Revista Jurídica Digital UANDES
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Langerhans cells express human beta defensin-3:relevance for immunity during skin ageing
No full textAgeing and immunosenescence are associated with an increased susceptibility to skin infections and skin cancers. Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) survey the skin microenvironment for pathogens and tumour cells and migrate to lymph nodes to present antigen. In humans there are fewer epidermal LC in aged as compared with young skin and their migration is reduced in response to trauma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. We have also shown that interleukin (IL)-1β gene expression is reduced in aged skin and that LC migration is restored by exogenous IL-1β. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</p
Biliary Tract Cancer: State of the Art and promising targeted therapies under development
No full textBiliary tract cancers (BTCs), including cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer and ampullary cancers, are poor-prognosis malignancies. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced disease, when treatment is limited to palliative chemotherapy. First line chemotherapy is usually administered in the form of cisplatin and gemcitabine. Benefit from second line chemotherapy is still to be confirmed. Even though new systemic treatment targets have been recognised, especially in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (e.g. IDH and FGFR), there is an urgent need for novel treatment strategies. Genomic profiling of BTC is progressively becoming a reality which allows a better understanding of their biology and potential new targets. This review provides an insight into DNA Damage Repair (DDR) mechanisms, prevalence of DDR-deficient tumours in BTC, and the potential role of DDR in cancer development. Some form of DDR deficiency is expected to be present in around 25% of patients with BTC, and this knowledge could be exploited to potentially increase response to currently-available treatment strategies (chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy). For patients with DDR-proficient tumours, drug inhibition of DDR could be instituted
Correlates of hearing aid use in UK adults: self-reported hearing difficulties, social participation, living situation, health and demographics
No full textObjectives. Hearing impairment is ranked 5th globally for years lived with disability, yet hearing aid use is low among individuals with a hearing impairment. Identifying correlates of hearing aid use would be helpful in developing interventions to promote use. To date, however, no studies have investigated a wide range of variables, and this has limited intervention development. The aim of the present study was to identify correlates of hearing aid use in adults in the United Kingdom with a hearing impairment. To address limitations in previous studies, we used cross-sectional analysis to model a wide range of potential correlates simultaneously in order to provide better evidence to aid intervention development. Design. The research was conducted using the UK Biobank Resource. A cross-sectional analysis of hearing aid use was conducted on 18,730 participants aged 40-69 years old with poor hearing,based on performance on the Digit Triplet Test. Results. Nine percent of adults with poor hearing in the cross-sectional sample reported using a hearing aid. The strongest correlate of hearing aid use was self-reported hearing difficulties (OR 110.69 [95% CI65.12, 188.16]). Individuals who were older were more likely to use a hearing aid: for each additional year of age, individuals were 5% more likely to use a hearing aid (95%CI 1.04, 1.06). People with tinnitus (OR 1.43 [95% CI 1.26, 1.63]), and people with achronic illness (OR 1.97 [95% CI 1.71, 2.28]), were more likely to use a hearing aid.Those who reported an ethnic minority background (OR 0.53 [95% CI 0.39, 0.72]) and those who lived alone (0.80 [95% CI 0.68, 0.94]) were less likely to use a hearing aid.Conclusion. Interventions to promote hearing aid use need to focus on addressing reasons for the perception of hearing difficulties and how to promote hearing aid use.Interventions to promote hearing aid use may need to target demographic groups that are particularly unlikely to use hearing aids, including younger adults, those who live alone and those from ethnic minority backgrounds
The roles of services for manufacturers: themes and research priorities
No full textServices are an important way for manufacturers to differentiate products, achieve revenue growth through helping customers with product use and create new business opportunities. The aim of this study is to identify the key themes and research priorities on the roles of services for manufacturers. The study includes papers from four major Management and Organization Studies (MOS) research streams: general management, marketing, operations and service management. Prior multi-theme literature reviews have tended to focus on operations/engineering management journals, overlooking the crucial role that marketing journals have played in the development of the body of knowledge in this field. A systematic literature review of 193 papers informed the study, identifying five themes: 1) service offerings, 2) strategy and structure, 3) motivations and performance, 4) resources and capabilities and 5) service processes. Gaps in the literature are identified and eight research priorities presented. The review highlights the focal-manufacturer perspective of most studies (including terms such as ‘servitization’) and calls for future research to take a multi-actor, relational perspective (termed ‘service coevolution’). The study provides an agenda for future research in this important field
A Comparison of the Suitability of FIDIC and NEC Conditions of Contract in Palestine
No full textPurpose - The standard forms of construction contract are receiving greater attention in the management of projects scholarship as they probably influence the project success and project disputes. The extant literature suggests that the standard forms of construction contract are one of the top sources of disputes. This research, therefore, examines the effectiveness of the standard forms of construction contract, FIDIC and NEC, in reducing disputes in the Palestinian construction industry. Design/methodology/approach - The researchers have used qualitative methods to collect data and more specifically have undertaken twelve semi-structured interviews.Findings - The study reveals that the standard forms of construction contract can be a tool to minimise disputes, but certainly not to eradicate them, and NEC appears to be more capable than FIDIC to do so.Originality/value - This study contributes to knowledge by bringing an industrial perspective into the role of standard forms of contract in disputes creation and avoidance. The interviewees, recurrent users of FIDIC contract, criticised certain features and expressions and proposed some solutions<br/
Parental Adjustment Following Paediatric Burn Injury: The Role of Guilt, Shame and Self-Compassion
No full textObjective: To examine the association between the following factors: guilt, shame, self-compassion, and parents’ psychological adjustment to their child’s burn injury. Methods: Ninety-one parents and primary caregivers (63 mothers, 25 fathers, 3 other) of 71 children were recruited on the ward or at outpatient clinics during the first eight weeks following their child’s burn injury. In 20 cases both parents participated, while for 51 children only one parent participated. Participants completed questionnaires which assessed adjustment (symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress syndrome [PTSS]) as well as guilt, shame and self-compassion.Results: Multilevel analysis indicated that feelings of guilt and shame were associated with poorer adjustment in parents, while parents who rated high in self-compassion reported fewer symptoms of depression and PTSS. Guilt and shame showed a differing pattern of effects with shame explaining more variance for anxiety and depression. Length of hospitalisation predicted PTSS however the remaining injury factors (size of burn, requiring a skin graft) were unrelated to parental adjustment.Conclusions: Health care professionals should pay close attention to families’ subjective injury experiences. Screening for psychological distress should be offered to all families regardless of the size and severity of the burn injury. <br/
A mechanosensitive RhoA pathway that protects epithelia against acute tensile stress.
No full textAdherens junctions are tensile structures that couple epithelial cells together.Junctional tension can arise from cell-intrinsic application of contractility or from the cell-extrinsic forces of tissue movement. Here we report a mechanosensitivesignalling pathway that activates RhoA at adherens junctions to preserve epithelial integrity in response to acute tensile stress. We identify Myosin VI as the forcesensor, whose association with E-cadherin is enhanced when junctional tension is increased by mechanical monolayer stress. Myosin VI promotes recruitment of the heterotrimeric protein Gα12 to E-cadherin, where it signals for p114 RhoGEF to activate RhoA. Despite its potential to stimulate junctional actomyosin and further increase contractility, tension-activated RhoA signalling was necessary to preserve epithelial integrity. This is explained by an increase in tensile strength, especially at the multicellular vertices of junctions, that is due to mDia1-mediated actin assembly
Artificial emotional intelligence: Using artificial intelligence to study feelings in customer experience
No full textFirst steps in Porting the LFRic Weather and Climate Model to the FPGAs of the EuroExa Architecture
No full textThe EuroExa project proposes a High-Performance Computing (HPC) architecture which is both scalable to Exascale performance levels and delivers world-leading power efficiency. This is achieved through the use of low-power ARM processors accelerated by closely-coupled FPGA programmable components. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of the design, the EuroExa project includes application porting work across a rich set of applications. One such application is the new weather and climate model, LFRic (named in honour of Lewis Fry Richardson), which is being developed by the UK Met Office and its partners for operational deployment in the middle of the next decade.Much of the run-time of the LFRic model consists of compute intensive operations which are suitable for acceleration using FPGAs. Programming methods for such high-performance numerical workloads are still immature for FPGAs compared with traditional HPC architectures. The paper describes the porting of a matrix-vector kernel using the Xilinx Vivado toolset, including High-Level Synthesis (HLS), discusses the benefits of a range of optimizations and reports performance achieved on the Xilinx UltraScale+ SoC.Performance results are reported for the FPGA code and compared with single socket OpenMP performance on an Intel Broadwell CPU. We find the performance of the FPGA to be competitive when taking into account price and power consumption