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Micropropagation of the Halophyte Sarcocornia fruticosa (L.) A. J. Scott
Get PDFDetails of investigation to evaluate the effects of the number of nodes (one, two or three) of Sarcocornia fruticosa explants on growth and multiplication rate of plantlets are presented in this paper. The responses of the 3-node explants to some supplementary sources of different aminoacids and growth regulators indol-3-acetic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine and gibberellins A3 were also analysed. Plantlets from 3-node explants showed a marked increase in growth and number of lateral shoots, indicating that Sarcocornia does not respond well when explants are very small. The addition of 100 mg l-1 casein hydrolysate plus 150 mg l-1 glutamine, and 100 mg l-1 casein hydrolysate plus vitamins showed to be good growth promoters in micropropagating Sarcocornia, giving longer plantlets and higher multiplication rates
Analysis of Soybean Embryonic Axis Proteins by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry
Get PDFA proteomic approach based on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) for protein separation and subsequent mass spectrometry (MS) for protein identification was applied to establish a proteomic reference map for the soybean embryonic axis. Proteins were extracted from dissected embryonic axes and separated in the first dimension using a pH range from 4-7. A total of 401 protein spots were isolated, digested with trypsin, and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We identified 335 protein spots by searching National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non redundant databases using the Mascot search engine and found a total of 200 unique proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was employed to understand the molecular processes in which the identified embryonic axes proteins are involved. The majority of proteins play a functional role in catalytic activity (42.9%) and binding (39.3%), followed by nutrient reservoir activity (5.3%), structural molecular activity (4.0%), antioxidant activity (3.2%), transporter activity (2.4%), enzyme regulator activity (1.2%), molecular transducer activity (0.8%), and transcription regulator activity (0.8%). Our 2D-profiling of soybean axis proteins has established for the first time a baseline proteome on which to investigate and compare factors affecting soybean embryonic development and the interaction of beneficial and pathogenic soilborne organisms during seed germination
Development and Validation of a RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Get PDFA simple, fast and economic reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been successfully developed and validated for simultaneous determination of fluoroquinolone analogs namely levofloxacin and moxifloxacin in both pure form (as API) and in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method was validated according to the guidelines of ICH, FDA and USP with respect to accuracy, precision and linearity. For method development a C-18 bonded silica column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5μ, Phenomenex, Inc) was used with a mobile phase comprising of 10% aqueous solution of acetic acid and acetonitrile in a ratio of 80:20 v/v. The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min and effluents were monitored at 300 nm and the retention times were found to be at 7.0±0.1 min and 10.59±0.1 min for levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, respectively. The recovery was found to be more than 99% for each spiked samples of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, demonstrating the accuracy of the protocol. Intra-day and inter-day precisions of the new method were less than the maximum allowable limit (RSD% £ 2.0) according to FDA. The method showed linear response with correlation coefficient value of 0.9975 in both the cases.
Therefore, the developed method was found to be simpler, accurate, reproducible, efficient and less time consuming and can be successfully applied for the simultaneous assay of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin formulations.HPLC, method development, validation, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
The Feasibility of Reactive Dye in PVA Films as High Dosimeter
Get PDFThe gamma dosimetric response of the Methylene Blue (MB) in Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) films was investigated. The spectrophotometric analysis was done to observe the changes in these films at pre and post irradiation. The PVA based films were irradiated using Cs137 γ-source within dose range (100-200) kGy. The effect of concentration of dyes, pH of the dyed solutions and thickness of dyed films were employed as the dosimetric parameters in this study. The stability of MB-PVA films before and after irradiation was examined at ambient temperature. MB-PVA films were found to be light sensitive. Owing to simple preparation and absence of any toxic solvents during preparation, PVA based films were found to be docile for large-scale production and application for routine irradiation processes of medical equipments
Cefdinir Inclusion in Mesoporous Silica as Effective Dissolution Enhancer with Improved Physical Stability
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this research was to enhance the physical stability and the dissolution rate of cefdinir, a BCS class IV drug, characterized by low and variable bioavailability due to both its low solubility and low permeability.
Methods: Cefdinir was loaded into the mesoporous silica (SBA-15), by using the solvent immersion method starting from different organic solvents. And then formula (F3), which exhibited the highest loading percentage, was selected to study its drug release in media with different pH (1.2, 4.5, and 6.8), and has been fully characterized by using: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Powder X-ray Diffraction, and has been subjected to accelerated stability tests using different temperatures and relative humidity. Drug release kinetics were studied by using the following models: Probit, Gompertz, Weibull, and Logistic.
Results: The results showed a remarkable dissolution improvement of cefdinir from the loaded silica in comparison to the crystalline drug at the different studied media. Drug release behaviors were well simulated by the Weibull model for F3 in all studied media and for pure Cefdinir in phosphate buffer only, and by the Gompertz function for pure Cefdinir in HCl buffer and Acetate buffer. FTIR results showed hydrogen bonds formed between the drug and silica, DSC and PXRD results revealed the transformation of cefdinir into an amorphous form upon adsorption. Stability studies under different conditions revealed the ability of mesoporous silica to maintain the amorphous state of the drug, which has been formed upon adsorption, and to prevent re-organization in the crystal nucleus of the drug molecules.
Conclusion: Thus, loading cefdinir onto mesoporous silica can be used as a promising method to enhance drug dissolution, and maintain the physical stability of its amorphous form
Evaluation of Bone Health among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: An Application of Health Belief Model
Get PDFBackground: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis remain one of the major public health problems worldwide with a considerable burden on society. Health belief toward osteoporosis is fundamental to all osteoporosis management programs and is often a pre-requisite for initiating desired behavioral changes. The aim of this study was to assess: the level of the Malay version of the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS-M) among T2DM patients; the relation of socio-demographic characteristics, clinical data with OHBS-M level and the correlation between OHBS-M score and T-score.
Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study design was conducted among T2DM patients. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a convenient sampling method. All T2DM patients underwent the bone mineral density measurement using a quantitative ultrasound scan (QUS).
Results: The result showed the average age of the participants was 62.67± 9.24 years. The study findings revealed that the average total score of OHBS-M 143.08±24.22 (median 141.50) with 85.60% of T2DM patients had a low level of osteoporosis health belief. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the QUS T-scores and osteoporosis health beliefs.
Conclusions: The study findings revealed that the assessment of T2DM patients’ bone health and health belief toward osteoporosis is crucial to improve an osteoporosis preventive strategy for high-risk populations
Toxic Effects Observed on Light Weight Proteins of Musca domestica with Pb(CH3COO)2
Get PDFLead is considered to be an important noxious waste which could contaminate the environment, such as soil, air and water, therefore, insects could be influenced easily by the lead. Musca domestica, was studied at 48 hours post treatment, under the effects of lead acetate, in different concentrations. It was observed that under the effects of lead abnormalities and deformity were developed in the larvae of flies. Thus these flies could present a useful module for the quick transmission of the environmental hazards due to lead contamination, which exerts a specific physiological and morphological effect on these flies
A Comparative Study of the Antihypertensive Agents on Serum Liver Enzymes ALT, AST and ALP of Hypertensive and cardiac Patients
Get PDFPresent study is done to compare serum Liver enzymes including Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in hypertensive and cardiac patients. 24 patients were divided into 4 groups according to their treatment with 4 different types of antihypertensive drugs. Group I treated with Beta-blockers (1+1). Group II treated with ACE-Inhibitor once a day. Group III treated with Nitrates once a day. Group IV is taking Diuretics once a day. Data showed non-significant difference in serum ALT concentration in all groups. A significant rise (p< 0.05) in serum AST and ALP levels among hypertensive and cardiac patients is observed, ranging from 24.63-47.33U/L and 110-2484 U/L respectively when compared with normal controls. Thus, not only the risk of cardiac diseases in future might be predicted by altered levels of enzymes ALT, AST and ALP in serum but their concentrations should be monitored during the treatment of cardiac diseases to minimize the risk of cardiac arrest
Earth’s Temperature Versus the Sun, Water Vapor and CO2
Get PDFThe IPCC report Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis (AR5) has two opposing claims as causes for an increase in the Earth’s temperature in the decades leading up to 2011. In one claim, the cause is an increase in the level of CO2 in the atmosphere. In the second claim, it is an increase in water vapor measured as specific humidity. The purpose of this study is to determine which claim is correct. Several published studies are brought together to form a coherent picture of the interaction between the Sun, water vapor, and the non-condensing greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Back radiation is the sum of radiation back to the Earth from all GHGs. Warming by water vapor measured as specific humidity is approximately 85.5% to 96.5% of the warming by back radiation. The Sun controls Earth’s temperature through specific humidity. The relationship between air temperature and specific humidity is presented in terms of numerical values. Thus, the portion of a temperature caused by specific humidity can be readily estimated
Investigation of Soil Physicochemical Effects on the Corrosion of Buried Iron Pipes
Get PDFSoil corrosivity was an active problem of water pipeline damaged by corrosion that affects the performance of pipe manufacturers. In Addis ababa, groundwater pipelines were facing breakage and like due to corrosion damage of the pipes. The population of nearly four million were facing a shortage of clean and continuous water supply. Maintenace and replacing old pipes with new ones increased additional cost and delay of water supply for the city. For this investigation of corrosion, causes were conducted which soil property is the one factor. Investigation of soil corrosivity for a given specific location before installation is important to design robust pipes that can serve for long life. Soil physicochemical behaviors of the soil parameters were pH, moisture content, and electrical resistivity for any type of soil. In addition, soil bulk density, total nitrogen, soil texture, and electrical conductivity were also the main factors to be studied. The laboratory result indicated that pH of 6.98-7.04, moisture content of 23.7-37.5%, and electrical conductivity of 0.105-313 ds/m were observed. Total nitrogen was small as 0.06-0.10 for a type of soil were class and loam soils. From the analysis of eight soil samples taken from different cities. The results show that the corrosivity behavior of buried iron pipes in the capital city of Ethiopia was moderately corrosive. As confirmed from various soil samples tested from corroded pipes at different depths of 40, 80, and 120 cm. The influence of soil corrosiveness factors initiates pits formation and propagates its width and depth on the surface of pipes