Indian Journal of Language and Linguistics
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Immediate and Delayed Recall for Words and Non-Words in Native and Non-Native Speakers
Get PDFMemory is an important aspect of cognition. Recall and recognition can be used as experimental tasks for assessing memory. Non-Word Recall taps phonological short term memory. The non-word recall is language sensitive hence there is a need to investigate this ability in native and on-native speakers. The current study aimed to study immediate and delayed recall in native and non-native speakers. A total of 30 participants (15 native and 15 non-native speakers) in the age range of 18-30 years participated in the study. 15 words and 15 non-words were presented in Malayalam and the participants were asked to recall the stimulus immediately after the stimulus presentation and 2 days post stimulus presentation. The results of the showed that the performance on recall varied for words and non-words. Performance on Recall was better for native compared to non-native speakers
A Study on the Effectiveness of Learning Strategies in English
Get PDFThis article is concerned with ''learning strategies of English in English Foreign Language setting in Iran. The role of language strategy is to reach or complete a language learning process or language teaching process in target language. It is worth mentioning strategies of learning can be considered as the important factor in learning and teaching target language in order to help determine how language learners learn their target language in EFL or ESL settings. Subjects for this research project were eighty EFL students in the age range of 18 to 24 at under-graduate level in Bushehr Persian Gulf University. The two types of questionnaires were designed to reach the purpose of this study: the first test included age, gender, language attitude and subjects etc. and a learning strategies questionnaire has included a twenty-nine-test adapted from the original willing (1994) survey. However, the Effectiveness of Learning Strategies was revealed in this study
ESP on the border between tradition and innovation
Get PDFThis paper focuses on English for specific purposes (ESP) for Nursing students at a tertiary level institution and the materials designed for these classes. It does not cover all the fields of ESP. It aims at exploring just one facet of the process of language teaching and learning. That one point of view will contribute to understanding the optimal means of successful teaching mastery. The first part represents the theoretical background of ESP methodology. In the second part, the authors provide examples of activities designed for their students that have proved to be an effective way to facilitate the process of language acquisition
Preserving the Linguistic Diversity of Uttarakhand: Role of Language and Education Policies
Get PDFThe People’s Linguistic Survey of India has listed at least 13 languages from Uttarakhand, none of which are a part of Indian Constitution’s Eight Schedule. However, two of them (Kumaoni and Garhwali) are a part of UNESCO’s list of endangered languages. Garhwali is spoken by 23 lakh people in Uttarkahnd, while Kumaoni is the native language of about 20 lakh people. More than 40% of the state's population communicate using native languages and yet Hindi is the only official language of Uttarakhand. This research article seeks to examine the language and educational policies at both state and national level, their goals, implementation, and effectiveness in supporting the regional languages of Uttarakhand
Intricate Relationship between Memory and Attention
Get PDFMemory and attention are viewed as important cognitive processes which we use in our daily routine. Attention is regarded as a prerequisite for memory. Memory involves three stages namely encoding, storage and retrieval. Attention is found to be important for encoding. The study was carried out with the aim of determining the relationship between memory and attention. 20 Participants in the age range of 18-30 years served as participants. In the first second tasks, the stimuli was presented orthographically and the task of the participants were asked to recall the items in the absence and presence of noise. In the third and fourth tasks, the participants were asked to recall one specific item (not told beforehand) and recall all items respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that there was no difference between task 1 and task 2 and significant difference was seen between task 3 and 4 respectively showing that attention and memory are related
Dissolution of Language Leads to Dissolution of Self: Pragmatic Analysis of Franz Kafka's Trial
Get PDFThe Trial (1999) is one of the most complex novels in world literature. The research starts with reviewing various attempts that have been made by critics to comprehend the meaning of the novel The Trial. After overviewing the various ways in which the novel has been analysed, the present research aims to unravel the meaning of the text from a linguistic angle. The research is intended to do a pragmatic study of the text by taking Grice‘s Cooperative Principle as the theoretical base. The main purpose of the study is to find out whether the Grice’s Maxims are followed in the text or not. In the case of the violation of four maxims of the Cooperative Principle, which type of maxims are violated and how and what impact it has on the overall understanding of the text
Cross Linguistic Transfer of Phonological Awareness and Word Recognition: An Exploratory Study on English Language Learners
Get PDFBilingual studies on cross-linguistic transfer of phonological awareness and word recognition emphasize the relevance of nature of language and orthography. The current study was designed to examine the significance of language and orthographic structure for phonological awareness and word recognition skills in children who are native speakers of Malayalam language learning English at school. The association of phonological awareness and word recognition in 30 Malayalam speaking preschool English Language Learners (ELL’s) was tested using a set of stimuli in both English and Malayalam. Results revealed that word recognition was associated with phoneme awareness in English whereas in Malayalam, all the three levels tested in this study (rhyme, syllable and phoneme awareness) showed association with word recognition. However, considering the cross-linguistic associations, Malayalam word recognition was related to all levels of phonological awareness in English whereas no strong association was observed for word recognition in Malayalam with phonological awareness in English. Regression analysis revealed phoneme awareness in English as a strong predictor of word recognition in both the languages. These findings highlight the cross-linguistic transfer of phonological awareness between English and Malayalam supporting the Transfer Facilitation Model (TFM). Pedagogical implications of these findings on ELLs are discussed
Cross-Linguistic Comparisons of Noun Phrase Constructions in Khasi Varieties
Get PDFThis research paper presents a detailed analysis of the noun phrases (NP) in War-Khasi and War-Jaiñtia, two varieties of the Khasi language spoken in north-eastern India. The study investigates the syntactic and morphological features of NPs, with a particular emphasis on the distinctions between pre-modifiers and post- modifiers. By comparing and contrasting the NPs of War-Khasi and War-Jaiñtia, the paper highlights the unique attributes and functions of these constructions in each variety. The research also explores the various constructions of NPs in both varieties and evaluates their syntactic and semantic roles. The findings demonstrate that while both varieties share similar NP constructions, there are notable differences in the functions and attributes of NPs in each variety. Furthermore, the paper elaborates on the different functions of NPs and their lexical elements, including the head noun and all of its accompanying modifiers. Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of the syntax and morphology of noun phrases in Khasi and provides insights into the unique linguistic features of these two varieties. The findings have important implications for cross-linguistic comparisons of NP constructions and for further research in the field of linguistics of the Khasi varieties
Analysis of Formant Frequencies and Vowel Articulation in the Spoken Standard Nigerian English of Undergraduate Students
Get PDFThe study compares the first two formants' frequencies in the speech of male and female undergraduate speakers of Standard Nigerian English at the University of Lagos (UNILAG). The study examined eight monophthongs produced in the CVC context (hVd) by 40 males and 40 females, and analysed the vowel quality and phonetic vowel space used by the two gender groups using the Linear Predictive Coding and spectrogram techniques. The findings reveal that there are differences in vowel realisation and quality between male and female speakers, which affect their accents. Specifically, the male undergraduates exhibit compression in the phonetic vowel space while their female counterparts show expansion. This study contributes to the understanding of the vowel space in the speech of male and female speakers, and how these differences may influence speech accent
On Indo–European /a/
Get PDFAlthough the original phonemic vowel pattern of the founding era of Indo–European Linguistics (/a i u/) was largely abandoned by the end of the 19th century, there are good reasons to rethink its recovery and functionality. The main reason that led to the rejection of the presence of /a/ in the original vowel pattern can no longer be maintained today. The so–called “new sound of Indo–European” is indeed too new and too unsound. What we need is a real old Indo–European sound. Old and sound too