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COMBAT OPERATIONS IN THE NIGERIAN ARMED FORCES: ISSUES AND WAY FORWARD
Get PDFThe importance of women in conflict prevention and resolution, peace[1]building, and post-war rehabilitation cannot be overstated. Studies on gender equality, development, and security suggest that sustainable peace and successful long-term development are linked to gender equality policies. Feminist activists and scholars, as well as a series of United Nations Security Council Resolutions (UNSCRs) on women, peace, and security, have long established the relevance of a gender perspective in military affairs, combat, and peace operations. UNSCR 1325 and succeeding resolutions on women, peace, and security have established an international framework for the adoption of a gender perspective in the pursuit of international security and the conduct of peace operations. Despite growing international recognition of the UNSCR 1325 as a global norm, the participation of women in combat operations in the Nigerian Armed Forces on the ground implementation has been slow and arduous due to the conjecture that women lack the physical ability to withstand the strains of war and the extreme violence that goes on the battlefront, and combat operations in general
LEGAL CHALLENGES OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT ON TRANSNATIONAL BOUNDARY POLLUTION
Get PDFThe release of harmful and toxic substances into the environment becomes inevitable due to increased industrialization and the interconnectivity of states in the world. Environmental Pollution has therefore become part of a global challenge and its scope has grown to be a transnational boundary. This is accounted for by climate change, an outbreak of infectious air, water, or animals/birds born disease epidemics or pandemics, and other environmental hazards that cut across countries. This paper from the legal perspective analyzed the challenges that exist in the administration and effectiveness of International Environmental Laws as it concerns transnational boundary pollution. This article applied content analysis of literature on transboundary pollution as an international relations problem. The analysis is limited to works analyzing the problem of transboundary pollution through a mainly qualitative lens, majorly using secondary data gotten from international law, international relations, and public policy disciplines. Transnational or Transboundary pollution originates in one country but is capable of causing damage to another country's environment by crossing borders through pathways like water and air. International Environmental Law (IEL) is concerned with the attempt to control pollution and the depletion of natural resources within a framework of sustainable development. Enforcement of these laws has faced several challenges ranging from a limited understanding of these laws: the adoption of short-term goals by international communities, and multinational companies, and the issue of criminal jurisdiction in public international law while neglecting long-term consequences and effects such as the conflict between economic growth and environmental protection. This paper suggests that international laws should also be made easy to understand, especially for the locals. Fines or criminal liability should be increased for violators of existing environmental laws and alternative means of waste exposure, and management should be considered by states and transnational corporations
ENHANCING CONSTRUCTIVE SYNERGY BETWEEN MILITARY INSTRUCTORS AND CIVILIAN ACADEMICS IN NIGERIAN DEFENCE ACADEMY (NDA) FOR IMPROVED PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION
Get PDFProfessional Military Education (PME) is the practice of training, educating, and developing military personnel for all encompassing and effective expertise for advancing the military and humanity in general. However, an observed synergic deficit in educational and training components of programmes for military personnel in our context reflect in marred progress in robust partnership, hence the intellectual territorialism and unilateral approach to issues of national concern. This raises the need for a special educational curriculum for PME which would incorporate conventional knowledge with military instructions. To this end, this paper seeks to identify and enhance the synergy between military and civilian components within the Nigerian Defence Academy for an improved PME. Leaning on pragmatic research philosophy, the study applied exploratory sequential mixed methodological approaches of Focus Group Discussion and Questionnaire in data collection. Analysis revealed that professional practices among staff are individualistic, characterised by hypocrisy, negating each other’s importance, and ascribing superiority to self despite the efforts by the Academy to synchronise both sides The paper concludes that the military cannot afford to feel or operate as though they are self-sufficient and do not need the civilian academics for the effective training of the officer cadets
STRATEGIC ADMINISTRATION OF POST CONFLICT PEACE BUILDING ACTIVITIES IN NIGERIA: AN ANALYSIS OF POST BOKO HARAM INSURGENCY PEACEBUILDING ACTIVITIES IN NORTH-EAST NIGERIA
Get PDFThis paper analyzes the strategic administration of various post-insurgency peace-building activities in the northeast geo-political zone which comprise Borno, Yobe, Adamawa, Gombe, Bauchi and Taraba states. Similarly, it highlights the effect of insurgency, although the damages caused by insurgency differ the impacts cut across the entire northeastern states. The findings of this paper reveal that the federal government of Nigeria has taken the lead in the implementation of various integrated approaches of the post insurgency peacebuilding activities in collaboration with some state governments such as the Establishment of North East Development Commission (NEDC), Amnesty program, Reorientation, de-radicalization and re integration program, Humanitarian response plan (HRP), Recovery and Peacebuilding strategy (RPBS) etc. coordinated and implemented by the office of the National security adviser, NEMA, Nigeria Army etc. at same time NGOs were working hand in hand with the government in post-conflict activities in the region. Similarly, such activities led to positive impacts socially, politically and economically. This paper adopted the use of secondary sources of data in its data collection, anchored on sustainable peace-building theory by J.P Lederach (1997) and recommends more community-based inclusion in the implementation of the plans, create and expand programs and projects to cut across victims and other stakeholders to focus more in the economic aspects of the strategic administration
THE IMPACT OF INSECURITY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Get PDFThis study is aimed at examining the scourge of terrorism, insurgency, armed militancy and banditry in Nigeria. Several armed groups are operating in Nigeria today, amongst which are Boko Haram, regarded as one of the deadliest terrorist and insurgency groups in the world, pitching their tent in the Northeast, armed Militancy in the Niger Delta perpetrated by militia groups including Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND), the emerging threat of banditry in the Northwest. These have given rise to the security challenges besieging Nigeria today and have continued to dominate Nigeria’s socio-political discourse. The study made use of secondary data including document analysis as its research methodology. Document analysis was used in describing the scourge of terrorism, insurgency, armed militancy and banditry in Nigeria. The study adopted the frustration-aggression theory as its theoretical framework, additional theories of Poverty theory and theory of relative deprivation were also studied about the study. Findings from the study reveal that terrorism, insurgency, armed militancy and banditry are caused by several factors including poverty, unemployment, weak political structures, border porosity, proliferation of small and light weapons, ethno-religious intolerance, etc. The impact of these armed insurgencies and banditry has resulted in loss of lives and properties, displacements, loss of livelihoods, destruction of critical infrastructure, fear, and economic destabilization, amongst others. This study therefore recommends that these root causes be decisively addressed through the provision of gainful employment, securing Nigeria’s borders, strengthening of relevant institutions including the security agencies, infrastructural development in the rural areas, enshrining the principles of fairness, justice, social equality and accountability, amongst others, this would impact positively in curbing Nigeria’s security challenges
TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENT OF BOKO HARAM’S IDEOLOGY
Get PDFThe emergence of the Boko Haram insurgency made scholars in different disciplines focus their attention on the group, especially, when the group resorts to violence in the name of Jihad. The heinous activities of Boko Haram forced the Nigerian government to classify the group as a terrorist organization. Scholars researched the emergence of Boko Haram and its ideology. However, further research needs to be conducted on the historical and dynamic nature of Boko Haram and whether it has a connection with Islamic ideology. Using documentary sources, the paper examines the origin and meaning of the word ‘Boko’ and its historical dynamics paying emphasis on the prevailing views or perception of the 19th and 20th century itinerant Islamic scholars on Boko. Using relevant evidence on Boko Haram’s perception of Western education and its criminal activities, the paper concludes that Boko Haram’s ideology has no connection with Islamic ideology.  
THE NEXUS BETWEEN MASS MEDIA, INSECURITY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Get PDFIt is no longer news that insecurity has eaten deep into Nigerian society posing a great danger to national development. All parts of Nigeria currently are facing one security challenge or another ranging from kidnapping, activities of bandits, Boko Haram, Islamic State of West African Province (ISWAP) armed robbery, human rituals, internet fraudsters, unknown gunmen etc. It is on these bases that this research tends to focus on the nexus between mass media, insecurity and national development in Nigeria. This discourse adopts the qualitative approach in identifying numerous ways by which mass media can be used as a catalyst for eliminating insecurity and accelerating national development. This paper argues that the mass media needs to utilize the power of the media to help combat insecurity and foster national development in the country. Also, for the country to curb insecurity, one of the measures to employ is to equip journalists, by training them in terrorism and conflict reporting for effective communication, curb fake news and misinformation and censor social media. With the advent of social media and digital communication, it is hoped that media organizations will make great use of the platform to foster peace and security geared towards national development
TERRORISM IN AFRICA AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA AND KENYA
Get PDFThis study intends to examine different indicators of terrorist operations related to socio-economic development, reflecting the similarities and differences of their operations in the African continent to provide a constructive management strategy for curbing perennial terrorist attacks in Africa. The research was anchored on the contagious theory of terrorism, which adopted the influence of the unrestricted flow of information and ideas in explaining the spread of ‘domestic’ terrorism into a transnational network. The relevant data for this study were elicited through primary and secondary sources. The research reveals that it is the same terrorist groups such as al-Shabaab and Boko Haram that are aligning with each other and other foreign terrorist organizations like the al-Qaeda senior leaders in Pakistan that are wreaking havoc in society. Secondly, it reveals that the intended African Sustainable Development Agenda 2030 is unrealizable in the face of unaddressed terrorist operations. Subsequently, it recommends collaborative action among the internal and external actors on counter-terrorism action for effective management
ANALYZING TRADITIONAL YORUBA FAMILY THROUGH FAMILY COMMUNICATION PATTERNS THEORY (FCPT)
Get PDFThis paper uses analytical research to examine communication in traditional Yoruba families and uses the analytical research method to adopt family communication patterns theory (FCPT). Emphasis was placed on parents' and children’s relationships. Based on conformity and conversation orientation dimensions of FCPT, families can be divided into four categories, namely: consensual, pluralistic, protective, and Laissez-faire. The paper holds that traditional Yoruba families, hinging on the proposition of FCPT, lean toward the consensual family. The paper submits that conformity orientation is the commonly adopted communication pattern in Yoruba families
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF MEASUREMENT ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN NIGERIAN NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION
Get PDFThis paper evaluates the effects of measurement on employee engagement in the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). The survey research design was employed with a population of 6621 staff of NNPC as of April 2020. Both primary and secondary data were used; Questionnaire copies were shared among samples of 377 respondents from NNPC and other subsidiaries and divisions. Data analysis was conducted using mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics (ANOVA). Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient was used to test the hypothesis with the help of SPSS version 20, which addresses the extent of the relationship between the variables under consideration. This study pointed out the performance management system notable; the measurement of performance. The findings showed that performance management has a statistically significant impact on employee engagement. Therefore, the study concludes that objective setting, measurement of performance have a significant and positive impact on employee engagement in Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). The researcher recommended that the organization should set clear and realistic objectives as well as provide the tools and resources needed to realize such objectives, and the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) should measure staff performance both quarterly and annually to improve employee engagement