Revista Jurídica Digital UANDES
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Global c <sup>1</sup>regularity of the value function in optimal stopping problems
No full textWe show that if either the process is strong Feller and the boundary point is probabilistically regular for the stopping set, or the process is strong Markov and the boundary point is probabilistically regular for the interior of the stopping set, then the boundary point is Green regular for the stopping set. Combining this implication with the existence of a continuously differentiable flow of the process we show that the value function is continuously differentiable at the optimal stopping boundary whenever the gain function is so. The derived fact holds both in the parabolic and elliptic case of the boundary value problem under the sole hypothesis of probabilistic regularity of the optimal stopping boundary, thus improving upon known analytic results in the PDE literature, and establishing the fact for the first time in the case of integro-differential equations. The method of proof is purely probabilistic and conceptually simple. Examples of application include the first known probabilistic proof of the fact that the time derivative of the value function in the American put problem is continuous across the optimal stopping boundary.</p
Young children’s ability to produce valid and relevant counter-arguments
No full textIn collaborative problem solving, children produce and evaluate arguments for proposals. We investigated whether 3‐ and 5‐year‐olds (N = 192) can produce and evaluate arguments against those arguments (i.e., counter‐arguments). In Study 1, each child within a peer dyad was privately given a reason to prefer one over another solution to a task. One child, however, was given further information that would refute the reasoning of their partner. Five‐year‐olds, but not 3‐year‐olds, identified and produced valid and relevant counter‐arguments. In Study 2, 3‐year‐olds were given discourse training (discourse that contrasted valid and invalid counter‐arguments) and then given the same problem‐solving tasks. After training, 3‐year‐olds could also identify and produce valid and relevant counter‐arguments. Thus, participating in discourse about reasons facilitates children’s counter‐argumentation
Epigenetic EGFR gene repression confers colon neuroendocrine carcinomas sensitivity to therapeutic BRAFV600E blockade
No full textPurpose: The limited knowledge of the molecular alterations that characterize poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas has limited the clinical development of targeted agents directed to driver mutations. Here we aim to identify new molecular targets in colon neuroendocrine carcinomas (co-NEC) and proof the efficacy of matching drugs.Experimental Design: We performed a multiomic analysis of co-NEC to identify genetic or epigenetic alterations that could be exploited as effective drug targets. We compared co-NEC samples with colorectal carcinomas (CRC) to identify neuroendocrine specific traits. Patients with co-NEC and derived-xenografts (PDX) were treated with a BRAFV600E blocking drug to demonstrate sensitivity.Results: co-NEC and CRC are similar in their mutational repertoire, although co-NECs are particularly enriched in BRAFV600E mutations. We report for the first time that V600EBRAF mutant colon neuroendocrine carcinomas may benefit from BRAF inhibition in monotherapy and how EGFR status is essential to predict innate sensitivity and acquired resistance by a differential methylation of its gene regulatory regions.Conclusions: The identification of V600E BRAF mutations in high grade colon neuroendocrine carcinomas has allowed the description of radiological responses to combination therapy of BRAF and MEK inhibitors in basket clinical trials. However, the molecular rationale for this treatment combination was based on the presence of the BRAF mutation and the efficacy observed in other cancer types such as melanoma. Future drug development in this setting should test BRAF inhibitors upfront and the addition of anti-EGFR antibodies instead of MEK inhibitors for an efficient blockade of acquired resistance
Progressing Green Infrastructure planning:understanding its scalar, temporal, geo-spatial and disciplinary evolution
No full textGrowing recognition has developed between policy-makers and practitioners that green infrastructure (GI) provides an approach to planning for effectively integrating ecosystems, biodiversity, socio-economic and political factors into a coherent framework for environmental management. While there has been progressive development of the concept, a deeper analysis demonstrates that this process has been disjointed. We identify four factors or ‘axes’ related to: temporal, geographic, scalar, and disciplinary variation, which have shaped how GI is promoted and implemented. This paper traces coalescence and divergence across GI planning, using these four axes to map the concept’s development. It also questions whether the lack of alignment between GI research and Impact Assessment (IA) is grounded in existing disciplinary mentalities or related to governance or geographical variation. From this analysis, we identify that these factors interact with socio-political and economic drivers shaping the terminology used, but this is not translated into effective evaluative practice. Although flexibility is one of the main strengths of GI, we argue that some degree of harmonisation will help advance the use of GI in environmental planning and assessment
Epsilon factors as algebraic characters on the smooth dual of
No full textLet be a non-archimedean local field and let . We have shown in previous work that the smooth dual admits a complex structure: in this article we show how the epsilon factors interface with this complex structure. The epsilon factors, up to a constant term, factor as invariant characters through the corresponding complex tori. For the arithmetically unramified smooth dual of , we provide explicit formulas for the invariant characters
Astral Divination in the Dead Sea Scrolls
No full textThe contribution focuses on the Aramaic zodiacal calendars, 4QZodiac Calendar (4Q318 cols vii-viii line 6a) and 4QAstronomical Enoch a-b (4Q208-4Q209) within the context of related manuscripts from Qumran. Further detailed information about the Astronomy and the Calendar (Table 1) is contained in the Historical Glossary of Important terms in Hellenistic Astronom
Loneliness in the lives of Danish adolescents:Associations with health and sleep
No full textAim. We examined the relationship between loneliness and health among young adolescents. We also investigated the validity of a single item measure of loneliness by comparing this to a composite score. Methods. The current data comes from a nationally representative sample of 11-15 year old adolescents (N = 3305; F = 52%) from Denmark collected in 2014 as part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) collaborative cross-national survey. Results. A series of binary logistic regressions showed that higher loneliness among adolescents, whether measured using the single- or multi-item measurement, was associated with poorer self-rated health, higher frequency of headache, stomach-ache, back-ache, difficulties sleeping, greater sleep disturbance, and more instances of feeling tired in the morning. Those associations were relatively consistent across gender and age groups. Conclusions. Loneliness is associated with poorer self-reported health and sleep problems among young adolescents. Those findings are similar across two measures of loneliness, suggesting robust findings. The development of interventions and health education efforts to fight loneliness in adolescence is important
The performance of the three-float M4 wave energy converter off Albany, on the south coast of western Australia, compared to Orkney (EMEC) in the U.K.
No full textIn this study we compare wave climates and their potential for wave energy conversion for the two energetic but quite different sites of Albany and Orkney. Energy capture is based on the M4 machine with well defined characteristics. The M4 machine is a self reacting system with 3 floats, each float with a circular cross-section when viewed from above. The smaller two floats are rigidly connected by a beam, and the largest float is connected to the mid float by a beam with a hinge. The machine generates power through the relative angular motion of this hinge above the middle float. The machine performance was previously assessed for various locations in the eastern North Atlantic including the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) site west of the Orkney Islands, Scotland, for wave power output (Santo et al., 2016a) and extreme response (Santo et al., 2017). In this study, we apply the analysis to a location off Albany on the south coast of western Australia, an area well-known for almost continuous exposure to long period swells. We use Australian Department of Transport (DOT) wave buoy data measured in 60m of water over the period 2009 2017. The hourly data is close to continuous but contains some gapscorresponding to 13% of the total duration, these are patched to form a continuous wave record. Having sized the machine based on mean wave period, extreme wave height statistical analysis is performed using storm-based identification and a peaks-over-threshold technique, following Santo et al. (2016b), providing information relevant for any wave energy converter at the location. From operability and power scheme economics, we then compare the optimal size of machine, practical power output and the associated variability in power produced by an M4 machine at Albany to the open North Atlantic location off the Orkneys. This is performed with the methodology outlined in Santo et al. (2016a). For survivability, it is important to identify extremes of machine motion. Hence, extreme responses are also compared for the central hinge angle of the machine in survival mode with the power take-off turned off. We find that a much larger machine is required at Albany, because of the longer waves compared to Orkney. However, at the two very different locations the power/cost ratios are similar
Variety in the innovation process of UK research and development service firms
No full textResearch and development service firms (RDSFs) are a particular type of technology-based knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). RDSFs provide clients with R&D services on a contract basis, and operate as knowledge intermediaries linking research and market. They are innovative in their own right, as well as supporting innovation efforts by their clients; they rely on their own innovation efforts to be competitive and to develop new value propositions for their clients. The present paper explores the innovation process in RDSFs, drawing on semi-structured interviews with founders and senior managers of 32 companies in the United Kingdom. Our findings suggest that RDSFs vary considerably in terms of their primary innovation drivers (i.e. whether they are mainly driven by market demands or by technological opportunities) and the outcomes they pursue (i.e. whether their outputs are mainly services to clients or a mixture of services and products and/or intellectual property). Four major orientations of RDSFs were identified: (i) technology-based innovation exploiters; (ii) science-focused innovation explorers; (iii) client-driven innovation integrators; and (iv) open innovation translators. This variety among firms normally belonging to the same, small subsector of KIBS, suggests the need for caution in generalising about behaviour in terms of such statistical groupings
What is the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder, extreme appraisals of internal states and symptoms of bipolar disorder?
No full textBackground: It is important to understand the factors associated with more severe mood symptoms in bipolar disorder. The Integrative Cognitive Model of Bipolar Disorder proposes that extreme appraisals of changes to internal states maintain and exacerbate mood symptoms. Aims: The current study aimed to investigate if Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is related to current depressive and manic bipolar symptoms and whether this relationship is mediated by appraisals of internal state. Methods: Participants with bipolar disorder (N = 82) from a randomised controlled trial of cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder (the TEAMS trial) completed self-reported questionnaires assessing appraisals of internal state, generalised anxiety symptoms, and self-reported and observer-rated depressive and manic symptoms. Clinical interviews assessed PTSD comorbidity. Results: Participants with bipolar and comorbid PTSD (N = 27) had higher depressive symptoms and more conflicting appraisals than those without PTSD. Regression analyses found PTSD to be associated with depressive symptoms but not manic symptoms. Conflicting appraisals were found to be associated only with manic symptoms meaning that the planned mediation analysis could not be completed. Conclusions: Findings provide partial support for the Integrative Cognitive Model of Bipolar Disorder and highlight the need for transdiagnostic treatments in bipolar disorder due to the prevalence and impact of trauma and comorbidity. Working on trauma experiences in therapy may impact on depressive symptoms for those with bipolar disorder and comorbid PTSD