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    The Representation of Humanity in Asif Currimbhoy’s Inquilab

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    In recent decades, mankind has been progressing towards the advancement in the name of technology. At the hand of advancement and development, the elements of basic humanity are doomed under the hypocrisy in society. There is a need for the insurgence of humanity over inhumanity to save mankind. Every human being, in the interaction of self and society, tries to accommodate the soul for the best of human nature. If this is the element to be drawn for the artistic play, Asif Currimbhoy has the advantage in every manner to make use of the elemental psychic drama molded into an excellent play. The present play by Asif Currimbhoy, Inquilab portrays human nature with the zeal of representation of humanity over the doomed system of injustice caused in society. It tries to pave a way to bear the torch towards humanity over adversity of the human psyche in the name of feudalism. Finally, it also searches for the redressal of mechanisms in the human behavior, as the Naxalite way of life is not a short cut, nor a sole way out for many filthy problems of society and does not bring the wanted means of democracy

    Transcendentalism and Skepticism in Arun Kolatkar\u27s Select Poems

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    Arun Kolatkar belongs to the canon of  modern Indian poetry writing in English. He is the only well acclaimed Indian poet other than Kabir to be represented on the World Classics tittle of New York Review of Books. Kolatkar is well versed in both the Language Marathi and English. His poem Jejuri is a collection of thirty-one poem which traces humour in everydays matters. For Jejuri, Kolatkar earned the Common Wealth Poetry prize in 1976. The poem Jejuri presents Kolatkar\u27s view on spirituality, religious experience and imagination. The poems  of Kolatkar ironically present the natural imagery which in a way satirizes the society and its superstitious belief. Kolatkar highlights the pitful situation of modern man who has been entangled between the materialistic world and unable to find a peace of heart, mind and soul within himself. This paper critically analyses the three select poems of Arun Kolatkar- the Bus, the Priest, an Old Woman. All these poems highlights the surrealistic image and also focus on the individualistic approach. Kolatkar transforms his experiences into his works which presents the idea of individualism. Kolatkar presents the individualistic aspect in the poem through the protagonist Manohar who is not a hollow man of Eliot\u27s The Waste Land but a modern educated and rational man, can be seen connected to the transcendentalist philosophy of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Thus, the paper tends to mark the transcendentalist perspective in the Kolatkar\u27s poetry and also traces skepticism in his poetry

    A Migrant Experience of Gulf Malayalees in Deepak Unnikrishnan’s Temporary People

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    Abu Dhabi-based writer Unnikrishnan, originally from Kerala, explores the precarity and transience of migrant groups in his Gulf immigrant tales. Research was done to determine the issues that Indian migrant workers encounter in the Gulf states. In 2015, the UAE surpassed Saudi Arabia as India\u27s most important Gulf destination market. C. (Chanda & Gupta) Although laws and programs have prioritized and safeguarded the well-being of Indian migrants, they are not limited to this group and are available to Gulf migrants as well. The sponsorship system, also known as Nizam al Kafala, governs and keeps tabs on the dynamic between migrants and their employers. The kafeel, or sponsor, is legally responsible for the worker in this kind of international contract migration. Humanitarian concerns inspired an initial trial of the system, which had a tight coupling of the work permit and the resident permit. The Kafala has eased several restrictions on foreign employees, including the need that they get exit visas from the Kafeel. The stories and experiences of Gulf Malayalee migrants were the focus of ethnographic and literary research into the lives of Arab Gulf migrants. However, the use of fiction to better comprehend migrant experiences is a relatively uncharted territory in the field of migration studies. This essay uses Deepak Unnikrishnan\u27s Temporary People to examine the plight of emigrant Gulf Malayalees

    Reflection of Immigration, Alienation, and Identity Crisis in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss: A Saga of “Middle of Nowhere”

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    The Inheritance of Loss, written by Kiran Desai, won the 2006 Man Booker Prize. The book thoroughly explains the modern problems brought on by globalisation and technological advancement, followed by the escalating perceptions of economic disparities, diversity, fanaticism, and rationalism as the main contemporary survival threats.  Kiran Desai has accurately captured the state of homelessness, alienation, estrangement, marginalisation, and lack of belongingness that immigrants face in both foreign countries as well as in their own countries in the name of class-culture disparities. The novel tells the story of people from various backgrounds battling social norms while being stigmatised by their caste, class, culture, and country. It depicts post-globalization effects, which have ironically had a greater impact on the segment of society known as the middle class, further divided into the higher middle class and lower middle class, despite having made notable changes in the world spectrum in various aspects. The novelist has amazingly succeeded in portraying the negative aspects of the ongoing changes occurring on all levels, regardless of geographic borders, in the technical, economic, social, cultural, and ethical spheres. New York city, one of the two major locations of the plot, happens to be home to a large population of legal and unauthorised immigrants from various ‘Third World Nations’, and the other is Kalimpong, a small Indian town at the base of Mount Kanchenjunga in the north-eastern Himalayas, which is shown to be experiencing political unrest in the middle of the 1980s following the launch of the liberation movement by the Indian Nepalese. Kiran Desai has effectively depicted the effects of the Gorkha movement of the time, linking it to the main plot. The purpose of this paper is to study the novel\u27s extensive treatment of the themes of home, homeland, alienation, immigration, identity crisis, and above all, the pain of isolation in the shadow of belongingness.&nbsp

    A Critical Analysis of Biblical and Miltonic Images Through John Milton’s Paradise Lost

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    In literature, imagery plays the crucial role because it delineates truthful projections with symbolic language. It is the function of imagery to visualize the figurative implications in the literature. It also intensifies the intellectual capacity of the readers and tells them which things are occurring around them and how they feel about it. Imagery helps to create several scenes that appeal to the reader\u27s mind. Imagery facilitates to arouse reader imagination and add figurative exquisiteness and creativity to what is being read. In addition, imagery helps contribute to literature\u27s disposition and tenor. The main purpose of this research paper is to investigate and explore the biblical interpretation and validity of truth through the great epic Paradise Lost (1667) written by John Milton. The researcher has attempted to explore the truth and its validity through Biblical and Miltonic images of the central characters such as the images of God, Jesus Christ, Satan, Adam and Eve. Milton has projected his views on the basis of Catholicism which denies trinity, i.e. Father, Son and Holy Ghost whereas Christianity is the foundation of trinity. The major emphasis of the present research is to fill the gap between the convictions of Catholic and puritan poet Milton and truthful events narrated by the spiritual writers in the Bible

    Re-writing Indian History: Colonial Encounter in Basavaraj Naikar’s The Queen of Kittur Edited by P.V. Laxmipasad

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    Re-writing Indian History:  Colonial Encounter in Basavaraj Naikar’s The Queen of Kittur, P. V. Laxmiprasad, Academica Press, Washington-London -2022, PP130, ISBN 978-1680532524, Rs. 9800/

    Use of Women’s Beauty and Makeup in Battle: Unveiling Stereotypes and Strength

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    Since the earliest writings of Bharatmuni\u27s Natyashastra, an essential text in Indian aesthetics written more than two thousand years ago, women have been essentially connected with beauty and makeup. Shringararasa was mostly associated with women in the Rasa philosophy. This link has persisted and can even be seen in current Hollywood productions. It is interesting how beauty has been portrayed in two distinct manners throughout various historical works of literature, films, and books. On one hand, it has supported stereotypes like child marriage and placed restrictions on women\u27s access to higher education and the workforce. On the other side, beauty has the ability to oppose patriarchy and, in a larger sense, be a tool for engaging in the struggle against oppression and lending support to diverse freedom movements. When faced with these obstacles, women stand out as heroes because they actively destroy patriarchal repressive institutions. Numerous narratives, motion pictures, and stage plays—both fiction and non-fiction—emphasize the extraordinary resilience of women and demonstrate how they employ cosmetics and beauty not just as a means of self-expression but also as instruments of adaptation in feminist movements and combat zones. These tales capture the essence of Goddess Durga, who stands for fortitude and tenacity. This paper analyses both perspectives of beauty, citing various texts, movies, novels, and other media as sources for its arguments. Let us continue the teachings of history, mythology, and film by traversing the complexity of beauty, strength, and resistance. Let us raise the voices of those who question conventions, celebrate diversity, and collaborate to create a society where every individual, regardless of gender, may thrive and contribute to the prosperity of a genuinely inclusive and just world

    The Transformative Influence of Literature on LGBTQ+ Rights Discourse in the Legal Arena

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    This research paper investigates the profound and transformative influence of literature on LGBTQ+ rights advocacy within the legal domain. Literature has played a pivotal role in shaping societal attitudes and perceptions of LGBTQ+ individuals, thus catalysing substantial changes in legal frameworks and rights for this marginalized community. Employing an interdisciplinary approach that merges insights from literature, legal studies, and social sciences, this paper examines the historical and contemporary contributions of literature to LGBTQ+ rights discourse. It also highlights key literary works, authors, and their impact on legal developments and social change. By scrutinizing this intersection, the author aims to underscore the indispensable role that literature continues to play in advancing LGBTQ+ rights and fostering social justice

    Critical Spectrum: The Short Stories of P. Raja Ed. P.V.Laxmiprasad

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    Critical Spectrum: The Short Stories of P. Raja Ed. P.V.Laxmiprasad, Authorspress, New Delhi, 2018, ISBN :978-93-87281-91-2, Pp 313, Rs 1200/

    Nature and Childhood in Ruskin Bond’s Short Stories

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    Ruskin Bond, an eminent Indian author, is lauded for his ability to exquisitely capture the spirit of nature and the naivety of childhood in his literary creations. His short stories portray the deep influence of nature on the lives and experiences of his child protagonists. Romantic poets such as William Wordsworth and William Blake envisaged an intimate connection between nature and childhood. Wordsworth portrays nature as a comforting retreat offering relief and revitalisation where childhood innocence is idealised. On the other hand, Blake juxtaposes childhood innocence with the grim realities of life, often using nature as a symbol for these opposing states. Bond\u27s stories delve into the importance of nature by highlighting how various aspects of the world serve as a setting for his characters’ escapades. They explore how the distinct flora and fauna found in the Himalayan region play a significant role in shaping the characters’ perceptions and choices throughout their journeys. In addition, they focus on Bond’s portrayal of childhood, emphasising traits such as callowness, fortitude, and inquisitiveness exhibited by his characters. This paper examines how the young characters in Bond’s stories manoeuvre through the challenges of a fast-changing world and find comfort and knowledge through their interactions with nature. His storytelling not only encases the innocent and delightful aspects of childhood but also delivers a powerful message about the environment. It encourages readers to value, protect, and peacefully coexist with nature

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