Kasetsart University
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Soil improvement before sugarcane planting, using natural weed, soil amendment material and green manure
No full textGenetic diversity of phytoplasma associated with diseases of sugarcane and some grasses in Thailand based on sequencing analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region
No full textThe phylogenetic analysis of phytoplasmas focused on the nucleotide sequences of the intergenic 16s-23s rRNA spacer region that primers enable the amplification of a 210 bp fragment by nested-PCR, are established for studying of genetic diversity of phytoplasma associated with diseases of sugarcane and some grasses in Thailand.
In this present study, 99 phytoplasma infected sugarcane samples exhibiting various phenotypic symptoms and 15 samples of grasses showing white leaves were collected from many locations in Thailand and subjected for nucleotide sequencing. Phylogenetics tree based on 16S-23S ITS gene sequences showed two primary clusters: (1) phytoplasmas that cause diseases in sugarcane and (2) phytoplasmas that cause diseases in grasses. The phytoplasmas of sugarcane cluster was further divided into two subgroups that are (i) the sugarcane white leaf (SCWL) and sugarcane grassy shoot (SCGS) and (ii) sugarcane green grassy shoot (SCGS). Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed those 48 sequences of phytoplasma from green leaf, partial or complete chlorosis symptom, matched exactly with sugarcane white leaf; SCWL (HQ917068.1) while 41 sequences that showed grassy shoot symptom with partial or complete chlorosis showed sequence variations. Of these, 37 sequences matched exactly with SCGS (AB243298.1) and 4 sequences shared 99% sequence similarity with SCWL and SCGS. While sequences of the 6 samples exhibiting nonchlorosis grassy shoot showed distinct nucleotide sequences from SCWL and SCG. This article is the first report to reveal the sequences of the green grassy shoot phytoplasma in sugarcane. These divisions based on 16S-23S ITS sequence data
can be utilized for further study in couple with other genes in phytoplasma genome for a better differentiation and identification of the phytoplasma associated with sugarcane disease in Thailan
Effect of organic materials and no-tillage system on soil chemical properties changed in paddy field
No full textThailand is a country located on the tropical agriculture. Natural soil fertility is low. Low
organic matter content. Due to the rapid degradation of the heat and humidity. Therefore,the concept adding of organic material and reduced tillage to improve soil properties for the better. The study on the effects of tillage systems on changes in soil chemical properties of rice. The experimental design was Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) 5 treatments. 1) tillage (control) 2) tillage with sunnhemp incorporation 3) tillage with rice straw incorporation 4) no tillage with sunn hemp mulching 5) no tillage with rice straw mulching. Soil samples were collected during the period, before transplant and 2 weeks after harvest. The soil reaction, electrical conductivity, organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus and exchangeable potassium were measured. The results found that after harvesting, the soil reaction was reduced in all treatments, ranging from moderately acid to very acid. Electrical conductivity is likely to be lower in every treatment, and stay in normal soil (< 2 dS m-1). Organic matter contents were increased in every treatment. Total N were increased with increasing organic
materials adding. Available phosphorus were increased in every treatment. They are very low concentration when compare to standard value. And exchangeable potassium was decrease in every treatment
Effects of nitrogen and water managements on yield and anthocyanin content of two local purple glutinous rice varieties
No full textApplication of Crotalaria juncia as green manure on yield, yield components and nitrogen content of Sangyod Phattalung rice
No full textThe research objectives were to investigate green manure species namely Crotalaria juncia
on yield, yield components and nitrogen content of rice cv. Sangyodphatthalung was conducted in
paddy soil condition of Phatthalung Soil Series. The experimental design was RCBD of which
consisted of 7 treatments by using different seed rates (kg rai-1) as compared to chemical fertilizer i.e.
0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 8-10-0 kg N-P2O5-K2O rai-1. The results of yield showed that significantly
different with different seed rates, the treatment of 15, 20, 25 kg rai-1 and CF gave similar highest
average yield (386.8, 388.9, 385.7, 409.5 kg rai-1 respectively) and highest average number of no. of
panicle hill-1, no. of spikelet panicle-1 and % of filled grain whereas the N content were found
significantly different only in rice straw
Increasing efficiency of rice seed production by using transplanting machine
No full textTransplanting machine is very importance in rice seed production, because it’s increasing the efficiency of rice seed production by decreasing former crop rice seed and workers. The purpose of study was researching on seedling medias, seed rates, kinds of nutrient for sprayed on seedling in concrete seed bed nursery, seedling ages, number of seedlings/clump, clump spacing and compare machine transplanting method with other planting methods for increasing yields and quality of rice seed with easy management. The results showed that burned hull was convenient for seedling media, because it was easy to find and low cost, but only used in soil seed bed nursery. For concrete seed nursery, mixing of burned hull with soil was better. The optimal seeding rate was 200–250 g dry seed/tray, caused to using 45 and 40 seeding trays/rai. by respectively. In concrete seed bed nursery, application of 15 g urea and 15 cc silicon solution (Si 20%). mixed in 20 L water need for increasing height and vigor seedling. 18 days seedling for transplanting had appropriate height for transplanting.
However for rice seed production, 10–12 seedlings/clump and 16 cm clump spacing was better in case
of former crop rice seed control. Weedy rice herbicide control with dimethenamid (FrontierR ) and
oxadiargyl (RaftR) in directed seed broadcasting could control former crop rice seed better than
transplanting, but highly limit using especially in area with water level uncontrollable and in rainy former crop rice seed better than transplanting machine but it required more labors and not rapidly like
transplanting machine, so transplanting was more efficiency
Influence of grinding abrasive surface stone on broken rice ratio and energy consumption in vertical abrasive whitener
No full textVertical abrasive whitener of the rice mill, capacity of 500 ton paddy rice per day, in the
northeastern of Thailand was used to study influence of grinding abrasive surface stone on broken rice ratio and energy consumption in vertical abrasive whitener. The results showed that when abrasive surface stone was grinded, the surface structure of stone was smoother and broken rice ratio could be reduced from 30% to 26% as well as energy consumption of abrasive whitener could be reduced 6%
Effect of alkali treatment on quality of cooked glutinous rice
No full textSeveral Thai traditional starch-based foods use alkali treatment to improve their quality and characteristics. However, limited information is available on how alkali changes the product quality. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effect of alkali treatment on appearance and texture of cooked glutinous rice. Glutinous rice kernels were soaked in 1N sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) for 24 h at room temperature. Sample soaked in water was used as a control. Cooked alkali treated glutinous rice had more yellow color and lower gelatinization temperature than the control. Moreover, they also had lower hardness and stickiness than the control (P< 0.05). KOH had more pronounce effect than Na2CO3. The knowledge gained from this study can be used to explain the changes of glutinous rice quality due to alkali treatment as well as to improve the quality of product made from glutinous rice
Alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of crude protein extrxcts from Thai rice seeds
No full textCrude protein extracts from Thai rice seeds were screened for α-amylase inhibitory activity. At least 5 rice seed extracts exhibited a potent α-amylase inhibitory activity with specific activity above 50% inhibition per μg protein. Those α-amylase inhibitory activities have no positive correlation with α-amylase activity in each rice sample. Denatured SDS-PAGE revealed major proteins bands with molecular mass around <20, 28 and 40 kDa. Anion-exchange column chromatographic profile of Q-Sepharose XL at buffer system of 8.5 showed the bound proteins contained α-amylase inhibitory activity. The results indicated that proteins with molecular mass around <20 kDa, pI> 8.5 and heat stable, might be responsible for α-amylase inhibitory activity in those Thai rice grains
Ecological engineering to reduce rice insect pests outbreaks
No full textEcological engineering is a new method for reducing rice insect pests outbreaks by planted a flora crops which have yellow or white flower, high nectar, food source and attract benefit insects into rice field to control rice insect pests. Experimental site was set at Chainat Rice Research Center in 2010 having two treatments: ecological engineering site (E-E, growing flora on the rice bund) versus control site (no flora on the rice bund). In E-E site, four growing flora crops were Tridax procumbens, Wedelia chinensis, Gourd (Luffa spp.) and Pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.). Number of pests and natural enemies were collected and found that E-E site had the number of pests and natural enemies more than control site in all sampling methods. Major pests, predators and parasitoids were Nilaparvata lugens, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis and Anagrus optabilis. Insect pests can move from the rice bund to rice field. Severe outbreak of brown planthopper occurred in both site, thus E-E site can be harvested only about 50% of the total area whereas control plot can’t be harvested. Therefore, E-E method can reduced pests outbreaks.การจัดการระบบนิเวศน์ (Ecological Engineering) ในนาข้าวเป็นวิธีการใหม่ในการลดการระบาดของแมลงศัตรูข้าว โดยการปลูกพืชรอบแปลงนาและตามคันนา ที่มีดอกสีเหลืองหรือสีขาว มีน้ำหวานมาก เป็นแหล่งอาหารและดึงดูดแมลงที่มีประโยชน์ให้เข้าสู่แปลงนา เพื่อควบคุมแมลงศัตรูข้าว ดำเนินการทดลองที่แปลงทดลองศูนย์วิจัยข้าวชัยนาทในปี 2553 จำนวน 2 แปลง ได้แก่ แปลงทดลองที่ปฏิบัติตามหลักวิธีการใหม่ด้านการจัดการระบบนิเวศน์ (E-E site) โดยการปลูกไม้ดอกและพืชผักจำนวน 4 ชนิด ได้แก่ ตีนตุ๊กแก กระดุมทอง บวบ และฟักทอง เก็บข้อมูลชนิดและจำนวนแมลงศัตรูข้าวและแมลงศัตรูธรรมชาติเปรียบเทียบกับ แปลงควบคุม (Control site) ที่ไม่ปลูกพืชไม้ดอก พบว่า ในแปลงนิเวศน์มีจำนวนแมลงศัตรูข้าวและแมลงศัตรูธรรมชาติมากกว่าในแปลงควบคุมในทุกวิธีการสุ่มเก็บข้อมูล และสามารถอพยพเคลื่อนย้ายเข้าสู่แปลงนาได้ในระยะไกล แมลงศัตรูข้าวที่พบมากที่สุด ได้แก่ เพลี้ยกระโดดสีน้ำตาล ตัวห้ำที่พบมากที่สุด ได้แก่ มวนเขียวดูดไข่ แตนเบียนที่พบมากที่สุด ได้แก่ แตนเบียนไข่เพลี้ยกระโดดสีน้ำตาล Anagrus optabilis เนื่องจากมีการระบาดของเพลี้ยกระโดดสีน้ำตาลอย่างรุนแรงทั้งสองแปลง แต่แปลงนิเวศน์สามารถเก็บเกี่ยวผลผลิตได้ประมาณ 50 เปอร์เซ็นต์ของพื้นที่ ส่วนแปลงควบคุมไม่สามารถเก็บเกี่ยวผลผลิตได้ ดังนั้นการจัดการระบบนิเวศน์ช่วยลดการระบาดของแมลงศัตรูข้าวได