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On being education nomads:Mongolian herders’ children straddling ways of knowing and relating
No full textOn Being Education Nomads explores how the convergence of pastoralism, schooling and digital ICT development shapes the education and future aspirations of Mongolian herder’s children. Drawing on visual participatory data, semi-structured interviews and qualitative surveys that are grounded in multi-sited ethnographic research, it demonstrates that Mongolian herder’s children become education nomads by straddling the herder and schooled urbanite communities of practice. Deploying education nomads as a generational identity marked by Mongolian rural youth’s concurrent participation in herding, schooling and digital practices, this research maps out how herder’s children orient towards urban professional aspirations while building their capacity to navigate Mongolia’s rural-urban continuum for multiple futures.Using a generationed and socio-ecological approach to development, this research examines not only how education shapes learners and the places that they inhabit but also how learners shape education and their learning socio-ecologies. This manuscript adds young people’s experiences to the literature on Mongolia’s development and brings a development perspective to the sparse body of literature on Mongolian childhood and youth. Foregrounding the perspectives and lived experiences of rural young lives from a non-Western and non-sedentary society, On Being Education Nomads contributes critical insights on the crosscutting themes of mobility, education, aspiration and ICT4D to the field of children and youth studies.<br/
Between expectations and reality:A study on the effectiveness of the OECD guidelines for multinational enterprises’ NCP
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Cerebrovascular regulation during increases in systemic blood flow and systemic vascular resistance
No full textIt is unknown whether, under anesthesia, an increase in blood pressure by augmenting cardiac output would exert a different effect on brain perfusion compared with a rise in blood pressure by elevating systemic vascular resistance. In this study, we disentangled these two parameters by monitoring changes in middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCA Vmean) and frontal cerebral lobe oxygenation (cO2Hb) in 15 patients on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during two experiments. First, we increased systemic vascular resistance, using 100 μg phenylephrine, while CPB flow remained clamped. Second, we increased CPB flow while s-stemic vascular resistance remained unmodified. Mean arterial pressure increased 12 ± 4 mmHg and 11 ± 5 mmHg after raising systemic vascular resistance and cardiac blood flow, respectively (P ¼ 0.60). Systemic vasoconstriction with a constant cardiac blood flow increased the MCA Vmean (17%, P ¼ 0.001) while the cO2Hb declined (-2.2%, P ¼ 0.005). Augmenting cardiac blood flow increased both MCA Vmean and cO2Hb (17%, P < 0.001, and 2.5%, P ¼ 0.02) concordantly. Cerebral perfusion seemed to be dependent on cardiac blood flow, since both cO2Hb and MCA Vmean changed concordantly with an increase in cardiopulmonary bypass flow. A systemic vascular resistance-mediated blood pressure increase with the a1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine had a comparable rise in MCA Vmean but a discordant effect on cO2Hb, presumably due to both cutaneous and cerebral vasoconstriction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Elevating blood pressure by increasing cardiac blood flow (Q) _ or by increasing systemic vascular resistance (SVR) results in a comparable increase in middle cerebral artery blood velocity. In contrast, although frontal cerebral lobe oxygenation increased with increasing Q, _ it decreased with increasing SVR. This difference was less pronounced when Q_ was kept constant, suggesting that part of the decrease may be attributed to an SVR-induced decrease in Q.</p
Plague in progression:Natural course of Atherosclerosis among women and men
No full textAtherosclerosis is a slowly developing condition, and the rupture of unstable plaques is a major cause of clinical cardiovascular events. Whether a plaque is stable largely depends on its internal tissue composition. Using data from the Rotterdam Study, this thesis describes the natural progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in community-dwelling adults, identifies its risk factors and clinical outcomes.The findings show clear interactions among different plaque components. Stable features such as calcification may promote the development of unstable features, including intraplaque hemorrhage, thereby driving plaques toward a higher risk state. Lifestyle factors, including dietary fat intake, physical activity, and long-term blood pressure trajectory, were also found to influence the evolution of plaque components. In addition, this research demonstrates that silent manifestations of atherosclerosis, such as unrecognized myocardial infarction, are closely linked to underlying cardiovascular disease and show marked differences between women and men.Overall, this thesis deepens our understanding of the natural course of atherosclerosis and highlights the importance of early identification of high-risk plaque features and prevention of cardiovascular disease in the general population.<br/
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in the Netherlands:Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment
No full textFrom population to individual:A data-driven approach for enhancing patient-centered decision-making in hand and wrist care
No full textThe effect of music and its (listener) characteristics on pain and well-being
No full textThis thesis investigates how music and listener characteristics influence pain and well-being. While music is widely recognized for its therapeutic benefits in healthcare, it remained unclear which types of music are most effective. We first analyzed music commonly used for pain and anxiety relief, finding that calm, slow, and mostly instrumental music is more frequently selected. A pilot study showed that AI-generated music can reduce emotional arousal and increase positive feelings, depending on personal taste. Next, we examined listener characteristics. Personal music preference had a stronger impact on pain tolerance than the genre itself. People responded better to music they chose themselves, regardless of their socio-cultural background. We also explored how listening duration affects pain. Twenty minutes of music improved pain perception, though further research is needed. A global survey revealed that most people want music during painful experiences, and some chose classical music even when it wasn’t their actual preference. Further investigation into individual attitudes highlighted that people have different needs and concerns about music in healthcare. Finally, this thesis investigated the effect of live music. Responses differed depending on whether the musician was physically present. Attending live concerts with the musician being present can enhance well-being. Overall, our findings demonstrate that music is a powerful tool in alleviating pain and improving overall well-being, especially when tailored to individual preferences and delivered in a culturally sensitive way.<br/