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The shift to 3D education in mechanical engineering: Adapting to generation Z visualization needs
No full textThe generational shift toward digital environments has significantly impacted how students
in mechanical engineering education interpret technical representations. This
study investigates the challenges students from Generation Z face when working with
traditional 2D technical drawings, revealing a growing comprehension gap. A novel textbook
with 3D interactive models was introduced, with students accessing these models
via QR codes embedded in the textbook. The 3D models, viewable on mobile devices,
allow for rotation, zooming, and cross-sectional analyses, providing an immersive learning
experience. The study involved students, from each undergraduate academic year,
who were tasked with solving comprehension exercises using both 2D and 3D methods.
Results indicated that students demonstrated significantly higher accuracy and confidence
when using 3D models, with the most pronounced improvements observed
among first-year students. Furthermore, time efficiency and engagement levels were
substantially better when 3D tools were employed. These findings underscore the
need for a paradigm shift in engineering education, moving toward integrating 3D technologies
alongside traditional methods. By aligning teaching strategies with students’ cognitive
preferences, educators can bridge the comprehension gap, enhance learning
outcomes, and better prepare graduates for modern engineering practices. The study
advocates widespread adoption of 3D tools, emphasizing their role in creating an
engaging and effective educational environment
Vision-Based Robot System for Object Manipulation
No full textThe paper presents a robotic system for object manipulation based on information obtained from a camera. The developed system enables the differentiation of four classes of objects with regular geometric shapes. To achieve that, a semantic segmentation model was trained using a set of images of objects in different positions. An algorithm for objects’ position and orientation determination was developed so objects can be placed in arbitrary positions and orientations within the camera’s field of view. The developed algorithms ensure the necessary information for automatic robot programming for moving the objects to desired poses. To prove the proposed concept on the 4-axis SCARA robot equipped with a vacuum gripper for object grasping, a camera calibration procedure was per-formed and necessary coordinate transformations were obtained. The verification of the developed system was conducted through several experiments. The experiments showed good reliability of the trained model for objects’ classification and accurate positioning of the robot end-effector above the objects.contract No. 451-03-137/2025-03/20010
LOW-AMPLITUDE ACOUSTIC MODULATION AS A TOOL FOR CONTROLLING THE VORTEX STRUCTURES OF THE TURBULENT AXISYMMETRIC AIR JET
No full textThe roll-up of vortex structures in turbulent jets
can be influenced by low-amplitude modulations of
the nozzle exit velocity. These modulations can be
generated either by external low-amplitude
oscillations or by self-sustaining oscillations
inherent to the operation of specially designed
whistler nozzles. The aim of the experimental
investigations, mathematical modeling, and
numerical simulations carried out as part of the
project evaluation was to thoroughly investigate the
characteristics and vortex dynamics of acoustically
modulated and non-modulated nozzles. A major
focus was on identifying effective methods to control
vortex structures, as these play an important role in
improving heat transfer processes.
This paper presents the results of mathematical
modeling and numerical simulations of free and
impinging turbulent axisymmetric air jets, both
unmodulated and modified by low-amplitude
oscillations. The modeling results showed strong
agreement with experimental findings confirming
the ability to manipulate vortex structures in the jet
by acoustically modulating the nozzle exit velocity.
This study provides a basis for the development and
optimization of technological processes using air
jets, particularly in applications where improved heat
transfer is critical.Grant no. 451- 03-66/2024-03/200017 («Vinča» Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade
Impact properties of FDM-grade PLA polymer relative to infill density
No full textThis research paper focuses on the influence of infill density on the impact properties of FDM-grade PLA material, i.e., how impact properties degrade with lower infill percentages. Most FDM machines' infill density can vary between 10 % and 100 %. Here, we include the full infill density spectrum with an increment of 10 % (10 specimen groups). The authors’ previous research findings show the benefits of smaller layer heights regarding repeatability of results and impact strength values. Thus, the employed layer thickness here is 0.1 mm, the lowest resolution for most FDM machines. Tests were conducted at room temperature and a controlled humidity level of around 50 % on the Charpy instrumented pendulum.contract No.451-03-136/2025-03/200213 (from February 4, 2025)
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS ADDRESSING CHALLENGES IN APPLIED MECHANICS THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS
No full textPREFACE
It is our great honor and pleasure to welcome you to the 650th EUROMECH Colloquium, entitled "Addressing Challenges in Applied Mechanics through Artificial Intelligence Applications", held in Belgrade, Serbia, from August 27 to 29, 2025.
This Colloquium marks a significant milestone, the first-ever EUROMECH event organized in our region and as such, represents a unique opportunity to set the stage for future scientific developments at the intersection of applied mechanics and artificial intelligence. The Colloquium brings together distinguished experts and early-career researchers from over fifteen countries, including Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, China, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, North Macedonia, Poland, Slovenia, the United Kingdom, the United States and others. This international participation fosters a vibrant and collaborative atmosphere for scientific exchange and innovation.
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CFD INVESTIGATION OF TURBULENT WATER FLOW IN A PIPE ELBOW: ASSESSMENT OF CAVITATION RISK
No full textIn this study, turbulent water flow in a DN65 pipe elbow was analysed at high Reynolds numbers
using the OpenFOAM software with a two-dimensional model. The research aims to determine the critical mean inlet velocity of the fluid—water that leads to a pressure drop below the saturation pressure and the onset of vapour phase formation, i.e., cavitation. Although such elbows in practice usually operate at lower flow rates, corresponding to fluid velocities that do not reach cavitation conditions, here the limiting conditions were examined for potential non-standard applications involving extremely high flow rates resulting in large velocities. After developing the turbulent flow model, the visualisation was performed in ParaView, and the data were subsequently processed in Python, where the cavitation zone areas were calculated.Ugovor: 451-03-137/2025-03/ 20010
Thermal imaging spectrometry and thermographic snapshots for three building blocks of different ages
No full textThermograms and their interpretation are a very customary routine in finding building
construction flaws. Infrared thermography has been used in building diagnostics for
approximately four decades now. These hand-held instruments dated from the 1800th
year, but their successive use started in the 1990s. In this manuscript, three differently
aged building blocks, (one from 1974th, the other from 2000th, and up-last from 2019th
year) were thermographically monitored and analyzed. For the thermographic
surveillance of these three differently aged building blocks, was used a Chinese-branded
thermal imaging camera, Guide D384A. The thermodynamic assessments of the
thermograms were done and according to the building’s physics postulates, analytical
interpretations were made. Each building type had a resume of conclusions regarding the
construction drawbacks and quality of the construction. The relationship between the
architectural form of the building and the typology of thermograms was established. As
an appendix to this manuscript served the quantitative allegations of heat radiation.BOOK OF ABSTRACT
Sustainable development and circular economy supported by artificial intelligence tools
No full textThis paper researches how artificial intelligence (AI) can support sustainable
development and the circular economy. It focuses on the use of AI tools in resource
optimization, waste reduction, and improving manufacturing processes in line with the
principles of the circular economy. The aim is to demonstrate how AI can contribute to
sustainable practices across industries, from agriculture to manufacturing and recycling,
enabling economies that minimize environmental impact. The study analyzes current AI
technologies such as machine learning, deep learning, and data-driven optimization, and
their application in resource consumption pattern recognition, product lifecycle
prediction, and recycling improvements. While AI offers significant potential, the paper
also discusses challenges such as high implementation costs, the need for training, and
ethical concerns regarding data usage. The conclusion of the study emphasizes the need
for an integrated approach in AI tool implementation, with special attention to the social,
economic, and environmental aspects of sustainable development
IMPORTANCE OF AN AUTOMATIC BEE COUNTER AT THE BEEHIVE ENTRANCE
No full textThe technology of using honey bees in modern agriculture is constantly
developing. Man assisted honey bees have an important role in pollination of cultivated
and wild plant species, positively affecting quantity and quality of food and feed. Direct
bee products such as honey, collected pollen and bee bread, have a special place in human
nutrition due to their functional food properties. This beneficial insect is exposed to various
negative influences such as improper use of pesticides in agriculture, various diseases, food
shortages, and temperature fluctuations, causing weakening of bee colonies and often
complete death. Monitoring and reaction time of beekeepers in case of negative events for
the bee colony is of key importance for the survival of the colonies. Advances in technology
have led to different ways of automatically monitoring the activities of forager bees at
the entrance to the hive, such as video recording and image recognition, radio frequency
identification tags for marking and tracking bees, or opto-electric sensors that monitor
the entry and exit of bees. Automatic bee counters at the hive entrance collect the data
on worker bee traffic in real time without disturbing them. Interpretation of the results
indicates foraging activity of the bees, strength of the colony, swarming or other changes in
the bee behavior. Use of automatic counters helps the breeder to monitor bee colonies at a
distance and develop precision beekeeping.contract registration number: 451-03-137/2025-03/20010
Optimal Methodology for Designing and Testing Multicopter Arm Made of Composite Materials
No full textThe modern unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) industry relies heavily on structures made of composite materials. This study focuses on designing the structure of a military-grade multicopter. This type of UAV must meet rigorous standards to prevent risks of damage or even catastrophic failure during missions. One of the most challenging parts for design is the multicopter arm since it is exposed to high-magnitude forces during flight. Understanding these forces and how to withstand them is of crucial importance for good arm design. In this research, where the goal was to define the optimal methodology of arm design, it was necessary to conduct a static propulsion test to determine maximum force acting on the arm. Then, the arm design was validated using the finite element method (FEM) in combination with static experiments held on a specially created test stand. Finally, the production process, as one of the most demanding aspects of designing the arm, was carefully planned and defined, as it required not only selecting the appropriate materials but also mastering the technologies for high-quality arm manufacture