Revista Jurídica Digital UANDES
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John Finnis, el profesor
No full textSe ha escrito bastante sobre “el profesor Finnis”. Esta contribución, en cambio, se enfocará en “Finnis, el profesor”. Esta inversión de los factores alterará el producto. Pues saldrá a la luz, no directamente la obra del profesor Finnis, sino su persona, en dos dimensiones íntimamente relacionadas (y relacionadas con su ser profesor): la docencia y la investigación. Otros aspectos de su persona, incluida su personalidad —aspectos que bien podrían llamarse “biográficos”— no serán objeto de este estudio, aunque, inevitablemente la persona y la personalidad aflorarán a través de la docencia y la investigación del profesor. Una aclaración metodológica, que es simultáneamente un acto de defensa propia. Mucho de lo recogido en estas páginas se basa en la interacción de su autor con el profesor Finnis. Ergo, hay aquí un toque de autorreferencia inevitable. No pediré perdón por ella, pero sí aclararé que mi intención es ponerla al servicio del descubrimiento de la estatura monumental del homenajeado, para lo cual el objetivo que guiará estas autorreferencias siempre comandará la máxima fidelidad posible a la realidad de lo relatado. El homenajeado se parece a uno de esos felinos casi invisibles en la naturaleza. Sacarles una foto que merezca la pena puede justificar el uso de una cámara con un lente especial. Pero el objetivo siempre estará centrado en la fiera; la cámara es como el sobre de una carta, que se tira una vez leída
Diplomatic salvation:Buddhist exchanges and Sino-Japanese Rapprochement in the Cold War Era
No full textThe role of (historical) pragmatics in the use of response particles. The case of French.
No full textThis paper studies the synchronic uses and diachronic evolution of a small set of so-called “response particles” in French, viz. the contemporary forms oui (‘yes’), si (‘yes’), and non (‘no’), and their historical sources, as well as a by now largely obsolete fourth particle nenni (‘no’). Among current models of response particle usage, the leading syntactic model is argued to be fundamentally flawed, while the leading semantic model reveals itself incapable of providing an empirically accurate account of the present-day uses of the French particles. Instead, (historical) pragmatics is shown to constitute an indispensable component of such an account. This is hypothesized to be true not just for French, but across languages. In addition, analysis of the French data throws (further) doubt on the explanatory power of the concept of synchronic functional paradigms
Theorizing arts-based collaborative research processes
No full textIntroduction In its report into interdisciplinary research entitled Crossing Paths (2015) the British Academy elaborated on what they identified as the potential benefits, but also the many challenges, of working across disciplines to achieve research goals which address enduring problems in the world. In this chapter we explore some of the issues raised in the British Academy report as we believe they resonate with our own experiences of how creative arts methods can be incorporated into an interdisciplinary research project. We document and analyse how we used arts-based methods from the outset in our work, which was built around a collaboration across disciplines, modes and professions on the AHRC funded project Researching Multilingually at the Borders of Language, Law, the Body and the State, (AH/L006936/1). We theorise here our collaborative and transformative practice by drawing upon thinking firstly from new materialists (e.g. Barad, 2003; Dolphijn & van der Tuin, 2012) and secondly from interthinking, a concept developed by applied linguists and educational psychologists (e.g. Littleton & Mercer 2013). New materialism (discussed in detail later in this chapter) explores what Barad (2003) names intra-action between components of phenomena which shape each other by coming into contact with each other. For our work this could involve examples of discussion of research planning being shaped by, and transformed by, exploration using metaphor and dramatisation. Interthinking (also discussed later in the chapter) supports our understanding of how the different modes of communication, including languages, facilitate collaborative problem-solving in teams. Translingual practice (drawing upon Canagarajah’s 2013 term for the flexible uses of language and other modes of communication for specific effects whether communicative, poetic, activist or other) occurred regularly in our collaborative work reported in this chapter (see also Fay et al., 2016, for deeper discussion of translingual practice). The chapter takes the following structure: (i) background to the interdisciplinary research project; (ii) selected principles from new materialist thinkers and writers on interthinking in language and education, as deemed relevant to this chapter; (iii) the presentation and discussion of two vignettes from the project of arts-based, collaborative, transformative and translingual practice; and, (iv) a conclusion with reflections on implications for future research projects seeking to implement and conceptualise their own interdisciplinary, arts-based research
Schlick and Wittgenstein: The Theory of Affirmations Revisited
No full textViewed from the perspective of the epistemology of science, Schlick’s theory of affirmations was an obvious failure. Most interpreters either reject his conception wholesale or save only parts of it at the cost of discarding others. This paper investigates whether it is possible to provide a more favorable reading by placing Schlick’s affirmations in a broader interpretive framework than the Vienna Circle’s protocol sentence debate, namely, his longstanding concern with skepticism. I argue that reading Schlick’s affirmations as an attempt to improve his old, pre-Vienna Circle response to skepticism by the new means that his discussions with Wittgenstein and familiarity with his unpublished writings made available does possess plausibility as an interpretation of authorial intentions. Yet, while this reading makes better sense of Schlick’s theory of affirmations than common attributions of foundationalist ambitions, I show that it ultimately does not “save” his theory either.</p
Valuing a translingual mindset in researcher education in Anglophone higher education:Supervision perspectives
No full textThis article explores some implications of plurilingualism and translingual practice for teaching and learning in higher education. Research in this area tends to focus on the undergraduate experience whereas our focus is on doctoral supervision, a less-discussed but rich site for studying plurilingual and translingual practice. We consider linguistic aspects of research supervision interactions and linguistic practices in research sites in real world contexts. Revisiting a data set of written, self-reported, researcher profiles, the article explores how doctoral researchers and supervisors explain, and reflect on, their linguistic practices in supervision interactions and associated research practices. The data set is analysed by means of a thematic analysis informed by our reading of applied linguistics research into plurilingualism and translingual practice. The analysis highlights a wide range of linguistic practices and conceptualisations of languages in research, including, on the one hand, a separation of languages, and, on the other, a fluidity in how researchers use their diverse linguistic resources for different purposes in their research practice. The article concludes with the recommendation that researcher education should foreground language more than is currently evident in some Anglophone higher education contexts, and that this can be framed in terms of plurilingualism and translingual practice.</p
Ancestry.com and the evolving nature of historical information companies
No full textThis study of the genealogy and biotech company Ancestry analyses the ways in which the organisation has evolved over the past few years. Ancestry is difficult to categorise as a corporate entity. The company trades in servicing both ‘traditional’ types of history (genealogical records) and, more recently, biotech-based investigation through the use of DNA sequencing. Ancestry is highly influential in the way that millions of people around the world access the past. Given this, the company’s shifts in focus are of great interest. Through considering various new elements of the way that Ancestry functions, and illustrating that this complexity is foundational to its purpose, the article suggests the company is redefining what a public historian or public historical institution might be, adding a scientific dimension to historical data and also acting to present a particular model of the past through its advertising campaigns. The article suggests that public history’s models for considering such protean organisations are in need of attention, and the complexity of such a company demonstrates new challenges and opportunities for scholars in the field
The role of phosphodiesterase 4 in excessive daytime sleepiness in Parkinson's disease
No full textINTRODUCTION: Preclinical studies suggest a link between cAMP/PKA signalling, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) expression and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Here, we investigated in vivo the association between PDE4 expression and EDS in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients using [11C]rolipram PET and MR imaging.METHODS: Eighteen participants, 12 PD and 6 healthy controls, underwent one [11C]rolipram PET and a multi-modal MRI scan. Probabilistic tractography was performed on subjects' diffusion data to functionally parcellate the striatum according with projections to limbic cortical areas. The severity of EDS was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). To assess PDE4 expression in PD patients with EDS, the PD cohort was divided according to the presence (n = 5) or absence (n = 7) of EDS, defined using validated cut-off of score ≥10 on the ESS as score ≥10 on the ESS.RESULTS: PD patients with EDS showed significantly increased [11C]rolipram volume of distribution (VT) in the caudate (P = 0.029), hypothalamus (P = 0.013), hippocampus (P = 0.036) and limbic striatum (P = 0.030) compared to patients without EDS. Furthermore, higher ESS scores correlated with increased [11C]rolipram VT in the caudate (r = 0.77; P = 0.003), hypothalamus (r = 0.84; P = 0.001), hippocampus (r = 0.81; P = 0.001) and limbic subdivisions of the striatum (r = 0.80; P = 0.003).CONCLUSION: Our findings translate into humans preclinical data indicating that EDS is associated with elevated PDE4 in regions regulating sleep. The severity of EDS in PD was associated with elevated PDE4 expression; thus, suggesting a role of PDE4 in the pathophysiology of EDS in PD.</p
Bioactivity, Osteogenic and Angiogenic Potential of Sodium-free Fluoride-containing Bioactive Glasses
No full textObjectives: To study the bioactivity of sodium-free fluoride-containing BGs (FBGs) in α-MEM and discover the in vitro osteogenic and angiogenic potential of FBGs-conditioned α-MEM on mouse osteoblast-like cell line MC3T3-E1.Methods: A series of FBGs (SiO2-P2O5-CaO-CaF2, 0-9.3 mol% CaF2) was synthesized by a melt-quench route. The ion release profiles (Calcium, Phosphorus and Fluoride) and apatite formation of FBGs in α-MEM were explored by ICP-OES, fluoride-ion selective electrode and FTIR. The cytotoxicity of culture media containing ions released from FBGs was evaluated by MTT assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in MC3T3-E1 cultured with BG-conditioned media was assessed by enzyme histochemical assay. The mineralization and collagen formation abilities of FBGs were quantified by Alizarin Red S staining and Sirius Red staining. The expression of osteogenic and angiogenic genes in MC3T3-E1 was investigated by qRT-PCR.Results: Rapid ion release and apatite formation in α-MEM were observed for all FBGs. Characteristic FTIR apatite bands were noticed for FBGs after 9h immersion. Cell viability suggested that the studied FBGs were non-cytotoxic. Lower ALP activity was found for FBGs with higher fluoride contents. The addition of fluoride promoted mineralization, collagen formation and the expression of osteogenic and angiogenic genes in MC3T3-E1. Compared to fluoride-containing BGs with sodium (NaFBGs), a higher amount of fluoride was incorporated into FBGs resulted in improved glass biological effects. Conclusions: The bioactivity of FBGs and their osteogenic and angiogenic potential on osteoblasts-like MC3T3-E1 in α-MEM were investigated for the first time. These highly bioactive FBGs were non-cytotoxic and offered distinct angiogenic and osteogenic response to MC3T3-E1 suggesting that they could be safe and attractive for clinical application as bone substitutes
A new luminescence lifetime macro-imager based on Tpx3Cam optical camera
No full textProperties of a novel ultra-fast optical imager, Tpx3Cam, were investigated for macroscopic wide-field phosphorescent lifetime imaging (PLIM) applications. The camera is based on a novel optical sensor and Timepix3 readout chip with time resolution of 1.6 ns, recording of photon arrival time and time over threshold for each pixel, and readout rate of 80 megapixels per second. In this study, we coupled the camera to an image intensifier, a 760 nm emission filter and a 50 mm lens, and with a super-bright 625nm LED providing pulsed excitation of a 18x18mm sample area. The resulting macro-imager with compact and rigid optical alignment of its main components was characterised using planar phosphorescent O2 sensors and a resolution plate mask. Several acquisition and image processing algorithms were evaluated to optimise the system resolution and performance for the wide-field PLIM, followed by imaging a variety of phosphorescent samples. The new PLIM system looks promising, particularly for phosphorescence lifetime-based imaging of O2 in various chemical and biological samples