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Passing the torch, keeping the trauma: how patients and kin experience transfers of responsibilities and information after ICD implantation
No full textImplantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs) are sophisticated devices, that monitor the recipient’s heart while wielding algorithms to detect and react to irregular rhythms and cardiac arrests with corrective shocks. Data reports are transmitted to monitoring clinics regularly and in case of dangerous activity. Tucked away in a subcutaneous chest pocket, with leads reaching the innermost chambers of the heart, this little machine promises to extend and save the lives of people with various cardiac conditions. Receiving an ICD is a simple operation, done with local anaesthesia and barring any complications, patients can leave the hospital within 24 hours. Most patients receiving an ICD do so after surviving a cardiac arrest. As such, this simple procedure often happens in a complex affective space, characterised by the trauma of a near-death experience and dissonance between the contrasting memory loss for the cardiac arrest survivor and the next of kin’s vivid remembrance. In this presentation, we introduce preliminary results from an observational study at an ICD clinic and four qualitative interviews with two individual ICD patients and with two ICD patients and their respective spouses. The main objective of this study was to gain an understanding of the affective spaces surrounding ICD patients and their next of kin immediately after an ICD implantation, how patients and kin navigate, experience and interact with informational structures in healthcare and finally the role played by algorithmic agents such as the ICD. A preliminary analysis of the empirical data suggests that the monitoring and algorithmic agency of ICD devices redistribute responsibilities and response-abilities and change the structure and transfer of information amongst clinicians, patients and kin. The ICD patients themselves become nodes in an informational infrastructure, transmitting data they cannot themselves access or read. The patients and their kin only get insight into this data during ICD consultations, where they are also faced with their cyborg reality, as their primary interface with the hospital becomes a technician rather than a doctor. Upon implantation of the ICD a transfer of responsibility happens and how this transfer is experienced depends on each preceding history. For the wife who resuscitated her husband, this transfer is difficult to accept and requires time and repetition for the new status quo to settle in: “if he has another heart attack, the ICD will take over, you do not need to save him again”. For the wife who did not witness her husband’s cardiac arrest, this transfer of responsibility is differently felt, as the responsibility of resuscitating him moves from one “unknown” agent to another. Her worries are not centred on whether she can save him again, but rather if it happens again. This empirical study is part of a larger project which aims to understand the affective spaces and collectives of care of ICD patients and their next of kin at different times in their patient journey and how to better and more carefully design for it
Institutioning in the design and repair of digital public services
No full textDenmark is widely recognised as a leader in public sector digitalisation, yet not all citizens are able to engage with the increasingly digitalised public services. While recent strategies promote digital inclusion, this concept is increasingly criticised for placing responsibility on individuals and overlooking structural conditions. This paper explores how participatory design can address these challenges by focusing on the situated practices of use, particularly the supportive network of repair work needed when citizens cannotinteract independently with digital public services. Through collaborativeengagements over 2.5 years with public authorities and IT helpdesk volunteers, we investigate how such repair work can catalyse democratic dialogue and mutual learning. Drawing on the concept of institutioning, we examine how participatory design can engage with institutional frames, not as fixed constraints but as sites of negotiation and potential transformation, opening up possibilities for a more inclusive and sustainable design of digital publicservices
The HCI GenAI CO2ST Calculator: Calculating and Offsetting the Carbon Footprint of Generative AI Use in Human-Computer Interaction Research
No full textIncreased usage of generative AI (GenAI) in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research has caused a sustainability crisis in computing, due to the excessive power consumption of developing and running these models. Energy consumption causes a massive carbon footprint. The exact energy usage and and subsequent carbon emissions are difficult to estimate in HCI research because HCI researchers most often use cloud-based services where the hardware and its energy consumption are hidden from plain view. The HCI GenAI CO2st Calculator is a tool designed specifically for the HCI research pipeline, to help researchers estimate the energy consumption and carbon footprint of using generative AI in their research, either a priori (allowing for mitigation strategies or experimental redesign) or post hoc (allowing for transparent documentation of carbon footprint in written reports of the research)
AI as artificial ignorance
No full textFirst, we present a number of simple tests of AI, which document a profound gap between the hype and the reality of AI. Second, we explain the gap in terms of a confusion of artificial general intelligence with generative artificial intelligence in the promotion of AI. Finally, we analyze AI as bullshit (in the strong philosophical sense of Harry Frankfurt). We find that AI and bullshit are similar in the sense that both prioritize rhetoric over truth. They mix true, false, and ambiguous statements in ways that make it difficult to distinguish which is which. AI sounds convincing even when it's wrong. As such, current AI is more about persuasion than about truth. This is a problem because it means AI produces faulty and ignorant results. For now, we need to be highly skeptical of AI for its lack of a concept of truth
Nominal State-Separating Proofs
No full textState-separating proofs are a powerful tool to structure cryptographic arguments, so that they are amenable for mechanization, as has been shown through implementations, such as SSProve. However, the treatment of separation for heaps has never been satisfactorily addressed. In this work, we present the first comprehensive treatment of nominal state separation in state-separating proofs using nominal sets. We provide a Rocq library, called Nominal-SSProve, that builds on nominal state separation supporting mechanized proofs that appear more concise and arguably more elegant
PiMPiC: An Overlap-Aware Contrastive Learning Framework for 3D Patch-Based Medical Image Segmentation
Get PDFDeep learning models for 3D medical image segmentation typically require large annotated datasets to achieve high accuracy. However, collecting such datasets is time-consuming, costly, and constrained by privacy regulations. Contrastive learning, a self-supervised technique, enables models to learn meaningful data representations without any labeled data. However, applying traditional contrastive learning methods to medical images is challenging due to the structural similarity of human tissues, which often results in false negatives when similar tissues are treated as dissimilar. Additionally, slice-wise contrastive learning approaches rely on relative slice positions to form positive and negative pairs, limiting generalization to 3D patches and requiring image preregistration. To address these issues, we propose two novel modules for contrastive learning-based pretraining of 3D segmentation. The first, Patch Intersection Measurement (PiM), estimates the overlap between two patches in the embedding space. The second, Patch Intersection Contrast (PiC), encourages embeddings of overlapping regions to align closely while pushing non-overlapping regions apart. Experiments on two datasets for pancreas and kidney cancers segmentation demonstrated that our method outperforms both the state-of-the-art (SOTA) and the baseline segmentation models. Notably, for pancreas segmentation, even when trained with only 5% of the labeled data, our method achieves 12% and 4% improvement in Dice score compared to the baseline and SOTA, highlighting its effectiveness in low-data scenarios. The code is available at https://github.com/rezakarimzadeh/pimpic
Election Security-by-Design
No full textSecurity engineering is about improving the security of an existing software system by adding security controls to the implementation. In this paper we argue, that for election technologies, simply adding security controls is not enough. The only way to design an election system is ensure that it is fundamentally secure by carefully crafting a cryptographic voting protocol, a technique that is also called security-by-design. The more secure a system the more we can trust the result and the more easily we can defend against defamation and disinformation campaigns. Both properties, defense against cyber attacks and defense against disinformation are critical as past elections have demonstrated
The experience of running: Recommending routes using sensory mapping in urban environments
Get PDFDepending on the route, runners may experience frustration, freedom, or fulfillment. However, finding routes that are conducive to the psychological experience of running remains an unresolved task in the literature. In a mixed-method study, we interviewed 7 runners to identify themes contributing to running experience, and quantitatively examined these themes in an online survey with 387 runners. Using Principal Component Analysis on the survey responses, we developed a short experience sampling questionnaire that captures the three most important dimensions of running experience: performance & achievement, environment, and mind & social connectedness. Using path preferences obtained from the online survey, we clustered them into two types of routes: scenic (associated with nature and greenery) and urban (characterized by the presence of people); and developed a routing engine for path recommendations. We discuss challenges faced in developing the routing engine, and provide guidelines to integrate it into mobile and wearable running apps
Sticking with Affect in HCI and Design: from Interaction to Relation
No full textThis paper argues for the continued significance of affect in HCI research and design practice. Drawing on a seminal paper by Boehner et al. presented at the 2005 decennial Aarhus conference, the paper traces genealogies of Affective Computing and Affective Interaction Design, examining them within the general context of the evolution of affect studies during the past two decades. Building on Boehner et al.'s proposed shift from understanding affect as information to exploring affect as interaction, the paper advocates for a conceptual advancement from interaction to relation, facilitating engagement with more-than-human design concerns in an era defined by far-from-equilibrium tipping points and crises. Through examination of three affective exemplars, the paper identifies four key themes – affect and the more-than human, affective encounters and modulation over time, affect and care across ecologies and affect in crisis – that provide key insights, concepts and directions for sticking with affect as relational in future explorations in HCI and design, maintaining productive tensions and complexities as essential elements of theoretical and practical advancement across affect-centered design approaches