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Prljuša, Mali Šturac: istraživanje u 2020. godini.
Get PDFVišegodišnja arheološka istraživanja lokaliteta Prljuša-Mali Šturac1, pokazala su da se na ovoj strmoj, goloj i nadaleko uočljivoj padini planine Rudnik nalazi jedan od najvećih i najbogatijih lokaliteta rudarskog karaktera u jugoistočnoj Evropi, na kome je u periodu od eneolita do bronzanog doba vršena eksploatacija malahita. Iskopavanja su od 2013. godine bila fokusirana na površinske rudarske radove na centralnom delu padine (okna 4 i 6; Antonović et al. 2014; Antonović 2017), dok je 2014. godine fokus pomeren na vrh padine, i na, kako se kasnijim istraživanjima ispostavilo, impozantno okno Objekat 1 (Antonović, Dimić 2017; Antonović et al. 2018, 2019, Antonović et al. 2021a, 2021b). Višegodišnja i kontiuirana istraživanja ove celine i otkrića više galerija u nizu, hodnika, ulaza, tragova paljevine, udaranja i razbijanja na steni itd., doprinela su da saznanja o načinu praistorijske eksploatacije bakarne rude na ovoj lokaciji budu potpunija. Godine 2019. započeto je i uređenje prostora oko Objekta 1, sa ciljem da se ovaj rudarski kompleks prezentuje široj javnosti i na taj način podstakne postepeno stvaranje svojevrsnog muzeja na otvorenom kakvih samo nekoliko postoji u Evropi (sl. 1) (Антоновић et al. 2020).2 Kako se tokom prethodnih istraživanja iskop širio od istoka ka zapadu, prateći i širenje samog okna, njegova severna granica ostala je neistražena, a ogromna količina zemlje i kamenja u tom pojasu je pretila da se obruši u otkrivene galerije predviđene za prezentaciju. Zato su arheološki radovi iz 2019, a potom i 2020. godine3 (sl. 2) imali sistematsko-zaštitni karakter, pri čemu je fokus stavljen na otkrivanje, definisanje i stabilizovanje severne granice okna Objekat 1, čime bi istraživanje ovog okna kao celine bilo zaokruženo, nanos zemlje i kamenja uklonjen, a sam iskop uređen i osiguran.U: Selena Vitezović, Milica Radišić, Đurđa Obradović (ur.) Arheologija u Srbiji: projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2020. godini. Beograd, Arheološki institut, str. 29-42. (ISBN 978-86-6439-086-6
Bone spatula – ruler from Naissus
Get PDFThe paper deals with a technological-typological analysis of the finding of a bone spatula – ruler, discovered in a closed unit from the first half of the 2nd century CE in the suburbium of Naissus – Niš (the site of Trg Oslobođenja). It was made of a flat segment of a larger rib of a large mammal, most probably cattle (Bos taurus). The processing technology used and the choice of raw material (Bos bone) represent common traits of bone items production in the Roman period. The registered use-wear traces indicate that the item was most probably used as a spatula to flatten the wax on writing tablets (tabulae ceratae)
Прелиминарни резултати археоботаничке анализе са праисторијских налазишта Лађариште и Дивље поље
Get PDFИстраживања локалитета Лађариште (Врњачка Бања) и Дивље поље (Краљево) су подстакнута изградњом Моравског коридора, те су током 2021. и 2022. године организована обимна заштитна ископавања. Реч је о два приближно истовремена налазишта, насељена прво у каснонеолитском периоду, а потом крајем гвозденог доба. Оба налазишта су истраживана у мањем обиму крајем XX века, али до сада нису вршена археоботаничка испитивања.
За археоботаничку анализу је укупно издвојено c. 100 узорака, односно око 1,1 t земље. Због велике површине предвиђене за ископавања, узорковање је било селективно и фокус је био на јасно дефинисаним целинама и објектима (јаме, куће, пећи). Густина биљних остатака у до сада обрађеном подузорку је релативно мала, са изузетком контекста једне винчанске јаме (Дивље поље) где је пронађена концентрација коштица и плодова дрењине. Уочена је и разлика у спектру гајених врста између две фазе насељавања; у касном неолиту су пронађени остаци пшенице и јечма, док се у млађем гвозденом добу поред њих јавља и просо. У узорцима је забележено и присуство дивљих врста – остатака сакупљаних дивљих јестивих биљка али и коровско-рудералне флоре.
Имајући у виду повољан положај ових налазишта, на плодним речним терасама Западне Мораве, земљорадња је сигурно имала значајну улогу у економији праисторијских становника Лађаришта и Дивљег поља. Ово подржава и присуство бројних жрвњева и растирача коришћених у процесу обраде житарица. Археоботаничка истраживања ће допринети расветљавању улоге биљака у исхрани и економији праисторијских становника ових насеља, али и разумевању процеса обраде и припреме биљне хране
Reverse motives with military insignia of Nicaea coinage. Finds from the Territory of present-day Serbia
Get PDFThe coins of Bithynia’s provincial mint of Nicaea have been found in great numbers on the territory of the Danubian provinces, especially on Moesia Superior, from the 3rd and the 4th decade of the 3rd century. Researching these finds from the territory of present-day Serbia, a large part of which corresponds with the Roman province of Moesia Superior, greatly contributes to gaining knowledge about the methods of monetary circulation between the Asia Minor and Balkan provinces. On the other hand, classification of the reverse types with military insignia, which are a dominant motif in issues of Severus Alexander and Gordian III from Nicaea’s mint, will help with the formation of a new iconography typology. This typology is based on the reverse motifs known so far (89) and considering the appearance dynamics of new details, we expect many more varieties to emerge.Series: Polymnia: Numismatica antica e medievale. Studi No. 1
Ancient chicken remains reveal the origins of virulence in Marek’s disease virus
No full textThe pronounced growth in livestock populations since the 1950s has altered the epidemiological and evolutionary trajectory of their associated pathogens. For example, Marek’s disease virus (MDV), which causes lymphoid tumors in chickens, has experienced a marked increase in virulence over the past century. Today, MDV infections kill >90% of unvaccinated birds, and controlling it costs more than US$1 billion annually. By sequencing MDV genomes derived from archeological chickens, we demonstrate that it has been circulating for at least 1000 years. We functionally tested the Meq oncogene, one of 49 viral genes positively selected in modern strains, demonstrating that ancient MDV was likely incapable of driving tumor formation. Our results demonstrate the power of ancient DNA approaches to trace the molecular basis of virulence in economically relevant pathogens
Koštani i kameni predmeti u praistoriji centralnog Balkana: doprinos Dragoslava Srejovića za njihovo sistematsko izučavanje
Get PDFDragoslav Srejović bio je svestrani proučavalac praistorije na tlu Balkana i njegov opus zahvata brojne teme i aktuelna pitanja praistorijske arheologije. Bavio se periodima od paleolita do gvozdenog doba, i raznolikim temama, među koje spadaju problemi relativne i apsolutne hronologije, procesi neolitizacije, kao i različiti aspekti ritualnog života praistorijskih zajednica – praistorijske, posebno neolitske figurine, njihov značaj, uloga i simbolička vrednost, pogrebni obredi, i drugo. Nešto je manje primetan njegov doprinos analizama različitih vidova praistorijskih artefakata. Međutim, njegov rad na proučavanju predmeta od kamenih i koštanih sirovina, mada čini manji udeo u njegovom opusu, veoma je značajan za praistorijsku arheologiju u Srbiji. Naime, zajedno sa Borislavom Jovanovićem, Dragoslav Srejović je pedesetih godina 20. veka objavio članke posvećene upravo ovim temama, koštanim i kamenim predmetima sa lokaliteta Vinča – Belo Brdo. Mada su u pitanju kratki radovi, oni su od izuzetne važnosti kao prvi radovi posvećeni isključivo ovim pitanjima. U ovom radu će biti dat pregled rada D. Srejovića na proučavanju koštanih i kamenih predmeta i biće dat kritički osvrt na njegov dopirnos za sistematsko proučavanje ovih vidova materijalne kulture
Reconstruction of the archaeological grid layout in the area of the forum of Municipium DD
Get PDFMany years of neglect of certain antique sites in our region can often cause not only their deterioration in the field, but also the misplacing of important parts of documentation linked to their archaeological research. Due to already familiar historical, war-related and political circumstances in the area of Kosovo and Metohija, studies of results of previously conducted archaeological research activities on certain sites are often limited due to the absence or incompleteness of parts of the documentation. Such is the case with the antique site of Municipium DD in the area of today’s Sočanica. On the basis of the preserved part of the documentation (mainly, archaeological journals), we had the possibility of forming a better interpretation of the circumstances in which certain find were discovered. However, the absence of a part of the technical documentation (plans and drawings) prevented us from gaining, in a well-founded manner, an understanding of the archaeological context as a whole from the very start. One of the largest problems was the lack of a grid layout, according to which the research was organised, and which obviously existed, as can be seen from the archaeological journals. In order to gain a better understanding of the archaeological context, it was necessary to reconstructs its position in the area of the forum of Municipium DD.Poznate istorijske, ratne i političke okolnosti doprinele su da ostaci Municipijuma DD, jednog
od antičkih naselja na prostoru severa Kosova i Metohije, budu zanemareni duže vremena, što je praćeno i nedostatkom određenog dela dokumentacije sa istraživanja. Ovakav problem vodi
ka neminovnom nerazumevanju arheološkog konteksta u kome se došlo do pronalaska određenih
arheoloških nalaza. Najveći problem po pitanju ovog lokaliteta odnosio se na nedostatak kvadratne mreže, prema kojoj su arheološka istraživanja bila organizovana, a koja je prema sačuvanim arheološkim dnevnicima očigledno postojala. Kako bi se mnogo bolje razumeo arheološki kontekst, neophodno je bilo restituisati njene pravce na prostoru foruma Municipijuma DD.
Našom analizom razjašnjeno je i u kom vremenskom periodu su izvedene pojedine sonde. Tumačenje hronologije iskopavanja doprineće i preciznijem tumačenju mesta na kome su pronađeni pojedini arheološki nalazi i arhitektonski ostaci, kako u toku celog procesa istraživanja, tako i tokom samo jedne kampanje u kalendarskoj godini
Preserving the Danube Limes in Serbia: A Review on the Biodeterioration of Trajan’s Bridge
Get PDFOne of the most significant monuments of the Roman Danube Limes is Trajan's Bridge, built in the period from 103 to 105 AD. The remains of the pillars on the Serbian bank of the Danube were partially restored four decades ago. Today, the pillar that is closest to the river, which has not undergone conservation, is subject to different types of deterioration. During the comparison between the present condition of the pillar and those recorded in photos over the last six decades, we can estimate that its level of material loss has not overly changed. However, the difference in biological growth is visible. The primary aim of this study was to record the degree of the infestation and endangerment of the monument and check for possible risks for future mortar deterioration where mortar is in direct contact with severely infested bricks. Moreover, a characterisation of the biodeteriogens was performed. Special emphasis was given to fungi as the main agents of deterioration. A precise assessment of the level of risk they pose to this monument was made as a basis for the formulation and implementation of appropriate conservation treatments. Severe macrofouling by epilithic lichenised fungi and mosses was documented. Even in areas where pillars lack visible infestation, thriving microbial communities characterized by the presence of various fungal structures, as well as structures of trichal Cyanobacteria, and Chlorophyta were recorded. Similarities between communities documented on brick, mortar, and stone surfaces estimated via Sørensen’s quotient of similarity, were high, with the highest similarity documented between mortar and stone
The chronological frame of Bubanj-Hum I group and the Cultural and chronological position of its sites within the Timok Valley
Get PDFThe purpose of the article is to determine the cultural-chronological relations between the Early Eneolithic sites in Timočka Krajina and the sites of the BSK complex in other regions of the central Balkans by using new absolute dates and the analysis of stylistic and typological elements of pottery finds from the Timočka Krajina, with a focus on the site of Kmpije in Bor
The newest metal findings from the Early Eneolitic house in South-eastern Serbia
Get PDFVelika Humska Čuka is a multi-layered archaeological site near Niš in South-eastern Serbia that was inhabited from the middle of the 5th millennium BC to the 5th century AD. During excavations in 2022, a set of 22 bronze objects was found in a shallow pit dug into the remains of an Early Eneolithic house