Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
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Improving Jatropha curcas L. photosynthesis-related parameters using poultry litter and its biochar
Get PDFPoultry litter and biochar contribute to improved plant growth due to their high nutrient content. However, to the best of our knowledge, how incorporating poultry litter and its biochar in soil affects photosynthesis-related parameters of Jatropha curcas L. has not been reported. Therefore, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted using a complete randomised design with three replicates per treatment to determine the effects of poultry litter, biochar pyrolysed at 350 °C and 750 °C at different application rates (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 gkg-1) on Jatropha curcas L. photosynthesis parameters. The control plants recorded the lowest values of photosynthesis-related parameters compared to the treated plants except for water use efficiency. The study observed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in leaf surface area (1807 m2, PL), dark-adapted Fv/Fm ratio, carbon dioxide uptake, and transpiration rate for PL and BC350 with increased application rates, compared to BC750 treatments. BC350 treated plants exhibited higher values (0.79) of Light-adapted Fv’/Fm’. The quantum yield of PSII electron transport displayed an increase with an application rate of 3 gkg-1in PL (0.75) treated soils. Comparing organic amendments used, BC350 exhibited a significantly higher value of carbon dioxide uptake rate (2.67 μmol m-2 s-1) and transpiration rate (2.20 mmol m-2 s-1); however, WUE increased at an application rate of 3 gkg-1 in BC750 (3.8 µmol (CO2) mol-1(H2O)) treated plants. The study results indicate that poultry litter and biochar produced at a lower temperature significantly improved photosynthesis parameters than biochar produced at a higher temperature
Plant species diversity of the wet meadows under natural and anthropogenic interventions: The case of the Lakes Amvrakia and Ozeros (W. Greece)
Get PDFThe Lakes Amvrakia and Ozeros (W. Greece) belong to the western chain of Greek wetlands running along the coast of the Ionian Sea. They are both natural lakes belonging to the Natura 2000, Site of Community Importance (pSCI) and are characterized by high ecological value. Wet meadows are typical habitat types of these wetland ecosystems which are in contact with rural ecosystems which they interact with. Due to the high conservation value of these habitat types, in the framework of this study the flora of the wet meadows was recorded and a floristic analysis concerning chorology, life forms and habitat preferences was made. A total number of 152 taxa was found in the wet meadows of both lakes from which only 47 taxa were common. The families with the greatest number of species were Fabaceae (22 taxa), Asteraceae (14 taxa) and Poaceae (9 taxa) for the wet meadow vegetation of the Lake Amvrakia and Fabaceae, Poaceae (17 and 13 taxa, respectively) for the Lake Ozeros. In both lakes the prevalence of the Therophytes is evident, while the life forms of Chamephytes and Aquatics were absent from the Lake Amvrakia. From the results of the canonical correspondence analysis among species, sampling plots and selected environmental variables, a clear separation between species and sampling plots was found, presenting strong correlation with specific edaphic parameters (pH, CaCO3, EC, , Total N, SOC and ). These edaphic properties, as a result of natural and anthropogenic interventions, seem to play an important role in the wet meadows plant species distribution pattern
Contributions to the knowledge of Campylorrhyncha section species from Xanthium genus spreading in Romania
No full textDer Verfasser stellt fest, dass von den Arten der Sektion Campylorrhyncha der Gattung Xanthium auf dem Gebeite Rumaniens drei vorhanden sind: X. italicum, X. albinum und X. saccharatum. Die Art Xanthium italicum, vor zehn Jahren nur im Suden des Landes bekannt, ist gegenwartig auf dem ganzen Gebeite Rumaniens verbreitet. Xanthium albinum, bis jetzt unter der Bezeichnunug ,"X. riparium" angefuhrt, verbereitet sich him Norden des Landes (Somes-Au), wurde aber auch in der Dobrudscha gefunden. Die Mehrzahl der vom Verfasser untersuchten Exemplare dieser Arten gehoren der Unterart albinum; bei Ardusat (Kreis Maramures) wurde auch die Unterart riparium aufgetroffen. Die Art Xanthium saccharatum jetzt ist zum ersten Mal auf dem Gebiete Rumaniens aufgefunden; sie verbreite sich neben den obenstehenden Arten in mehreren Standorten auf den Somes-Auen. Das Vorkommen der Arten Xanthium orientale auf dem Gebeite Rumaniens ist gegenwartig nicht erwiesen, uberigens wurde sie im Band IX. "flora R. S. Romania" nur mit dem Fragezeichen aufgezeichnet worden
Evaluation of mitotic activity in tapetal cells of grapevine (Vitis L.)
Get PDFThe knowledge with reference to the grapevine tapetum has been centered on its anatomy/morphology and hardly anything at all is known about its mitotic activity throughout the microsporogenesis. The aim of this study was to ascertain the mitotic activity in tapetal cells of some grapevines (Vitis L.) broadening knowledge about this tissue and simultaneously corroborating the viability of its use as an alternative tissue for further cytogenetic studies. Young buds of 12 grapevine varieties at different meiotic stages were squashed and tapetal cells a prometaphase/metaphase scored in each meiotic stage. Mitotic activity was observed since the beginning of microsporogenesis, where it was more intense, decreasing toward tetrad. Polyploid tapetal cells arose through endomitosis while the microsporogenesis advanced. Two types of polyploid cells were evidenced, those with two or more individualized diploid chromosome groups and those with only one polyploid group. The percentage of diploid cells and of polyploid cells with two or more individualized diploid groups was higher during the first stage of microsporogenesis, though decreasing and giving way to cells with one large polyploid group as microsporogenesis moved toward tetrad. The nucleolus number was scored at interphase at different stages. Two and four nucleoli prevailed in tapetal cells at all stages except at tetrad where one large nucleolus was seen. The results showed that despite of the squashing technique applied, grapevine tapetum has a substantial amount of cells with mitotic activity with a satisfactory chromosome spreading therefore establishing an interesting alternative and promising tissue for later cytomolecular studies
Influence of fertilizer and salicylic acid treatments on growth, physiological, and antioxidant characteristics in green and red Perilla frutescens varieties
Get PDFPerilla is herbaceous plant, functional food, and nutraceutical product with antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the growth, reflectance indices, and antioxidant properties of P. frutescens species in response to fertilizer and salicylic acid (SA) applications. Two independent experiments were carried out in an environmentally controlled greenhouse: (1) pots of red-leaf and green-leaf cultivars divided into four groups treated with 10-30-20 (10N-13.1P-16.6K), 15-10-30 (15N-4.4P-24.9K), 20-20-20 (20N-8.7P-16.6K), and 30-10-10 (30N-4.4P-8.3K) fertilizers for periods of 10 weeks, and (2) pots of red and green Perilla cultivars divided into five groups treated with 0 (control), 125, 250, 500, and 1,000 µM of SA for periods of 7 weeks. Wide variations occurred in the agronomic performance, soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) value, adjusted normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), and antioxidant activity of the two Perilla varieties. All the measured traits were higher in green than in red Perilla under identical fertilizing, and all agronomic traits in green and red Perilla plants subjected to 125 and 500 μM SA were better than in controls. The SPAD and NDVI values of all plants increased as N% increased, the lowest Fv/Fm values of all plants were observed under 15-10-30 fertilizer treatment, the lowest NDVI values were detected in controls, and the Fv/Fm values of all plants decreased under 1,000 μM SA treatment. These indices can be used as indicators to characterize the physiology of these plants and are suitable for evaluating their growth and development under specific fertilizer and SA treatments. Green Perilla leaf extract (PLE) contained higher rosmarinic acid (RA) concentration in each fertilizer treatment, and higher total phenolic (TP) and RA concentration in each SA treatment. However, red PLE contained higher caffeic acid (CA) concentration than green PLE in each fertilizer and SA treatment, implying that their two genotypes exhibited different abilities and specificities of photosynthetic metabolites, and that different varieties may prepare for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity by up-regulating TP, RA, and CA concentration differently. Thus, Perilla plants can be used as health foods due to high TP, RA, and CA concentration. To produce Perilla efficiently in industrial applications, we undertook to determine the optimum N-P-K fertilizer ratio and SA application for maximizing the growth and accumulation of TP, RA, and CA in Perilla plants
Filamentous fungi isolated from Tunisian olive mill wastes: use of solid-state fermentation for enzyme production
Get PDFOlive mill wastewaters and olive cake are effluents generated during olive oil production process. They represent a major disposal and potentially severe pollution problem for the industry, also promising source of substances of high value. The aim of this study is the valorization of olive mill wastes (OMWW, olive cake, olive twigs and leaves) to produce enzymes with high industrial and biotechnological potential, by the solid-state fermentation technique (SSF), from isolated fungi present in olive mill wastewater and olive cake. A total of 47 strains were isolated and purified from these two residues. The metabolic potential of isolated strains was study by testing the hydrolytic enzymes activities of lipase, protease, amylase, cellulase, invertase, phytase and tannase on agar plate media containing different substrate. The monitoring of SSF has shown that the metabolic activity of these strains is extremely rapid using this technique. Our fungi collection contains a diversity of strains capable to producing a variety of enzymes of biotechnological interest
Comparative study of polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity in fruits of Arbutus unedo, A. andrachne and their natural hybrid A.× andrachnoides
Get PDFFruits of the three Arbutus species native in the Eastern Mediterranean region, i.e. Arbutus andrachne, A. unedo and their natural hybrid A. × andrachnoides, collected from two different regions in Greece (Kalamos and Varympompi), were analysed comparatively in order to determine their phenolic profile and measure the antioxidant activity using two different single electron transfer-based assays, ferric reducing ability (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazil radical scavenging capacity (DPPH). The pomological characteristics of the hybrid were similar to A. andrachne, while A. unedo had about 2.0-2.5 times larger fruits, with 20% more moisture being 175% heavier. All three species and their biotypes from the two areas had high phenolic content and antioxidant properties and were clearly pulled in different groups. Total flavanols scored a very strong correlation to antioxidant capacity. Highest total flavanols concentrations were found in A. andrachne fruits, while the hybrid had similar concentrations with A. unedo. In samples from Kalamos, concerning condensed tannins, total flavones, flavonols, phenolics and antioxidant capacity FRAP, as well as total anthocyanin and delphinidin 3-O-galactoside, the hybrid presented average values compared to the two parental species, while A. andrachne had the highest values. A strong correlation was found between ortho-diphenols and total soluble solids, as well as of total phenolics and flavonoids with total anthocyanins. The polyphenolic content and the antioxidant capacity varied in different biotypes. A. andrachne biotype from Kalamos showed the highest antioxidant capacity and anthocyanin potential. All A. unedo biotypes and A. × andrachnoides from Varympompi showed higher concentrations of ascorbic acid compared to the other biotypes
Physiological responses of mycorrhizal symbiosis to drought stress in white clover
Get PDFThe aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Funneliformis mosseae and Paraglomus occultum, on leaf water status, root morphology, root sugar accumulation, root abscisic acid (ABA) levels, root malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and root antioxidant enzyme activities in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) exposed to well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS) conditions. The results showed that root colonization by F. mosseae and P. occultum was significantly decreased by 7-week soil drought treatment. Under drought stress conditions, mycorrhizal fungal treatment considerably stimulated root total length, surface area and volume, as compared with non-mycorrhizal controls. In addition, inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi also increased leaf relative water content and accelerated the accumulation of root glucose and fructose under drought stress. Mycorrhizal plants under drought stress registered higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) and ABA levels in roots, while lower MDA contents, relative to non-mycorrhizal plants. As a result, mycorrhiza-inoculated plants represented better physiological activities (e.g. antioxidant defense systems, root morphology, and sugar accumulation) than non-inoculated plants in response to soil drought, whilst P. occultum had superior effects than F. mosseae
Viral diagnosis in cultivars of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.
Get PDFIpomoea batatas (L.) Lam. commonly known as sweet potato, is an important staple food worldwide, mainly due to its high nutritional value and yield. However, vegetative reproduction of sweet potato makes it more susceptible to viral infections, which threatens its productivity, quality, and difficult long-term preservation in germplasm banks. Also, it can act as a virus reservoir infecting the rest of the plant accessions in the bank collections. Hence, this work aimed to screen Begomovirus, Potyvirus, and Carlavirus infections in 16 traditional sweet potato cultivars from the germplasm collection of the ISOPlexis Germplasm Bank, Madeira, Portugal. The infection prevalence by these viruses among cultivars was 81.25%, 25.00%, and 6.25%, respectively; being ISOP1011 the only accession coinfected by Potyvirus and Carlavirus. The accessions ISOP1006, ISOP1010, and ISOP1047 were also coinfected by Begomovirus and Potyvirus, highlighting their vulnerability to viral infections. The ISOP1005 and ISOP1027 accessions were the only ones not infected by any of these viruses. The analysis of the partial sequence obtained from the Carlavirus detected in the accession ISOP1011, revealed the existence of an ORF that encodes for 93 amino acids of the catalytic domain of an RNA-directed RNA polymerase related to the Tymovirus protein family, as could be confirmed by comparison with proteins stored in UniProtKB. Multiple sequence alignment with these proteins showed that Motifs A and B of the catalytic domain were conserved. The search for sequence similarity with sequences deposited in GenBank reported a high sequence identity with Sweet potato yellow mottle virus (SPYMV) and Sweet potato chlorotic fleck virus (SPCFV). However, the 9-11% discrepancy in nucleotide sequence identity and a phylogenetic analysis carried out using the maximum probability method suggests the virus isolated from ISOP1011 is a new divergent strain of the SPCFV species
Impact of treated sewage water on nutrient status of alfisols and vegetable crops
Get PDFThis study was conducted to determine the impact on the nutrient status of soil and vegetable crops irrigated with the treated sewage water. Three samples of water and five samples of soil and five commonly grown vegetables viz. radish, carrot, spinach, cauliflower, and potato were collected from Ganjia, Arail and Dandi located in Naini, Allahabad (India). The water samples were analysed for pH, EC, and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cr3+, Cd2+ and Ni2+) concentration. Water samples from all the sites were alkaline with EC below the safe limits. The soil and plant samples from all the three sites showed that Gangia recorded the highest value of EC (dS m-1), organic carbon (OC) (%), available NPK (kg ha-1), and micronutrients concentration (Mn2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+) (mg kg-1) whereas, the lowest concentration was recorded at Dandi followed by Arail. The soil samples collected from all three sites were alkaline. The nutrient status (N, P and K) showed the highest value in potato in the three sites, whereas manganese and zinc showed the highest value in spinach and iron in carrot. The study concludes that treated sewage water used for irrigation has a positive impact on nutrient status in soils and as well as in vegetable crops