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Flexible access? Digitalisation of Danish healthcare through video consultations
No full textThis chapter brings attention to the political ideal of ‘flexible access’ to healthcare services. We situate flexibility in the context of a welfare state seeking to achieve efficiency and self-service by means of digitalisation and aim to provide empirical answers to how flexible access unfolds and is experienced in practice. Through ethnographic studies of video consultations in hospital outpatient clinics, we show how the flexibility of location offered by the video consultation creates different freedoms and conveniences for patients. However, values other than flexible access figure in patients’ preferences for their interactions with clinicians. Furthermore, achieving flexible access requires specific equipment, skills, and adaptability, and sometimes a need for assistance to obtain access. With the current push for virtual consultations and treatment in the home, these empirical insights contribute important knowledge about potential benefits, as well as obstacles and tensions that arise in the move to digital healthcare services
Functional Reactive GUI Programming with Modal Types.
Get PDFFunctional reactive programming (FRP) is a programming paradigm for implementing reactive systems, i.e. programs that continuously interact with their environments. While FRP allows for a functional, high-level programming style, FRP programs are prone to undesirable operational behaviours such as space leaks. To ensure favourable operational properties of FRP programs, modal type systems have been introduced, which – among other things – make it impossible to write FRP programs with implicit space leaks. In a recent development, several modal FRP languages have been introduced that are able to accommodate asynchronous events and behaviours – motivated by the goal to use such languages for GUI programming.This paper explores the suitability of one such asynchronous modal FRP language – called Async Rattus – for GUI programming in practice. To this end, we have implemented a mild extension of the Async Rattus language and used it to implement a small GUI framework. We demonstrate the language and its GUI framework by a number of case studies
Three faces of autonomy: Exploring configurations of high autonomy in software project teams
Get PDFThis article seeks to provide deeper insights into the concept of team autonomy within the software industry by investigating the combinations of autonomy and control modes that lead to high perceptions of team autonomy. Additionally, it examines the types of autonomy and control that are most effective for navigating complex environments.The study is grounded in the framework of Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS), integrating interdisciplinary research on autonomy and control to develop a research design. Methodologically, the study employs survey data and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to address its research questions.The findings identify three distinct configurations of projects that achieve high team autonomy, demonstrating how the road to high team autonomy can be shaped in various ways in relation to the presence of different modes of control. Using the CAS framework to evaluate these configurations, the third configuration emerges as the most aligned with the framework and empirically the most successful. This configuration is characterized by the absence of control for safeguarding purposes, the presence of control for coordination purposes, and the presence of joint decision-making.The article concludes by discussing the fuzzy and contextual nature of autonomy and its inherent relationship with control. It emphasizes the importance of understanding autonomy within its specific context and highlights the value of applying the CAS framework to grasp the complexity of autonomy-control dynamics. This study contributes to the literature by offering a nuanced perspective on autonomy in teams and its role in addressing the challenges of complexity in projects
The Calculated Typer (Functional Pearl)
Get PDFWe present a calculational approach to the design of type checkers, showing how they can be derived from behavioural specifications using equational reasoning. We focus on languages whose semantics can be expressed as a fold, and show how the calculations can be simplified using fold fusion. This approach enables the compositional derivation of correct-by-construction type checkers based on solving and composing fusion preconditions. We introduce our approach using a simple expression language, to which we then add support for exception handling and checked exceptions
FærdXel
No full textFærdXel is tool able to perform symbolic reasoning on Danish traffic law cases. The program allow the user to input facts about a traffic law case where FærdXel is then able to deduce legal arguments for and against if someone in the case has broken the law
Why AI Monitoring Faces Resistance and What Healthcare Organizations Can Do About It: An Emotion-Based Perspective
No full textContinuous monitoring of patients' health facilitated by Artificial Intelligence (AI) has enhanced the quality of health care, that is, the ability to access effective care. However, AI monitoring often encounters resistance in adoption by decision makers. Healthcare organizations frequently assume that the resistance stems from patients’ rational evaluation of the technology's costs and benefits. Recent research challenges this assumption and suggests that the resistance to AI monitoring is influenced by the emotional experiences of patients and their surrogate decision makers. We develop a framework from an emotional perspective, provide important implications for healthcare organizations, and offer recommendations to help reduce resistance to AI monitoring
The complementary and substitutional effects of forced and emergent mechanisms in multisourcing
No full textThis paper examines the effect of forced and emergent competition- and cooperation-enhancing mechanisms on joint multisourcing performance. We draw on research on coopetition in IS multisourcing and the literature on the crowding-out effect to theorise the interplay between these mechanisms. We argue that the key to understanding whether these mechanisms complement or substitute each other lies in the distinction between forced and emergent mechanisms, as these respectively invoke either an economic or a social logic among vendors. We test these ideas through a survey study of 108 multisourcing arrangements. Our results show that while a forced competition and an emergent cooperation mechanism can individually improve joint performance in multisourcing, the co-existence of economic and social logics results in a substitutional effect. A complementary effect is achieved when competition and cooperation mechanisms are of the same logic. Our study extends the existing IS outsourcing literature by shedding light on the role of forced and emergent mechanisms, either as competition or cooperation-enhancing, in enhancing multisourcing performance
The Five-Minute Rule for the Cloud: Caching in Analytics Systems
No full textFor almost 40 years, Gray and Putzolu’s five-minute rule has helped quickly guide system architects to the break-even point between memory caching and direct local storage access. We believe similar rules of thumb are needed for object caches and storage in disaggregated cloud database system designs. However, it is not straightforward to adapt the established rules to the cloud as they presume fixed hardware, while, in the cloud, resources are dynamic and costs are determined by usage. This paper reviews requirements driving object caches, analyzes the design space, defines a cost model, and proposes new rules of thumb to help system designers determine when caches become cost-effective for analytical workloads in the cloud. While perhaps unsurprising, our analysis on AWS shows that caches are beneficial when a system makes (1) two requests per hour for latency-sensitive workloads, or (2) seven requests per second for non-latency-sensitive workloads. These results are consistent with and help explain the near ubiquity of object store caches in cloud analytics systems
