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Urban Development and Industrial Clustering in Pakistan: A Study Based on Geographical Perspective
Get PDFThe urban clusters serve as powerful magnets of economic opportunities and facilities for a large number of population. The only space they are able to grab are shanty town which are either very closely located or adjacent to major industrial zones in large cities of the world including Pakistan. Certainly these industrial estates capture the labor markets located nearby. These shanty towns have emerged as a result of in-migrant influx from the interior of the country and provinces. The clusters are geographical and sector wise concentration of numerous producers and ancillary agents, engaged in production, supply or trade activities. These are directly associated with the manufacturing of a specific product or set of products hence clusters constitute the core of industrial districts. An industrial district can now be defined as a geographical and spatial concentration of firms whose organization of products is marked by a dense network of local inter-firm relations. In order to investigate the urban development and geo-spatial agglomeration in Pakistan PCA has been run using eleven variables representing urban industrial infrastructure. The results reveal the significant role played by large industrial clusters contained in various urban centers of the country. This role is well reflected in the population potential of each of these urban centers
Use of the Suitability Model to Identify Landfill Sites in Lahore-Pakistan
Get PDFSite selection is a vital and basic concern of solid waste management in Lahore District, Pakistan, where there is fast growing urbanization. An appropriate landfill site for management of solid waste in this district must be found, and this demands the evaluation of multiple suitability criteria. Based on the current situation of the study area, these criteria were assigned weights according to their relative importance by using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The weights were then used in a simple additive weighted process (SAW) to generate a hierarchy of suitable sites for landfill to resolve the solid waste issue in Lahore District. Geographic information system (GIS) environment was used to collect, manipulate, analyze and present spatial data. Each spatial characteristic was standardized to same scale of 1 to 5 where 1 is the lowest suitability and 5 is highest suitability. This work presents a GIS-based site selection methodology that provides support to decision makers for the assessment of waste management issues in Lahore District
Evaluation of Bioactivity and Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation of Herbal Plants Against Ampicillin Resistant Bacteria
Get PDFPresently, natural products are extensively used as substitute of synthetic drugs because of natural and environment friendly antimicrobial actions due to presence of bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds are found extensively in herbs. In this study, bioactivity and phytochemical study of crude extracts of Ocimum basilicum, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis and Origanum vulgare against ampicillin resistant bacterial strains isolated from fruits and vegetables eaten as raw, was investigated. Bacterial strains were isolated from the surface of selected washed fruits and vegetables by serial dilution method. Three morphologically different strains (A, P and L) were selected on the basis of resistance to ampicillin (150ug/ml). 16s rRNA sequencing revealed that bacterial strains A, P and L belong to Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain A, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain P and Rhodobacter sphaeroides, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed presence of different chemical compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phlobotannins, quinones, coumarin and flavonoids. Occurrence of saponins and flavonoids in the extract was further confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Ocimum basilicum, Rosmarinus officinalis and Origanum vulgare extracts caused inhibition of the isolated ampicillin resistant organisms (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) but effect of Thymus vulgaris was more pronounced. Anti-mitotic study revealed the ability of these extracts to reduce dividing cells by the anti-mitotic properties and this is helpful in inhibition of the development of cancer cells. Therefore, these plants can be used to discover natural products that will aid in more effective developments of new drug research activities
Physico-Chemical Analysis and Composition of Camel Milk of Bangladesh
Get PDFCamel farming is increasing in Bangladesh but the nutritious value of the produced milk has not been studied in this geological location. The milk was coagulated by citric acid and the coagulated solid i.e. the casein (7%) and pure serum (14%) were obtained. Fat content was determined by extracting casein and the aqueous serum, separately with n-hexane and found 2.59% and 5.79%, respectively. The fatty acids in the fat from casein and serum were made into their methyl ester by saponification followed by esterification and analyzed by GC-FID. Palmitoleic, oleic and linoleic acids were predominant fatty acids found in the analyzed samples while stearic, arachidic, behenic and myristic acids were present as minor acids. Water, ash, nitrogen and lactose contents in the milk were 84%, 0.88%, 1.62% and 9.32%, respectively. The presence of vitamin B1, B2 and B6 were estimated by UV-VIS spectrophotometer and found 388, 64 and 116 ppm, respectively
Effect of Acid Treatment on the Recovery of Valuable Metals from Steel Plant Exhaust
Get PDFThe response of different metals such as Zn, Fe, Pb, Cr and Mn during leaching of Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) dust in acid medium has been investigated. The major proportion of EAF dust constitutes of these metals and their recovery by means of a chemical process is not only economical but also imparts positive impact on the environment. The leaching of metals from dust is achieved using different concentration of sulphuric acid, and the dust samples have been characterized both before and after leaching. Based on the results, several recommendations have been suggested for the optimization of H2SO4 concentration,that lead to the maximum recovery of these metals. Under the optimized conditions, it has been determined that the satisfactory leaching yield of Zn (95%) can be obtained at a concentration of 1M
Cyclic Voltammetry of Trazodone as [piperazin-1-yl] Antidepressant Drug and Bovine Serum Albumin Binding
Get PDFThe electrochemical behavior of trazodone (TRZ), 2-{3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl] propyl}-2H,3H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3-one has been investigated bycyclic voltammerty measurements at glassy carbon working electrode. The voltammetric method includes selection of supporting electrolyte, pH, scan rate and temperature optimization; and measurements of some other basic voltammetric parameters. The TRZ oxidation peaks are decreased as a result of TRZ-BSA binding. TRZ-BSA binding mechanism is also established
Effect of Annealing on Morphological and Functional Properties of Pakistani White Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Starch
Get PDFThe present study reports the effect of annealing on the morphological and functional properties of starch isolated from white sorghum grains. Scanning electron micrographs of native white sorghum starch (NWSS) revealed the presence of spherical and polygonal shaped granules with random distribution of surface pores. The diameter of surface pores ranged between 213-275 nm in NWSS. The size of small and large granules in NWSS ranged between 5-7 µm and 11-21 µm, respectively. There was no significant difference in the size and shape of NWSS and annealed white sorghum starch (AWSS) granules. However, the diameter of surface pores doubled after annealing. The AWSS showed reduced swelling power, solubility and water binding capacity. Pasting temperature increased from 73.4°C in NWSS to 75.8°C in AWSS. The pasting profile of annealed starches showed reduction in peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, cold paste viscosity and set back viscosity. Paste clarity improved on annealing while, the extent of reduction in percent transmittance after 72 hours of storage was higher for NWSS suggesting use of annealed starch in high clarity products
Modeling For Valuing Knowledge as Perceived by Business Managers Using Statistical Tools
Get PDFKnowledge is a valuable asset as it brings success and sustainability to the organizations. Till recently, the value of an organization is determined from its financial statements. These statements are historical in nature and contain the book value of physical assets, hence do not depict the true worth of an organization. The future revenue/profit from the organization depends upon its capability to make best use of its assets. This depends on the quality of knowledge an organization possess and its capability to use that knowledge asset. Therefore, knowledge is the most important asset in an organization. However there is no financial statement or business document that shows the volume and value of knowledge present in the organization. Hence, it is critical to determine the value of knowledge to ascertain true worth of an organization.This research study attempts to present factors that influence the value of knowledge during its life cycle. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaire instrument was used to get subsequent data from 521 business managers working in various industries. The collected data was subjected to various statistical tools to evaluate the factors and their hypothesis. The twenty two factors identified initially were first analyzed for their verification and authenticity. Later each item was regrouped through the Rotated Component Matrix analysis – first order for meaningful set of factors. Based on the result of second order Rotated Component Matrix analysis, all the newly identified factors were finally grouped into two groups of factors that influences the value of knowledge. These groups were: ‘Efforts’ and ‘Business’. The integration of ‘Efforts’ and ‘Business’ factors forms the Knowledge Value Wheel (KVW) that helps in defining the “Knowledge Value Line” (KVL). The KVL depicts the value of knowledge at any given time. The KVL and KVW combines to form the “Knowledge Value Life Cycle” (KVLC).The findings will help further research in the area of knowledge management. Managers would be able to differentiate most valuable and useful knowledge asset for effective management. Need for further R&D on critical knowledge can be identified. It would also be beneficial to the investors in determining the true worth of an organization in terms of its knowledge asset
Association between Body Image and Marital Satisfaction in Married Adults
Get PDFObjective: To determine the association between body image and marital satisfaction in married adults.Study Design: A Correlation/ Cross-sectional studySetting and Duration: The study was carried out in Karachi, Pakistan, over a period of three months.Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted after seeking approval from the Board of Advance Studies and Research (BASR), University of Karachi, Pakistan. A total sample of 200 married adults (100 males and 100 females) was selected purposively for the study. The age range of the target group was 22 to 40 years (mean age 34 years; SD=5.13) with minimum of 2 years and maximum of 20 years of marriage. Entire sample had middle socioeconomic status and their education level was from graduation and above. The subject completed the Demographic Information, Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) and Kansas marital satisfaction scale. Responses were scored according to the producer given in the manuals.Results: Mean ± SD of age was 34.27±7 years. Mean ± SD of duration of marriage is 2 years and 5 months. Significant (
Estimation of Diffuse Solar Radiation from Clearness Index for Multan, Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Get PDFEmpirical correlations have been developed for Multan for the estimation of Diffuse Solar Radiation (DSR) as a function of clearness index (KT). The diffuse solar radiation are also estimated by the relationship as given by Liu and Jorden, Page and Iqbal. All these correlation shows a peak value of diffuse solar radiation for the months of July & August (monsoon months). The diffuse to global (total) radiation ratio is 0.317. The presently developed correlation are fine agreement with the result obtained by earlier models. It is inferred from the result that solar energy has bright prospects as far as its application and utilization is concerned. Empirical correlations have been developed for Multan for the estimation of Diffuse Solar Radiation (DSR) as a function of clearness index (KT). The diffuse solar radiation are also estimated by the relationship as given by Liu and Jorden, Page and Iqbal. All these correlation shows a peak value of diffuse solar radiation for the months of July & August (monsoon months). The diffuse to global (total) radiation ratio is 0.317. The presently developed correlation are fine agreement with the result obtained by earlier models. It is inferred from the result that solar energy has bright prospects as far as its application and utilization is concerned