Revista Jurídica Digital UANDES
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Displaying Morally Responsible Motherhood:Lone Mothers Accounting for Work during Non-Standard Hours
No full textThis study examined how lone mothers rationalize their work during non-standard hours (e.g., evenings and weekends), which they perceive as problematic in terms of child wellbeing, and thereby as violating the culturally shared moral order of motherhood. The data comprise interviews with 16 Finnish lone mothers, analysed as accounts, with special focus on their linguistic features. The mothers displayed morally responsible motherhood through: (1) excusing work during non-standard hours as an external demand; (2) appealing to the inability to act according to good mothering ideals; (3) using adaptive strategies to protect child wellbeing; and (4) challenging the idea of risk. Our findings indicate that the moral terrain lone mothers must navigate is shaped by the ways in which their family situation contravenes powerful ideologies around good mothering, while their efforts to resist the ensuing stigma are constrained by the need to engage in work during nonstandard hours
Comparative Capitalisms and Energy Transitions: Renewable Energy in the European Union
No full textWe develop new theory pertaining to institutional determinants of renewable-energy usage across countries and over time. Building on key strands of the comparative capitalisms literature, we introduce new hypotheses relating to the 2009 Directive from the European Union (EU) on energy generation, as well as the impact of labour market regimes, national stock markets and M&A activity, among other ‘doing business’ conditions across countries. Based on a renewable energy data from 27 EU countries over a period of 11 years, we provide new tests of the determinants of renewable-energy usage. The data show strong androbust evidence of a causal impact of institutional determinants on renewable energy usage, consistent with a positive impact of the EU’s 2009 Directive, and other specific institutional factors. We discuss the implications for policy and practice
Ionic signalling in astroglia beyond calcium
No full textAstrocytes are homeostatic and protective cells of the central nervous system. Astroglial homeostatic responses are tightly coordinated with neuronal activity. Astrocytes maintain neuronal excitability through regulation of extracellular ion concentrations, as well as assisting and modulating synaptic transmission by uptake and catabolism of major neurotransmitters. Moreover, they support neuronal metabolism and detoxify ammonium and reactive oxygen species. Astroglial homeostatic actions are initiated and controlled by intercellular signalling of ions, including Ca2+, Na+, Cl−, H+ and possibly K+. This review summarises current knowledge on ionic signals mediated by the major monovalent ions, which occur in microdomains, as global events, or as propagating intercellular waves and thereby represent the substrate for astroglial excitability
FAIR Computational Workflows
No full textComputational workflows describe the complex multi-step methods that are used for data collection, data preparation, analytics, predictive modelling, and simulation that lead to new data products.They can inherently contribute to the FAIR data principles: by processing data according to established metadata; by creating metadata themselves during the processing of data; and by tracking and recording data provenance.These properties aid data quality assessment and contribute to secondary data usage. Moreover, workflows are digital objects in their own right.This paper argues that FAIR principles for workflows need to address their specific nature in terms of their composition of executable software steps, their provenance, and their development
‘We Looked After People Better When We Were Informal’: the ‘Quasi-formalisation’ of Montevideo’s Waste-pickers
No full textDrawing on participatory research, this article explores the state formalisation of Uruguayan clasificadores (waste‐pickers). It goes beyond the informal/formal binary, instead proposing the concepts of ‘para‐formality’ to describe economic activity that exists in parallel to regulated and taxed spheres, and ‘quasi‐formality’ to describe processes of formalisation that are supported by underlying informal practices. When unregulated, clasificadores enjoyed parallel services in health, finance and social security, implying that benefits of ‘formalisation’ must be explored ethnographically rather than assumed. The persistence of ‘quasi‐formal’ activity within formalised recycling plants complicates simple narratives of informal to formal transitions and suggests that the concept can be useful for the study of labour policies in Latin America and beyond
Are "Dichotic" Deficits Uniquely Dichotic?:Investigating Dichotic Performance with the Dichotic Digits Difference Test (DDdT) in a Large Clinical Population of Children Referred for an Auditory Processing Assessment
No full textBACKGROUND: Previous studies in a large population of typically developing (TD) children and a small clinical group showed high correlations between the dichotic and diotic conditions of the Dichotic Digits difference Test (DDdT), as well as between DDdT performance and measures of memory and attention.PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the performance on the DDdT in a large clinical sample.RESEARCH DESIGN: Correlational analysis between the DDdT diotic condition and the dichotic free recall (FR) right-ear, left-ear, and total (ear-averaged) conditions, as well as between DDdT and memory performance.STUDY SAMPLE: One hundred one children (6 years 3 months to 15 years 0 month, mean 9 years 6 months) were referred for assessment to the Australian Hearing Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD) service. Results were compared with data from 112 TD children collected from previously published studies.DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Z-scores were used to account for the effect of age on performance. Mean differences between clinical and TD children were investigated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pearson product-moment correlations determined the strength of relationships between DDdT conditions and the number memory forward (NMF) and reversed (NMR) subtests of the Test of Auditory Processing Skills-Third Edition.RESULTS: Performance by the clinical group on the DDdT dichotic FR (RE, LE, and total) conditions was significantly correlated with the diotic condition (r = 0.7; 0.7, 0.8; p < 0.001). Significant correlations were found between the DDdT diotic and dichotic FR conditions and the NMF (r = 0.5-0.6, p < 0.001) and NMR (r = 0.2-0.5, p < 0.025-0.001). ANOVA revealed no significant difference between the TD and clinical groups (p = 1.0000) in respect to the advantage they got from dichotic listening (calculated as dichotic FR total minus diotic score). Multiple regression revealed that diotic performance and short-term memory accounted for 68% of the variation in dichotic performance. Random measurement error accounted for a further 16%.CONCLUSIONS: Factors other than dichotic performance strongly impact a child's ability to perform a dichotic digit listening task. This result has widespread implications in respect to the interpretation of CAPD test results.</p
Changing research on research evaluation: A critical review to revisit the agenda
No full textThe current range and volume of research evaluation-related literature is extensive and incorporates scholarly- and policy/practice-related perspectives. This reflects academic and practical interest over many decades and trails the changing funding and reputational modalities for universities, namely increased selectivity applied to institutional research funding streams and the perceived importance of university rankings and other reputational devices. To make sense of this highly diverse body of literature, we undertake a critical review of over 350 works constituting, in our view, the ‘state-of-the-art’ on institutional performance-based research evaluation arrangements (PREAs). We focus on PREAs because they are becoming the predominant means world-wide to allocate research funds and accrue reputation for universities. We highlight the themes addressed in the literature and offer critical commentary on the balance of scholarly- and policy/practice-related orientations. We then reflect on five limitations to the state-of-the-art and propose a new agenda, and a change of perspective, to progress this area of research in future studies
Mechanistic models as framework for understanding biomarker disposition:Prediction of creatinine-drug interactions
No full textCreatinine is widely used as a biomarker of glomerular filtration, and, hence, renal function. However, transporter-mediated secretion also contributes to its renal clearance, albeit to a lesser degree. Inhibition of these transporters causes transient serum creatinine elevation, which can be mistaken as impaired renal function. The current study developed mechanistic models of creatinine kinetics within physiologically based framework accounting for multiple transporters involved in creatinine renal elimination, assuming either unidirectional or bidirectional-OCT2 transport (driven by electrochemical gradient). Robustness of creatinine models was assessed by predicting creatinine-drug interactions with 10 perpetrators; performance evaluation accounted for 5% intra-individual variability in serum creatinine. Models showed comparable predictive performances of the maximum steady-state effect regardless of OCT2 directionality assumptions. However, only the bidirectional- OCT2 model successfully predicted the minimal effect of ranitidine. The dynamic nature of models provides clear advantage to static approaches and most advanced framework for evaluating interplay between multiple processes in creatinine renal disposition
Prevalence, nature and predictors of omitted medication doses in mental health hospitals: a multi-centre study
No full textBackground: Whilst the burden and nature of omitted medication doses in general hospitals is now better understood, in-depth evidence from mental health hospitals is limited which could severely limit improvement efforts in this unique setting. Objective: Determine the prevalence, nature and predictors of omitted medication doses affecting inpatients in two English National Health Service (NHS) mental health trusts.Setting: Two NHS trusts: twenty seven adult and elderly wards across 9 hospitals. Method: Over 6 data collection days spanning a 3 month period trained pharmacy teams screened inpatient prescription charts for scheduled and omitted medication doses. Data were collected for inpatients admitted up to two weeks prior to each data collection day. Omitted doses were classified as ‘time critical’ and ‘preventable’ based on established criteria. Multilevel logistic regression analyses using STATA v15® determined the effects of ward, medication and patient factors on the likelihood of omitted dose occurrence. Main outcome measure: Omitted dose rates were presented as frequencies with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and omitted dose risks as adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI. Results: 18,664 scheduled medication doses were screened for 444 inpatients and 2,717 omissions were identified, giving a crude rate of 14.6% (95% CI 14.1-15.1). The crude rate of ‘time critical’ omitted doses was 19.3% (95% CI 16.3-22.6%). ‘Preventable’ omitted doses comprised one third of all omissions (34.5%, 930/2694). Logistic regression analysis revealed that medicines affecting the central nervous system were 55% less likely to be omitted compared to all other medication classes (9.9% vs. 18.8%, OR 0.45 (0.40-0.52)) and that scheduled doses administered using non-oral routes were more likely to be omitted compared the oral route (inhaled OR 3.47 (2.64-4.57), topical 2.71 (2.11-3.46), ‘other’ 2.15 (1.19-3.90)). ‘Preventable’ dose omissions were more than twice as likely to occur for ‘time critical’ medications than non-time critical medications (50.4% vs. 33.8%, OR 2.24 (1.22-4.11)).Conclusion: Omitted medication doses occur commonly in mental health hospitals with ‘preventable’ omissions a key contributor to this burden. Important targets for remedial intervention have been identified which should be used to guide efforts to minimise dose omission in mental health settings.<br/
