itch assessment during consultations (routine practice; itch as a marker; itch severity). ConclusionsUnderreporting of itch is related to patients being unaware of its causes, accepting it as something to live with, prioritising other health issues, and the length and timing of consultations. Healthcare professionals’ assessment and management of itch vary widely and are not necessarily evidence-based. Better patient information, development of clinical practice guidelines, and incorporation of routine symptom assessments into care may improve itch reporting and management in people with CKD
Completing the picture through correlative characterization
No full textNatural and manufactured materials rely on complex hierarchical microstructures to deliver a suite of interesting properties. To predict and tailor their performance requires a joined up knowledge of their multiphase microstructure, interfaces, chemistry and crystallography from the nanoscale to the macroscale. This perspective reflects on how recent developments in correlative characterisation can bring together multiple image modalities and maps of the local chemistry, structure and functionality to form rich multimodal and multiscale correlated datasets. The automated collection and digitisation of multidimensional data is an essential part of the picture for developing multiscale modelling and ‘big data’ driven machine learning approaches. These are needed both to improve our understanding of existing materials, as well as to exploit high throughput combinatorial synthesis, processing and testing methods to develop materials with bespoke properties.Materials design is increasingly focusing on a multiscale approach. This in part reflects a step-jump in the ability of scientists and engineers to tailor materials structure across multiple lengthscales, for example by self-assembly, digital printing or additive manufacture. Such advances heavily rely on their ability to obtain structural and functional information for materials across multiple scales and dimensions, and on understanding their correlations. In this context, our ability to examine materials has expanded greatly over the years, both in terms of the spatial and temporal resolution available, as well as the range of characterisation modes that can be used to visualize local features of a sample with sufficient contrast. Complementary characterisation methods can now map the local chemistry, crystallography or molecular structure, as well as the local functional and mechanical performance across many length scales (see Fig. 1). (figure 1 near here)This perspective first discusses the current status of correlative characterisation as a means of establishing rich multidimensional datasets, and then considers the important role it will play in the fast-make, fast-test data-driven discovery and manufacture of new materials going forwards. <br/
Influence of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Location on Outcomes in Patients With Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage
No full textBackground and Purpose- We investigated the prognostic significance of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage location in presence of severe intraventricular hemorrhage. Methods- We analyzed diagnostic computed tomography scans from 467/500 (excluding primary intraventricular hemorrhage) subjects from the CLEAR (Clot Lysis: Evaluating Accelerated Resolution of Intraventricular Hemorrhage) III trial. We measured intracerebral hemorrhage engagement with specific anatomic regions, and estimated association of each region with blinded assessment of dichotomized poor stroke outcomes: mortality, modified Rankin Scale score of 4 to 6, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of >4, stroke impact scale score of <60, Barthel Index <86, and EuroQol visual analogue scale score of <50 and <70 at days 30 and 180, respectively, using logistic regression models. Results- Frequency of anatomic region involvement consisted of thalamus (332 lesions, 71.1% of subjects), caudate (219, 46.9%), posterior limb internal capsule (188, 40.3%), globus pallidus/putamen (127, 27.2%), anterior limb internal capsule (108, 23.1%), and lobar (29, 6.2%). Thalamic location was independently associated with mortality (days 30 and 180) and with poor outcomes on most stroke scales at day 180 on adjusted analysis. Posterior limb internal capsule and globus pallidus/putamen involvement was associated with increased odds of worse disability at days 30 and 180. Anterior limb internal capsule and caudate locations were associated with decreased mortality on days 30 and 180. Anterior limb internal capsule lesions were associated with decreased long-term morbidity. Conclusions- Acute intracerebral hemorrhage lesion topography provides important insights into anatomic correlates of mortality and functional outcomes even in severe intraventricular hemorrhage causing obstructive hydrocephalus. Models accounting for intracerebral hemorrhage location in addition to volumes may improve outcome prediction and permit stratification of benefit from aggressive acute interventions. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00784134.</p
Spectroscopic signatures of electronic excitations in Raman scattering in thin films of rhombohedral graphite
No full textRhombohedral is a phase of graphite that features unusual electronic properties, including persistence of low-energy surface bands of a topological nature. Here, we study the contribution of electron-hole excitations towards inelastic light scattering in thin films of rhombohedral graphite. We show that, in contrast to the feature-less electron-hole contribution towards Raman spectrum of graphitic films with Bernal stacking, the inelastic light scattering accompanied by electron-hole excitations in crystals with rhombohedral stacking produces distinct features in the Raman signal which can be used both to identify the stacking and to determine the number of layers in the film