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Working in agile teams:On the edge of chaos?
Get PDFIt is often assumed that coordinating work in agile teams helps firms respond more quickly to changing requirements (e.g., new customer requests or market needs). Despite the growing popularity of agile teams and related project management methodologies such as Scrum, there is surprisingly little empirical research on what working in agile teams means for employees. This dissertation describes agile teams as flexible “sailboats” because they use a specific approach that allows them to navigate changing requirements. This approach is characterized by various Agile Work Practices (AWPs) that help teams coordinate taskwork and teamwork in an iterative manner (rather than a sequential manner). This dissertation examined the practices of more than 300 different teams within a large organization in Germany. It was found that when teams approach tasks in short cycles and work towards goals iteratively (agile taskwork), employees tend to be more engaged and proactive at work. By promoting team proactivity, agile taskwork can lead to long-term improvements in team performance. Although the effects of agile taskwork were relatively robust, the benefits of agile teamwork mainly emerged when there was less team role conflict. The findings of this dissertation suggest that leaders can take action to improve agile team effectiveness by (1) aligning AWPs with team needs, (2) regulating hindrance job demands, and (3) facilitating proactive behavior. This can help teams to work “on the edge of chaos” – in a manner that is neither too rigid nor too chaotic
Beyond Opt-Out: How Presumed-Consent Language Shapes Persuasion
No full textWhen using opt-out (vs. opt-in) policies, choice architects presume that people consent, rather than explicitly asking them to state their consent. While opt-out policies often increase compliance, they are also associated with managerial issues such as ethical considerations, legal regulations, limited public support, and increased no-show rates. This research demonstrates that choice architects can also establish presumed-consent through the language they use, holding the opt-in policy constant. Seven studies in various health domains indicate that presumed-consent language (e.g., “a vaccine was arranged for you”) rather than explicit-consent language (e.g., “you can choose to get a vaccine”) increases persuasion (i.e., behavioral intentions, actual behaviors). This effect occurs through perceived endorsement: Decision makers infer through the presumed-consent language that the desired health behavior (e.g., vaccination) is the recommended course of action. Furthermore, this research examines the proposed endorsement process under various conditions. When product tangibility is low (e.g., a flu shot), the effectiveness of presumed-consent language stems primarily from perceived endorsement rather than psychological ownership or perceived ease. In contrast, when product tangibility is high (e.g., a sunscreen lotion), the effect stems primarily from psychological ownership rather than perceived endorsement or perceived ease
Operations & supply chain management:principles and practice
No full textOperations and Supply Chain Management (OSCM) has continually evolved, incorporating a broad array of strategies, frameworks, and technologies to address complex challenges across industries. This encyclopedic article provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary strategies, tools, methods, principles, and best practices that define the field’s cutting-edge advancements. It also explores the diverse environments where OSCM principles have been effectively implemented. The article is meant to be read in a nonlinear fashion. It should be used as a point of reference or first-port-of-call for a diverse pool of readers: academics, researchers, students, and practitioners.</p
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)–Adapted Prostate Cancer Risk Tool Incorporating Cribriform and Intraductal Carcinoma
No full textCurrent prostate cancer risk stratification tools are not adapted for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–targeted biopsies and do not include the presence of cribriform carcinoma/intraductal carcinoma (CC/IDC), an independent predictor of adverse clinical outcomes. We developed an MRI-adapted prostate cancer risk tool (MAPCaRT), which incorporates CC/IDC presence to the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) tool. We compared the prognostic power of MAPCaRT with that of CAPRA in MRI-targeted biopsies (n = 266, 2015-2023) and systematic-only biopsies (n = 1291, 2010-2018) that had matched radical prostatectomy. MAPCaRT employs the aggregate core count method for MRI-targeted lesions to calculate percent positive biopsy cores and uses the radiological stage when assessing MRI-targeted biopsies. Point attribution for CC/IDC presence and Gleason score was determined using a Cox proportional hazards model that included the CAPRA score, Gleason score, and CC/IDC status. Based on calculated MAPCaRT and CAPRA scores, patients were classified into the low-risk (0-2), intermediate-risk (3-5), or high-risk (6+) group. Model performance was assessed via the Kaplan-Meier curves, Harrell C-indices, and decision curve analysis for biochemical recurrence–free survival (BCR-FS) and event-free survival (EFS) (metastasis/cancer-specific death). CC/IDC was present in 84 of 266 (32%) MRI-targeted biopsies and 293 of 1291 systematic-only biopsies (23%). The median follow-up time was 3.4 years (IQR, 2.3-5.5 years) for the MRI-targeted biopsy cohort and 5.9 years (IQR, 3.4-8.1 years) for the systematic biopsy cohort. In the MRI-targeted biopsy cohort, MAPCaRT showed substantial improvement of the C-index compared with CAPRA (0.635 vs 0.574, P = .045) and greater net clinical benefit for 4-year BCR-FS. In the systematic biopsy cohort, MAPCaRT demonstrated improved C-index for BCR-FS (0.696 vs 0.655, P < .001) and greater net clinical benefit for 5-year BCR-FS and EFS. Other model performance metrics were marginally better with MAPCaRT. In summary, we developed MAPCaRT (prostatecancercalculator.lmp.utoronto.ca), a modified version of CAPRA incorporating CC/IDC presence, which demonstrated improved BCR-FS and EFS predictions. This may result in better clinical guidance for disease management decisions.</p
How institutional leaders see higher popular music education in Europe:An empirical scoping of the field
No full textLeadership in higher popular music education presents distinct challenges, especially as it establishes itself within traditionally classical music-dominated institutions. The gradual institutionalization of popular music is reflected in how European higher music education institutions (HMEIs) have progressively embraced it over the past four decades. However, these programmes often follow classical music structures, which may not fully align with the needs of students who study popular music. This study examines the perspectives of institutional leaders on the integration of popular music education, using survey data and semi-structured interviews from across European HMEIs. It explores the development of popular music programmes, their relevance to the labour market and the balance between tradition and innovation. The findings suggest that while popular music education is expanding, many programmes in popular music still follow traditional classical structures, focusing on instrumental proficiency and music theory. Skills specific to popular music are often overlooked, highlighting the need for a more tailored approach
Advancement of accuracy and precision to integrate AI tools in clinical practice. Re. “Evaluation of a fully automated computed tomography image segmentation method for fast and accurate body composition measurements”
No full textTowards a new investor image:The integration of behavioural economics insights into investor protection law
No full textThis dissertation centres on the integration of behavioural insights into European retail investor protection law. These insights have revealed that investor behaviour often deviates from the presumptions underpinning financial law. As a consequence, actual investor behaviour is, as yet, insufficiently and inconsistently accounted for in investor protection.In recent years, lawmakers and policymakers have increasingly recognized that financial regulation can be designed more effectively by drawing on such behavioural insights. However, the translation of these insights into law raises a range of fundamental legal questions, on investor autonomy and on the balance between the responsibilities of firms and investors. To provide insight into this translation process, this study aims to discuss the implications of such a more systematic incorporation, as well as assess how this transposition of behavioural insights into European investor protection law should take place, from the perspective of legislators, policymakers, and courts.<br/
