Kasetsart University
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A study of ethanol’s transportation and distribution cost of Thailand’s fuel transporting operator using Activity Based-Costing method
No full textThailand has been used gasohol as an alternative energy for transportation. Gasohol is combination of ethanol and gasoline in various ratio. Trucks are used to transport ethanol for blending at refineries. So, the logistics costs are transportation and distribution. This study aims to find transportation and distribution cost of ethanol using
Activity Based Costing method. Two ethanol transporting and distributing operators are interviewed. It has been founded that both operators are transporting the ethanol 1,680,000 and 4,200,000 liters/month respectively. The activity cost of the first operator is 1,574,412 bath/month and the cost of ethanol transportation is 0.94 bath/liter. On the otherhand, the activity cost of the second operator is 5,949,266 bath/month and the cost of ethanol transportation is 1.42 bath/liter. Furthermore, it also has been found that the major cost of both operators as a result of the activity during transport and the cost of ethanol transportation on average is 1.28 bath/liter which account for 5.59% of ethanol price.
The results of analysis as a guide to the ethanol transporting and distributing operators to reduce transportation cost.
Keywords: Ethanol, Transportation, Distribution, The Activity Based-Costin
TSD: A database of sugarcane biological data collection and web-based computer software tools
No full textSugarcane is an economic important crop of Thailand. Physiology, genetics and molecular biology of sugarcane are of our interest. A wealth of data has been produced by both computational-based and chemical reagent-based experimental works such as EST-derived SSR markers, EST-derived SNP markers, protein markers
identified by 2D-gel and LC-MS. These diverse data would be integrated to describe the meaningful relationships in biological processes of sugarcane. To achieve this goal, a bioinformatic system for sugarcane biology database has been established namely Thai sugarcane database (TSD). A section of TSD database collecting EST-derived SSR markers and EST-derived SNP markers is presented in this article. Another feature, web-based application is equipped with TSD database allowing querying of TSD database and several links. This feature guarantees a high
integration with other public database such as GenBank. Bioinformatic system combining the database and web-based applications are therefore valuable tool for the analysis of the increasing quantities of biological data resulting from chemical reagent laboratory works of our group. It will also guide us to design future computational-based and chemical reagent-based experimental works and gain more in-depth knowledge of sugarcane biology
Programmed cell death in the process of cells sugarcane white leaves disease
No full textWhite leaf disease of sugarcane, which is more damage to economic crops in Thailand. It is infectedby phytoplasma pathogenic and transmitted plant by leafhoppers vector. There are several symptoms that indicate the white colour, white-green and yellow leaf etc. The symptoms are affecting to sugarcane growth and yield vary according to the intensity of the symptoms. The most severe were effect on the death and no yield. There is no way the get rid phytoplasma and no disease-resistant varieties. This research leads to understand the mechanism of the effect of phytoplasma to damage sucarcane in the expression of the white leaf disease symptoms. Application for renewal of the sugarcane is the serious disease that can survive until the yield. Processes of programmed cell death in sugarcane different white leaf disease infected symptoms were studied. Anatomical changes among white leaf, white-green, yellow and green leaf sugarcane were explored through cell cross section using light microscopy. Cellular ultrastructure was examined by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The study showed that had vascular bundle cell, mesophyll and parenchyma layers of white leaf were collapsed. Under TEM studied, white-green, yellow and green leaf showed enlarged vacuole, condensed chromatin and broken nuclear envelope and in green leaf disorganized mitochondria was found. Finally, enlarged chloroplasts, declined grana and starch granules, accumulation and collapsed phloem have been found associated with symptom development of the disease
The use of Trichoderma pellet formulation for reducing dirty panicle disease and increasing yield of rice var. Chai Nat 1 in non chemical pesticides using fields
No full textPellet formulation bioproduct of Trichoderma harzianum 01-52 were evaluated for the
efficacy to reduce dirty panicle disease and to increase the yield of rice in non- chemical pesticides using fields in Kanchanaburi province, compared with the Trichoderma untreated control. Rice seeds (Chai Nat 1) were soaked in spore suspension of T. harzianum 01-52 (100 g/100 l) for 24 hrs. The soaked seeds were incubated for another 24 hrs before sowing in the rice field. Rice plants were
sprayed with Trichoderma spore suspension (100 g/100 l/rai or 1,600 m2) at 40, 60 and 80 days after sowing. In some treatment, Trichoderma pellets were also used in combination with chemical fertilizer for broadcasting at the rate 10 kg/rai (or 1,600 m2). The results indicated that all Trichoderma treatments increased rice yield weight (g/m2) by 12.55-22.51%. The weight of 1,000-seeds was increased by 1.26-4.93%, whereas percentages of healthy seeds (whole kernels) were increased by
0.68-10.62%. Dirty panicle infected seeds and undeveloped seeds were reduced by 41.38-51.02 and 4.43-23.37% as compared to the control. After milling, the weights of brown rice derived from paddy harvested from Trichoderma applied field were increased by 5.63-13.24% when compared with the untreated control
Reliability and evaluation of the potential of the i_EPIC model to estimate rice yield in Thailand
No full textInteractive EnvironmentalPolicy Impact Calculator (i_EPIC) model is an important tool
for future agriculture and food security in Thailand. Its application requires both the identification of errors and the assessment of reliability and potential of the i_EPIC model and GIS technique in simulating rice yields. Rice yields estimated by EPIC (version 0509) were compared with agricultural statistics reports from Thailand’s Office of Agricultural Economics (OAE), Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC). Validation of rice yield data proved to be satisfactory: the mean relative
error (MRE %) for major rice (rainy season) being 11.77, mean absolute error (MAE %) 1.22 and root mean square error (RMSE %) 43.06. The corresponding errors for second rice (dry season) were 10.44, 26.01 and 34.91, respectively. Our results show that overall model reliability, with model efficiency (EF%), is 98% for major rice and 97% for second rice, indicating that i-EPIC model performance is reliable for estimating rice yields in Thailand. To improve data accuracy for other variables such as soil, weather and crop information is needed
Evaluation of electrolyte leakage and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of sugarcane leaves under water-deficit stress conditions
No full textWater-deficit stress is a major abiotic stress that causes severe limitations on the productivity of sugarcane. To overcome of this problem, drought tolerance sugarcane cultivars should be developed and selected for planting. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the variation of electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of sugarcane leaves under water-deficit stress conditions. The greenhouse experiment was conducted using two water regimes as the first factor [(i) well-watered and (ii) stressed at 90 to 100 days after planting (DAP) and recovery 100 to 110 DAP] and 10 sugarcane cultivars (Uthong 6, Khon Kaen 80, Khon Kaen 3, K86-161, 03-4-425, KU60-1, B34-164, Phill 66-07, Uthong 2 and LF82-2122) as the second factor. A 2 × 10 factorial experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with two replications. After that the measurement of relative water content (RWC), EL and MDA were performed. The results showed that water-deficit stress significantly reduced RWC, while the percentage of EL was increased. The genotypes K86-161 and Khon Kaen 3 exhibited lower EL. Thismeans that both genotypes had higher membrane stability under water-deficit stress and also imparted water stress tolerance in K86-161 and Khon Kaen 3. The results for MDA showed that water-deficit stress did not significantly affect the level of MDA
Effects of climate change on sugarcane production in northeast of Thailand: A case study in Kalasin province
No full textClimate change can directly affect crop production due to the increases of CO2 and temperature, and indirectly via weather variability especially rainfall. Sugarcane is important crop for Thailand, and large proportion are planted in Northeast of Thailand. Therefore this investigation is conducted to evaluate the impacts of climate change on yield of sugarcane in this region from 2010 to 2049, using ECHAM weather data downscale to 20x20 km by PRECIS as input to CANEGRO crop model in DSSAT program. Results showed that climate change has small
effect on long term changes in sugarcane production. However average yield is highly variable, both spatially and temporally. Spatial variability is largely due to both soil and weather while temporal variability is due to variation in rainfall. Adaptation to minimize yield variation for sugarcane would need the development of irrigation, drought tolerant varieties with higher water use efficiencyการเปลี่ยนแปลงของอากาศมีผลกระทบโดยตรงต่อการผลิตพืชเนื่องจากการเพิ่มขึ้นของคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์และอุณหภูมิ และส่งผลกระทบทางอ้อมต่อความแปรปรวนของสภาพภูมิอากาศโดยเฉพาะปริมาณน้ำฝน อ้อยซึ่งถือเป็นพืชเศรษฐกิจที่สำคัญของประเทศและมีพื้นที่ปลูกมากในภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ จึงได้ประเมินผลกระทบของการเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพภูมิอากาศต่อผลผลิตอ้อยในพื้นที่ จากปี 2553-2592 ใช้ข้อมูลภูมิอากาศรายวันในอนาคตจากแบบจำลองภูมิอากาศโลก ECHAM และประเมินภูมิอากาศในระดับภูมิภาคโดยแบบจำลอง PRECIS ที่มีรายละเอียด
เชิงพื้นที่ของการประเมิน 20x20 กิโลเมตร เป็นตัวป้อนของแบบจำลองอ้อยในโปรแกรม DSSAT ผลการทดลองพบว่าการเปลี่ยนแปลงของสภาพภูมิอากาศมีผลกระทบต่อการผลิตอ้อยในระยะยาวเพียงเล็กน้อย อย่างไรก็ตามค่าเฉลี่ยของผลผลิตมีความแปรปรวนสูงทั้งเชิงพื้นที่และเชิงเวลา ความแปรปรวนเชิงพื้นที่เกิดขึ้นจากความหลากหลายของชุดดินและสภาพภูมิอากาศ ขณะที่ความแปรปรวนเชิงเวลาเกิดจากความแปรปรวนของปริมาณน้ำฝน แนวทางการลดความแปรปรวนของผลผลิตอ้อยทำได้โดยการพัฒนาการระบบการให้น้ำให้เพียงพอตลอดฤดูปลูก การคัดเลือกหาพันธุ์ทนแล้งหรือมีประสิทธิภาพการใช้น้ำสู
Mechanization and labor productivity in rice production of Thailand
No full textThis study reviews the situation of farm mechanization in rice production. Factors affecting labor productivity in rice production, both first and second cropping seasons in 2010/2011, was analyzed using quantile regression and ordinary least square models. The results reveal that increasing farm size would increase labor productivity in both first and second cropping seasons while laborsaving technology would increase labor productivity only in the first cropping season. Thus, increasing farm size, investment in research and development of labor-saving technology, and supporting the appropriate use of labor-saving technology will improve labor productivity in a labor
shortage situation