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Bank Portfolio Structure and Absorption Theory of Economic Development: A Theoretical Proposition
Get PDFThe focus of this article was on theoretical proposition of Bank Portfolio Structure and Economic Absorption Theory of economic development. Specifically, this work sought to establish the basis of bank portfolio rigidity and to identify the causes of economic absorption problems and their implications on economic development. The theoretical and conceptual research designs were used. Existing literatures were reviewed using archival retrieval approach, library search and internet exploration. The information obtained was judgmentally, logically and qualitatively analyzed. It was discovered among other aspects, that, bank portfolio rigidity stems from
regulatory policy defects using inconsistent monetary policy tools such as high liquidity ratio and cash ratio, etc. and compelling the banks to adhere to the regulatory requirement, as well as lack of adequate and quality stock of infrastructure and technology as the basic causes of economic absorption problems. Above all, low level of economic absorption has been discovered to hinder effective contributions of banks to economic development. Following from above, it was
therefore recommended that regulatory tools used by Central Banks should be aligned with the development needs of the economy and the direction of governments. The monetary policy tools such as liquidity and cash ratios should also be moderated and stabilized for stable bank portfolio performance as well as aggressive improvement in the stock and quality of infrastructure and technology within an economy. With the new theory, it is expected that policy formulations and adjustments
concerning bank portfolio structure and management would be designed with adequate flexibility and focus on long term loans and investments coupled with improved stock and quality of infrastructure to enhance economic development. This theory therefore provides another frontier of research on bank portfolio structure and contributions to economic development.
Keywords: Bank portfolio structure, Structural rigidity, Economic absorption, Economic developmen
Same old story: On non-use and resistance to the telephone and social media
No full textThe growing resistance to social media is not a unique story. The telephone, which today is embraced almost completely, was a matter of concern for many. Most people that resisted the phone had privacy concerns and seemed to have intuited the breakdown between distinct spaces like established private space and public space as a threat to psychological integrity. By zooming in on the particular concerns people had at the dawn of the telephone's birth and its early development new light can be shed on the
contemporary discussion surrounding social media today
Efficacy of selected herbicides on weed control, cowpea (Vigna Uniguiculata L. Walp) performance and economic returns in Akamkpa, southeastern Nigeria
Get PDFA two year (2007 and 2008) field trial was conducted in Akamkpa Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria to evaluate the effects of selected herbicides on weed control, cowpea (Vigna uniguiculata (L.) Walp) performance and economic returns to management. A randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement was used and replicated three times. The main treatments were three cowpea varieties: Sampea 7(IAR-48), Sampea 4(IAR-176) and IT.4532-1, while the sub treatments were five herbicides: atrazine, diuron, galex, glyphosate, primextra, and all applied pre – emergence (a day after sowing) at 2.0kg.ai/ha and control ((manually weeded and no herbicide application). Results showed that cowpea establishment did not differ significantly among cowpea varieties whereas herbicide type significantly (P IT.4532-1(2.55 tha-1) > Sampea 4 (2.28 tha-1). In contrast, grain yield differed significantly (P<0.05) among herbicide types irrespective of the cowpea varieties though no clear trend was exhibited. Averaged across both years indicated that Galex (3.42 tha-1) promoted grain production in Sampea 7 variety plot followed by Glyphosate (3.13 tha-1) and control (2.56 tha-1).In IT.4532-1 plot, glyphosate recorded the highest grain yield (3.20 tha-1) followed by Galex (3.11 tha-1) and the control (2.35 tha-1). The interaction effects between the cowpea varieties and the herbicide types on grain yield was significant (P<0.05) with Glyphosate, Galex and control highly favoured. The highest economic return (N 999,051.80) to management was obtained from Sampea 7(IAR-48) and was followed by IT.4532-1. This implies that Galex would be more effective in controlling weeds in cowpea plot followed by glyphosate particularly if Sampea 7(IAR-48) and IT.4532-1 varieties are planted.
Keywords: Herbicides, weed control, cowpea performance, economic returns, Nigeri
Chaotic home climate and antisocial behavior among secondary school adolescents in Aba Education Zone, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study examined the influence of chaotic home climate on the social behaviour of adolescents in Aba Education Zone, Nigeria. The author selected sibling rivalry and parental infighting as independent variables for study. Two research questions and two null hypotheses were formed to guide the study. The study adopted the ex-post facto survey design and collected data from a random sample of 1400 adolescents in the study area. Data for the study was collected with the Domestic Abuse and Antisocial Behaviour Questionnaire with a Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of .862. The instrument was designed to generate responses on a 4-point scale of strongly agree to strongly disagree. Analyses of data collected in the study show that adolescents who experienced higher incidents of sibling rivalry at home recorded higher mean scores on the antisocial behaviour scale that their peers who experienced minimal sibling rivalry. It is further shown that adolescents whose parents fought frequently also recorded higher antisocial behaviour mean scores. Thus this study found that both sibling rivalry and parental infighting significantly influenced antisocial behaviour among secondary school adolescents in Aba Education Zone. Recommendations were thus advanced to assist curtail the effect of chaotic home climate on adolescent student behaviour
Use of ICT facilities for teaching library and information science courses at the University of Uyo, Nigeria
Get PDFThis article investigated availability and functionality of ICT facilities and its utilization in the teaching of Library and Information Science (LIS) students in the University of Uyo. The study adopted a survey design and was guided by four objectives, four research questions, and two hypotheses. The population of the study comprised all 48 final year students in the LIS unit of the departments of Educational Technology and Library Science, University of Uyo and the students were purposively sampled for the study. A structured questionnaire and a checklist constituted the instruments for data collection. The data obtained were analyzed using Mean and Standard Deviation to answer research questions while t-test, Analysis of Variance and Simple Regression Analysis were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significant. The result revealed that there is a significant influence of availability and functionality on the use of ICT facilities in teaching LIS courses in the University of Uyo library school and concluded that the availability and functionality of ICT facilities enhance usage for the teaching of LIS students. It also recommended proper funding of library schools.
Keywords: ICT facilities, functionality, utilization, library and information science, students, uy
Comparative Measure of Income Volatility of Farm Households in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria: GARCH - CV Approach
Get PDFThe study measured income volatility of farming households in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, using GARCH and Coefficient of variation approach. Farming household’s socioeconomic conditions were assessed. Ninety (90) farming households were sampled from Uyo zone of Agricultural Development Programme (AKADEP) using a multistage sampling procedure. Questionnaire was used as a tool for primary data collection. Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskadascity (GARCH) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) methodologies were used to measure income volatility. Giving the peculiarity nature of agriculture in the study area, both on and off season’s income was used for the study. Result reveals that 71.1% of the respondents were between the ages of 35-44 years, 93.4% were married while 59% completed primary education, and 88.9% were farmers whose household size are between 5-9 people respectively. About 37.8% had up to 15-19years farming experience, 50.2 % had monthly income of about N19.999.00. The GARCH approach of measuring income volatility gives a better result as compared with coefficient of variation in both seasons. The CV measure from the mean score shows an explosive result. The GARCH measure shows persistency. The study recommended among others the intra-diversification within crop and livestock production which will enhance relative stability in farming household’s income.
Keywords: Measure, Income, Volatility, GARCH-CV Approach, Farm Household
The Role of Agricultural Libraries in Literacy Education as a Prelude to Capacity Building among Rural Farmers in Nigeria
Get PDFIlliteracy among Nigerians, with its social and economic implications, has become a growing concern in recent years. National awareness of problems associated with limited literacy skills has led to legislation, beginning at the federal level, to fund new literacy programmes and expand existing programmes. Libraries and information centers are viewed as an important component of this massive educational effort, especially in the light of the fact that 75 percent of farmers in Nigeria are illiterate rural dwellers. A descriptive survey method was adopted for the study. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in forms of tables and charts. The findings revealed that agricultural libraries have major roles to play in literacy education to rural farmers in order to build their capacity to produce technology based agricultural goods that will reverse the negative impact of agriculture on the Nigerian economy. Results also showed that rural farmers had farm related information needs, peculiar information sources, and the agricultural information gathered by farmers were used to meet production related needs. The role agricultural libraries can play in literacy education of rural farmers in Nigeria were enunciated to include providing information to the extension workers and repackaging agricultural information for the rural farmers in local languages and dialects where necessary. Information Communication Technology developments within the library that can impact on the generation and dissemination of agricultural information to farmers included dissemination of information on posters, use of digital white boards for interactive extension workshops and dissemination of current digital agricultural information from the internet among others. In conclusion, the agricultural libraries have the human and material resources to join the extension team to conduct research and give rural farmer necessary information needed to provide to achieve technology based agriculture that will help the Nigerian nation achieve food sufficiency and security. It was recommended that Agricultural librarians should consider joining the agricultural extension team. The repackaging of agricultural information accessible to the library via online as well as the offline sources should be considered by the librarians in liaison with the agricultural experts. The agricultural librarians should spearhead the advocacy that will ensure the establishment of public libraries in all the local government areas in Abia state as this will ease the access to information to these rural farmers. Keywords Agricultural Libraries; Literacy Education; Capacity Building; Rural Farmers; Nigeri
Nutrient Potentials of Some Indigenous Multi-Purpose Tree Species in Soil Fertility Management of Agroforestry Farms in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Get PDFNutrient potentials of leaf litters of three commonly cultivated
multipurpose trees - Dacryodes edulis (G. Don,
H. J. Lam)., Chrysophyllum albidum,(G. Don) and Irvingia gabonensis (O’ Rorke) Baill were investigated in Akwa Ibom State. The leaf litters were composted in open soil pits covered with netting materials in the Forestry Department Experimental Farm. The experimental design was the completely randomised design in three replicates. The litters were allowed to decompose and cure by aerobic process for a period of 9 months. The cured manure were analysed for soil nutrients using Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) methods. The results revealed that I. gabonensis had the highest macro and micro nutrients yield totalling N(19.90mg/kg), P(2450mg/kg), K(2696.25mg/kg), Ca(1744.3mg/kg), Mg(993.13mg/kg), and Zn(94.38mg/kg), Mn (80.50mg/kg), Cu (7.0mg/kg), B(0.25mg/kg) and Fe(1400mg/kg). It was closely followed by C. albidum with total N(14.10g/kg), P(2387.5mg/kg), K(3985.0mg/kg), Ca(1908.13mg/kg), Mg(1105.23mg/kg), Zn(92.75mg/kg), Mn(21.0mg/kg), Cu(56.38mg/kg) B(0.75mg/kg), and Fe (1320mg/kg) and lastly, D. edulis yielded a total N(19.3g/kg), P(1550mg/kg), K(4222.5mg/kg), Ca(1929.3mg/kg), Mg(1270mg/kg), Zn(74.50mg/kg), Mn(69.13mg/kg), Cu(16.38mg/kg), B(0.50mg/kg), and Fe(1133.10mg/kg). In all, I. gabonensis yielded the highest significant (P= 0.05) macro and micro nutrients to the soil, the highest organic carbon, but the least moisture content. This was followed by D. edulis which yielded a significant organic carbon with C. albidum yielding the least significant (P= 0.05) nutrients to the soil. It is concluded that these multi-purpose trees have great potentials for adding substantial amount of nutrients to the soil for planting in agroforestry farms and thus sustains crop production in the state