Indian Journal of Language and Linguistics
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Mother Tongue Education in Manipur’s Hill Districts: A Case Study
Get PDFThis case study investigates the current status and challenges of mother tongue-based education in Manipur’s hill districts, home to numerous tribal communities with distinct languages. Based on a survey of 251 respondents including parents, teachers, community leaders, and students the study explores language use in education, availability of teaching materials, language proficiency, and community preferences. The findings reveal a strong disconnect between children’s home languages and the medium of instruction in schools, which is usually English or Manipuri. Most schools lack textbooks or resources in local languages, and few teachers are trained or fluent in them. Nevertheless, there is widespread community support for using the mother tongue in early education, as it enhances comprehension, participation, and cultural identity. Major challenges include lack of insufficient teacher training, education materials, standard orthography, and community anxiety about English proficiency. The study highlights the importance of aligning educational practices with linguistic realities to promote equity, effective learning, and language preservation
Morphological Study of Covid-19 Terminologies: An Indian Context
Get PDFThe outbreak of COVID-19, a world-wide pandemic, greatly affected the world leading to the death of the thousands of people world-wide. This unceasing event not only impacted the health of human beings but it also greatly impacted economy, education, and of course language, too. If we navigate through the aftermath of COVID-19, the impact of it on English language can be easily identified. It has led to many linguistic innovations which serve as a rich data base for the linguistic study. The present study aims to do morphological analysis of the terminologies that have emerged during the pandemic, COVID-19 in India. The main objective of the research is to identify and analyze the various morphological processes through which the terminologies have been created. The data for the present study were collected from various sources of print and electronic media which included newspapers, magazines, and social media platforms like face book. The sample size consisted of 50 terminologies which were identified and analyzed morphologically. The findings of the study highlight that various types of morphological processes such as affixation, compounding, blending, coinage, borrowing, abbreviation and acronyms are involved in the creation of the COVID-19 terminologies. The creation of new terminologies can be seen in terms of linguistic innovations which have greatly affected the lexicon of English language. The study attempts to contribute something meaningful to the field of morphology
Code-mixing in Chhattisgarhi Conversation of Undergraduate Students
Get PDFThis paper investigates code-mixing in Chhattisgarhi based on conversation collected from the undergraduate students in the district of Gourella-Pendra-Marvahi (GPM). In India, lexical items from other languages are often mixed in most of the Indian languages since it is a multilingual country. In fact, this happens in Chhattisgarhi conversation by mixing English words in various situations. English language is used in India as second and foreign language in different places. So, the possibilities of mixing English words in Chhattisgarhi are commonly found in the spoken data. Code-mixing is a phenomenon in the society in which speakers mix words for various reasons. This paper focuses on the nature of code-mixing, the significance of code-mixing, how Chhattisgarhi undergraduate students mix English words, phrases, idioms, baster forms and clauses and the reasons for code-mixing in their Chhattisgarhi conversation. In this study, data was collected from twenty Chhattisgarhi undergraduate students at Pandit Madhav Rao Sapre College in Pendra Road of GPM district. Descriptive qualitative method was used and the informal conversations were collected from undergraduate students in different situations. The data was collected from the students through the audio-recorder in the natural settings. The recorded audio has been transcribed in IPA script, analyzed and discussed in detail in this paper. The participant of one of the researchers also helped to draw on first-hand observation through her membership in the community. The findings reveal that undergraduate students mix considerably English words, phrases, baster forms and clauses in Chhattisgarhi conversation. It is also identified that certain Chhattisgarhi case markers were attached to the English words and the insertion of sounds were found within the words i.e., intra-lexical code-mixing which leads to change the actual pronunciation of the word. The findings disclose the attitudes and opinions of undergraduate students while mixing the English elements and the main reasons for code-mixing in Chhattisgarhi conversation
The Pragmatics of Linguistic Creativity in Nigeria's 2023 Elections Campaign Discourse
Get PDFElections in Nigeria, as is also obtainable in other countries of the world are characterized by a unique use of linguistic creativity and language codification during campaigns. This is made possible by the different campaign mechanisms employed by different political bodies to market their candidates and as well, de-market candidates of rival political parties. The campaigns preceding the 2023 general elections in Nigeria provide us with a set of unique and creatively inspired texts. The main objective of this study is to understudy the socio-pragmatic content of these texts which manifest mostly as neologisms. The data for this study were elicited using ethnographic approaches and were descriptively analyzed using the principles of post-colonial pragmatics by Anchimbe and Janney (2011,) and Stalnaker’s (2002) common ground notion. Findings indicate that although some of the neologisms used in the 2023 general elections were completely new, some were recycled from previous electioneering periods. The neologisms were basically employed as means of showing intra party and inter party or group identities
The Reading of William Blake’s (1757-1827) “London”: A Discourse Analysis Approach
Get PDFThis study has attempted to investigate the problem faced by children in an aristocratic or well-to-do society. Through the narrator’s language, it has been proven that the pretenders do not care of the low class. The former are Londoners together with the leaders who have marginalized the proletarians or the working class: women, soldiers, artists, teachers, sweepers, and so on. These people are considered not only as children but they are also not seen because they are mere faces, i.e. the invisible people who have nothing to say in decision making. In addition, the Church leaders in London seem to preach what they are not able to live, for they are, instead of preaching the gospel, involved in murder (hearse) and in insanity. As they are also involved in politics, they pass laws and make charters for useless matters such as rivers and streets ignoring children and other vulnerable people
Consonant Cluster Acquisition in Toddlers: An Explorative Study
Get PDFThe acquisition of consonant clusters is considered as one of the final stages of speech development in typically developing children. Nonetheless, the phonological development in children is now more advanced compared to the previously established norms. The current study aimed to determine how consonantal clusters, in particular non-geminate clusters, emerged throughout the early phases of phonological acquisition and to understand the positional variations in the cluster acquisition. The study involved 40 Malayalam speaking children aged between two to three years, divided into four groups with an age interval of 3 months. These children were administered 30 non-geminate consonant clusters from the Malayalam Articulation Test – Revised. Positional effect of the cluster acquisition was examined. In addition, the type of articulatory errors on consonant production were also determined. Findings from the present study revealed that children achieve the mastery of many consonant clusters by two to three years of age. Positional effect of cluster acquisition revealed medial clusters were acquired earlier than initial clusters. Cluster reduction was the dominant cluster error type, decreasing with age. Thus, compared with the previous established norms, the current findings demonstrate a much earlier acquisition of nongeminate clusters in Malayalam. The revised norms for cluster acquisition proposed from the findings of this study could benefit Speech-Language Pathologists to conduct age-appropriate assessment and treatment of speech sound disorders
The Minority Languages of Tripura with Special Reference to Kokborok Language: A Study on the Language Demography of Tripura, India
Get PDFLinguistically, Tripura is a case of one dominant language and several minority languages. This study aims to identify the minority languages endemic to Tripura, with the objective of preserving and protecting the identified languages. The present study is based on the secondary data collected from the Census of India, 2011 and Ethnologue, 2024. The descriptive research method has been used to analyse the data. The study reveals that eight minority languages are enlisted by the Directorate of Kokborok and Other Minority Languages in Tripura. The eight languages are Kokborok, Manipuri, Bishnupriya Manipuri, Kuki-Mizo, Garo, Halam, Chakma and Mogh. Out of the eight minority languages enlisted by the said directorate of Tripura, Kokborok is the only language endemic to Tripura, and other minority languages have their language core areas outside the state. The core area of Kokborok is situated in Tripura, and the periphery areas are spread in the adjacent Indian states of Mizoram and Assam and Chittagong hill tracts of Bangladesh. However, the Kokborok language is a vulnerable minority language in its core area. The language speakers account for only 25.9 per cent of the total speakers in Tripura. Even after gaining official status on January 19, 1979, the Kokborok language is not widely used in educational institutions, official circulars, press, television, courts, and financial or social institutions, weakening language vitality. Therefore, considering the endemic character of the Kokborok language, meaning that the Kokborok language holds unique traits and adaptations to environmental conditions in the region, its minority status and low language vitality, the Kokborok language needs to be preserved and protected
The Classroom Management in English Language Teaching
Get PDFThis paper examined a review study of the classroom management in English language teaching. Classroom Management is one of the important aspects of English language teaching is directly related to the job of English teachers in their classrooms. The successful of the English teacher is related to the ability of the teacher in managing his / her class. Today, the classroom management is an art as well as a science for the English teacher in order to become effective teacher in EFL or ESL classrooms. The teacher can use the art and science of his / her teaching English along with various classroom activities to motivate his/ her students to gain confidence in the learning of English. The classroom management in English classrooms is an important factor that contributes to success in English language teaching and learning. When we condider about the classroom management, the classroom management cannot be studied properly without touching upon the study of psychological problems, learner problems, and linguistic problems. This study reviews classroom management is known as one of the big challenges of the teacher in controlling ELT classroom
Profiling word retrieval abilities in persons with aphasia - A preliminary study
Get PDFVarious methods are used to elicit the naming responses. The current study aimed to assess different naming abilities in persons with aphasia. Naming abilities were assessed using varied types of naming tasks for PWA. PWA was subjected to eight types of naming tasks [Confrontation Naming (CN), Phonemic Fluency (PF), Semantic Fluency (SF), Serial Naming (SN), Ordinate Naming (ON), Automated Naming (AN), Responsive Naming (RN) and Sentence Completion (SC)] and compared with age, education matched neurotypical individuals (n=15). The assessment was carried out in the Kannada Language. The raw scores obtained for each task were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. On eight naming tasks, neurotypical individuals performed better than persons with post-stroke aphasia. Mann Whitney U test revealed a significant difference in the phonemic fluency task in both groups of participants with a value less than 0.05. Friedman analysis with adjusted Bonferroni showed a significant difference in pairwise comparison for eight naming tasks. Among which pairs with phonemic fluency task had a significant difference in both the groups (p< 0.05). The correlation between language impairment in PWA and types of naming was studied using WAB AQ scores with accuracy scores on different types of naming tasks. A significant correlation was seen between WAB AQ and the Phonemic fluency task. The nature of the task and the factors affecting the naming of each task influence the performance of the individuals. PWA has a difference in brain mechanism for naming compared to NTI. Phonemic fluency is recommended for regular naming assessments as it is simple, easy, and quick to administer. Also, it taps both the cognitive and linguistic abilities of an individual. Language impairment and different types of naming are well related in the current study. The need to assess all types of naming to understand the word production deficit is justified
Correlative and Free Relative constructions in Odia and English
Get PDFThe present paper investigates multiple Correlative Constructions (CC) in Odia and sketches a combined semantic and syntactic analysis. The paper describes Correlative Constructions and related constructions in Odia, with a view especially to its quantificational systems, one residing in lexical quantifiers, and one in the clause combinations which constitute CCs. Over the last decades, a growing literature has addressed similarities between CCs as instantiated in languages on the Indian subcontinent and types of Free Relatives, e.g., in English, as they occur in positions adjoined to clauses, here to be called Adjoined Free Relatives (AFRs). AFR constructions supplement lexical quantification in English in a parallel way to CCs in Odia, and we explore possibilities of representing CCs and AFR constructions within a common semantico-syntactic frame of analysis. We show how the quantificational effects of CCs can be derived from their character as relative constructions, residing in what we call co-targeted predicates, as opposed to lexical encoding of quantificational meaning through items such as ‘each’, ‘every’ and the like. We thereby describe two distinct strategies for obtaining partially similar quantificational effects, a finding which applies to CC/AFR constructions cross-linguistically