Revista Jurídica Digital UANDES
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Autoantigens PLA2R and THSD7A in membranous nephropathy share a common epitope motif in the N-terminal domain
No full textPatients with membranous nephropathy have autoantibodies against PLA2R (up to 80%), or THSD7A (up to 2%). We previously described the immunodominant epitope within PLA2R but epitopes in THSD7A are still unknown. To find anti-THSD7A sera for this study, we screened 1843 sera from biopsy-proven MN patients by ELISA and identified 22 sera as anti-THSD7A positive representing 1.2% of MN cases. Anti-THSD7A positive sera were further characterized by western blotting and slot blotting on THSD7A protein fragments and peptides. Real time interaction analyses and antibodies off-rate could be reliably determined using bio-layer interferometry.A signature motif in the N-terminus domain of THSD7A (T28mer) with sequence homology to the major PLA2R epitope (P28mer) was identified. B-cell epitope prediction analysis and homology modelling revealed this sequence to be antigenic and surface available suggesting it is accessible for the antibody to bind. All ten selected sera bound to the T28mer confirming this sequence as a dominant epitope in THSD7A. Reactivity to this sequence was lost following kallikrein protease cleavage within the predicted epitope. Importantly, cross-reactivity of both PLA2R and THSD7A autoantibodies was observed at the peptide but not the protein level. We propose that this common motif shared by both autoantigens could be an epitope involved in the initial B-cell triggering event in MN. <br/
Collaborative Authentication using Threshold Cryptography
No full textWe propose a collaborative authentication protocol where multiple user devices (e.g., a smartphone, a smartwatch and a wristband) collaborate to authenticate the user to a third party service provider. Our protocol uses a threshold signature scheme as the main building block. The use of threshold signatures minimises the security threats in that the user devices only store shares of the signing key (i.e., the private key) and the private key is never reconstructed. For user devices that do not have secure storage capability (e.g., some wearables), we propose to use fuzzy extractors to generate their secret shares using behaviometric information when needed, so that there is no need for them to store any secret material. We discuss how to reshare the private key without reconstructing it in case a new device is added and how to repair shares that are lost due to device loss or damage. Our implementation results demonstrate the feasibility of the protocol
China, Responsibility to Protect, and the Case of Syria:From Sovereignty Protection to Pragmatism
No full textWill the rise of China, an authoritarian, party-state with a poor record of protecting its citizens’ human rights, undermine humanitarian intervention? This question has been particularly pertinent since China’s “assertive turn” in foreign policy. Drawing on the case of Chinese reactions to the humanitarian crisis in Syria, this article argues that China’s attitude toward humanitarian intervention remains ambiguous and contradic- tory. While China has at times prevented the UN Security Council from threatening sanctions on Syria, it has not necessarily denied that a humanitarian crisis exists. The article shows that the People’s Republic of China is beginning to act more as a norm maker than norm taker, and is offering its own vision of humanitarian intervention, coined as “responsible protection.
Recruitment and methodological issues in conducting dementia research in British ethnic minorities:A qualitative systematic review
No full textObjective: Identifying existing recruitment and methodological issues within dementia research conducted in UK studies that included ethnic minorities. Methods: We searched for and included any publication detailing dementia research in the UK that included any ethnic minority. The search results and all titles and abstracts were screened according to the inclusion criteria, followed by screening of the full texts. We extracted data regarding the recruitment and methodological issues faced by the researchers. This data was combined and listed and related issues were grouped into overarching themes and subthemes.Results: Of 52 publications suitable for analysis, 33 provided data collated into six themes; attitudes and beliefs about dementia in ethnic minority communities, recruitment process, data collection issues, practical issues, researcher characteristics and lack of published research and normative data. These themes allowed us to identify three areas responsible for addressing these recruitment and methodological issues; community and patient education, health services and researchers’ training.Conclusions: This is the first review identifying recruitment and methodological issues within UK dementia research that included ethnic minorities. We now have a compilation of reported existing issues and a framework of areas responsible for addressing them and devising solutions. <br/
Secular changes in functional disability, pain, fatigue and mental well-being in early rheumatoid arthritis:A longitudinal meta-analysis
No full textObjectives: To conduct a systematic review and longitudinal meta-analysis of early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohorts with long-term data on pain, fatigue or mental well-being. Methods: Searches using PUBMED, EMBASE and PyscInfo were performed to identify all early RA cohorts with longitudinal measures of pain, fatigue or mental well-being, along with clinical measures. Using longitudinal meta-analyses, the progression of each outcome over the first 60-months was estimated. Cohorts were stratified based on the median recruitment year to investigate secular trends in disease progression. Results: Of 7,319 papers identified, 75 met the inclusion criteria and 46 cohorts from 41 publications provided sufficient data on 18,046 patients for meta-analysis. The Disease Activity Scores (DAS28) and the ShortForm 36 (SF-36) Physical Component Score (PCS) indicated that post-2002 cohorts had statistically significant improvements over the first 60-months compared to pre-2002 cohorts, with standardised mean differences (SMD) of 0.86 (95% Confidence Intervals 0.34 to 1.37) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.25 to 1.27) respectively at month-60. However, post-2002 cohorts indicated statistically non-significant improvements in pain, fatigue, functional disability and SF-36 Mental Component Score (MCS) compared to pre-2002 cohorts, with SMD of 0.24 (95% CI -0.25 to 0.74), 0.38 (95% CI -0.11 to 0.88), 0.34 (95% CI -0.15-0.84) and -0.08 (95% CI -0.41 to 0.58) at month-60 respectively. Conclusions: Recent cohorts indicate improved levels of disease activity and physical quality of life, however this has not translated into similar improvements in levels of pain, fatigue and functional disability by 60-months.<br/
Public procurement, innovation and industrial policy: rationales, roles, capabilities and implementation
No full textRecent thinking about innovation and industrial policy emphasises purposeful related diversification strategies or more transformative – but potentially riskier – challenge-oriented policies. Meanwhile public procurement is increasingly seen as a key means of fostering innovation. We conceptualize the multiple roles of public procurement in an innovation policy landscape shaped by these emerging rationales, and explore the complexities and institutional work associated with its implementation. We identify some possible roles for government in fostering diversification and transformation through public procurement and explore the implementation challenges of institutionalising public procurement as part of innovation policy. Both the multiple potential roles of public procurement and the institutional work associated with its implementation are illustrated with the case of Galicia, Spain
El principio de culpabilidad: ente rector de la imputación subjetiva por dolo o por imprudencia
No full textThis paper focuses on the importance of the guilt principle as a determining agent of subjective imputation due to fraud or imprudence. It also pays attention to the principle’s importance in its relationship with the principles of legality and human dignity, both institutes of wide spectrum and solid anchoring in the study and elaboration of the constitutional discipline nowadays. Finally, it highlights the circumstances of legal nature and the jurisprudential pronouncements that grant the guilt principle with constitutional relevance in Venezuela and Chile, even though these are not expressly enshrined in the constitutions of the aforementioned countries.En el trabajo se resalta la importancia del principio culpabilístico como ente determinador de la imputación subjetiva por dolo o por imprudencia, así como también se pone de relieve la trascendencia que corresponde a dicho principio en su relación con los principios de legalidad y de la dignidad humana, institutos estos de amplio espectro y sólido anclaje en el estudio y elaboración de la disciplina constitucional de la actualidad. De igual manera, se destacan las circunstancias de orden legal y los pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales que conceden al principio de culpabilidad innegable relevancia constitucional en las repúblicas de Venezuela y Chile, no obstante no estar consagrado expresamente en las constituciones de dichos países
Análisis y comentarios a la ley N° 21.220 que modifica el Código del Trabajo en materia de trabajo a distancia
No full textCon motivo de la reciente dictación de la ley N° 21.220 que “modifica el Código del Trabajo en materia de trabajo a distancia”, se incorporó un nuevo Capítulo IX al Título II del Libro I del Código del Trabajo, denominado “Del Trabajo a Distancia y Teletrabajo”, que entre los artículos 152 qúater G a O, introdujo una serie de modificaciones e innovaciones en la materia. El objetivo de este artículo es dar cuenta de las principales innovaciones de la ley, poniendo énfasis en los aspectos más problemáticos o que mayores dudas han generado en los operadores jurídicos, utilizando como marco normativo la propia ley N° 21.220 publicada el 26 de marzo de 2020, el dictamen ordinario N° 1389/007 de la Dirección del Trabajo del 26 de marzo de 2020, la Ley N° 16.744 que establece normas sobre accidentes del trabajo y enfermedades profesionales, y demás normativa aplicable