Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
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Copper oxide nanoparticles biosynthetized improve germination and bioactive compounds in wheat sprouts
Get PDFMetal nanoparticles have many positive effects in improving crop production and productivity and allow for increased germination and rapid crop establishment under field conditions. The metallic nanoparticles applied in this study were copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) biosynthesized using orange peel (Citrus X sinensis) as a reducing agent to avoid or reduce toxicity in wheat seeds and sprouts. This study determined the effect of CuONPs on germination, radicle and plumule length, as well as the production of phytochemical compounds in wheat sprouts. The seeds were treated with suspensions of CuONPs at the following concentrations: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 mg mL-1. The results indicate that the use of low doses of CuONPs (0.5 mg mL-1), improved germination, vigor, plumule and radicle length, in addition to increasing the biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds in wheat shoots. A high concentration of CuONPs (6 mg mL-1) causes inhibitory effects due to Cu accumulation and phytotoxicity in plant tissue. The use of CuONPs for green synthesis is a viable alternative to obtain beneficial effects in germination and seedling development, as well as greater secondary metabolite production
Plants physiology in response to the saline stress interconnected effects
No full textGlobal climatic changes pose pressure both upon plant growth and also on crop distribution. Romania is threatened by the increase of salinity areas, reason of which, this topic becomes a relevant need to deepen and adapt the strategies of crop choice on a regional scale for sustainable cropping systems. Plants provide a series of physiological responses. Therefore, this study aim is to project and analyze the main interest of interconnected effects studies about salinity and crops physiological responses to this abiotic stress. A synthesis of 99 articles based on Web of Science Core Collection from the last five years was selected. The topics assessed were “climat change” combined with “soil salinity” also “plant physiological response” combined with “salt soil”. The most intensive connected topics studied in the analyzed period were about abiotic stresses as restrictors of crop yield. Among stresses, drought was highlight and most researches promote various techniques regarding plant growth enhancement with obtaining salt tolerant plants. Future research trend should be placed around different principal valuable crops. Starting with plant metabolism and responses to saline stress, continuing with soil, water, gas emissions, microbiological applications, all impacted by high salt content represent an important area on future development of research
Prevalence, molecular characterization, and variety reactions of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae on mulberries in Turkey
No full textTurkey is one of noteworthy countries for both fruit genetic resources and amount of fruit production in the world. Mulberry is cultivated throughout Turkey, most commonly in Central, Northeast and Southeast Anatolia. Mulberry has a great market potential thanks to its fresh consumption and usage of processed food products. In June 2019, a disease was observed causing deaths in shoots and branches on mulberry trees in Malatya province of Turkey. The causative agent of the disease was identified as Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae according to morphological characteristics and sequencing of TEF 1-α gene (Accession no. MT362602 and MT362603), ITS (Accession no. MT195554 and MT195555) and LSU (Accession no. MT195552 and MT195553). Based on the concatenated sequences of the ITS, TEF 1-α, and LSU, a phylogenetic tree was built using Bayesian analysis. Reactions of nine mulberry cultivars against the disease (‘Ulukale’, ‘Ayaş’, ‘Ichinose’, ‘Poser’, ‘Kenmochi’, ‘Arapgir’, ‘Sarı aşı’, ‘Horum’ and ‘Istanbul’) inoculated with Malatya isolate of N. novaehollandiae were evaluated under growth chamber conditions. All-mulberry cultivars artificially inoculated with N. novaehollandiae isolate exhibited severe necrosis symptoms on woody tissues of tested plants. It was confirmed that N. novaehollandiae is a fungal pathogen associated with dieback and canker on mulberry trees in Turkey for the first time. New mulberry plantations could be endangered by this emerging new disease
Deciphering the stem variations in ginseng plant using RNA-Seq
No full textGinseng is an important herb widely grown in East Asia that has medicinal and nutritional uses. Multi-stem ginseng plants undergo rapid growth, are of good quality, and have a high main-root yield. The multi-stem trait is important in ginseng breeding. To understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the multi-stem formation, the physiological changes before and after overwintering bud formation, we analysed the transcriptomes of multi- and single-stem ginseng plants. RNA sequencing of overwintering buds from multi- and single-stem ginseng plants was performed using high-throughput second-generation sequencing. We obtained 47.66 million high quality reads at a sequencing efficiency of greater than 99% from the multi- and single-stem transcriptome. An analysis of significantly enriched gene ontology functions and comparisons with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways revealed expression level changes in genes associated with plant hormones, photosynthesis, steroids biosynthesis, and sugar metabolism. Plant hormones are involved in multi-stem formation in ginseng. Auxin, cytokinin, brassinolide, and strigolactone have positive effects on multi-stem formation, but further research is needed to elucidate their mechanisms. Our results have important implications in ginseng cultivation and breeding
Pot Aloe vera gel – a natural source of antioxidants
No full textAloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) is widely spread around the world and it is used in the food and cosmetic industry and traditional medicine due to its high content in bioactive compounds. Thus, this article investigated the phenolic compounds of Romanian Aloe vera gel and its antioxidant capacity. The gel was extracted using 4 different solvents: methanol, ethanol, water, and acetone. Total phenolics were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, total flavonoids by aluminium chloride reaction, and the antioxidant capacity by DPPH radical-scavenging activity. The profile of the phenolic compound was determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection–Electro-Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. The methanolic extract had a significantly higher antioxidant activity, followed by ethanolic, water, and acetone extracts. The methanolic extract had also the highest total polyphenol content, while ethanolic extract had the highest total flavonoid content. The extracts contained 14 compounds identified as 7 chromones (Aloesin, Neoaloesin, Aloinoside A, Aloinoside E, Aloe-emodin-glucoside, Isoaloeresin D, Methoxycoumaroyl-aloresin) 2 flavones (Luteolin-glucoside, Apigenin-glucoside), one hydroxycinnamic acid (Caffeic acid) and 4 to anthrones (Aloin A, Aloin B, Emodin, Aloe-emodin). The LC-MS results showed important quantities of Aloesin, Neoaloesin, Aloeresin E, and Aloe-emodin-glucoside while FTIR analysis showed the presence of polysaccharides, pectins, anthraquinones, and saponins
Introduction pages
No full textThe papers published in Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, Issue 2, Volume 50, 2022 represent new exciting research in different topics of life science, respectively in plant science, horticulture, agronomy, and crop science. Among the interesting articles we invite you to find news about: Regulation mechanism of long non-coding RNA in plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis; CRISPR/Cas9 applications for improvement of soybeans, current scenarios, and future perspectives; Antioxidant activity of mustard green and Thai rat-tailed radish grown from cold plasma treated seeds and their anticancer efficacy against A549 lung cancer cells; Chemical constituents, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of bee pollen from various floral sources in Taiwan; Antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of seeds and seed by-products from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera); Pot Aloe vera gel – a natural source of antioxidants; In vitro direct organogenesis of the Cretan dittany (Origanum dictamnus L.), an important threatened Greek endemic species; Microscopical characteristics, phytochemical investigation and biological activities of different Lysimachia species growing in Vietnam; Deciphering the stem variations in ginseng plant using RNA-Seq; Biofortification with nanoparticles and zinc nitrate plus chitosan in green beans – effects on yield and mineral content etc.
In vitro callogenesis essays to induce somatic embryogenesis of the Tunisian chickpea
Get PDFThe present study was the first report on the somatic embryogenesis of the Tunisian chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) particularly supposed to be recalcitrant and difficult to manipulate in vitro. An efficient protocol has been developed for inducing indirect somatic embryogenesis derived from immature zygotic embryo axis, young leaflet and hypocotylar explants. Callogenesis was achieved on full-strength Murashige and Skoog's (1962) (MS) basal medium supplemented with two auxin/cytokinin combinations; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-furfurylamonopurine (KIN) or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) to establish the phytohormones requirement to promote the best induction of friable calli. For somatic embryos induction, embryogenic calli developed from zygotic embryo axes, leaflet and hypocotylar explants were cultured on MS full strength and MS/2, half strength, free of phytohormones media. This study found that all explants exhibited high frequency of callus induction. For immature zygotic embryo axes and young leaflet explants, media containing the combination of 2,4-D and KIN were best effective for inducing callogenesis and friable calli. The most important embryogenic callus percentages were obtained on the culture medium containing the highest concentrations of 2,4-D (2 mg L-1) and KIN (0.5 mg L-1). However, media containing the combination NAA and BAP were best effective for inducing embryogenic calli on hypocotylar explants. A maximal rate of embryogenic calli was reached on medium containing 3 mg L-1 NAA and 1 mg L-1 BAP. The highest number of somatic embryos was obtained with embryogenic calli derived from embryo axis explants and cultured on MS half strength free phytohormones medium. About 56% of somatic embryos converted successfully into fertile plantlets
Global identification and functional prediction of cold-related lncRNAs in eggplant
Get PDFLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in plant development and stress responses. So far, identification of lncRNA in eggplant response to stresses has been limited and the role in mediating response to cold stress is yet to be characterized in eggplant. In this study, there is reported the first dataset of lncRNAs responsive to cold stress in the cold tolerant and sensitive eggplants using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). 227 and 225 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were obtained in two genotypes with differential cold-tolerance. Functional characterization through gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that target genes were particularly related to acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity and pseudouridine synthase activity, which could result in the tolerant phenotypes. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that target genes in both sensitive and tolerant eggplants were mainly involved in cold responsive pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation, peroxisome, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and so on. However, the enriched pathways obtained by enrichment analysis in cold-tolerant eggplant were different from those in cold-sensitive eggplant, which further indicated the reason for different tolerances. Our findings highlight the potential contributions of lncRNAs in regulating eggplant response to cold stress and difference in cold tolerance
Introduction pages, NBHA-CN 50(3), 2022
No full textThe papers published in Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, Issue 3, Volume 50, 2022 represent new exciting research in different topics of life science, respectively in plant science, horticulture, agronomy, and crop science. Among the interesting articles we invite you to find news about: Antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effects of Alternanthera sissoo and Alternanthera bettzickiana extracts against cancer cells; Cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity of essential oils from lemon, wild orange and petitgrain against MCF-7, HepG2 and HeLa cancer cells; Identification of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) gene family in wheat and its expression profiling analysis under different stress treatments; Rice grain yield and quality improvement via CRISPR/Cas9 system: an updated review; Colletotrichum siamense infection caused transcripts involved plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis varied in strawberry; Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency and productivity of faba bean crop on contrasting cropping systems; The change of phytochemical profile in beet juice and the influence of different storage conditions during one year; Quality study of PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) Greek white wines of the grape variety ‘Debina’; Characterization of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ pomace extracts and evaluation of antifungal potential of Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp.; Anti-ulcer properties, cytokines, and apoptosis regulatory effects of Olea europaea leaves from Hail Province, Saudi Arabia; etc
Silicon increases seed weight and initial seedling growth of maize under non-stress conditions, and improves the index of velocity of germination under salt stress conditions
Get PDFSalinity is one of the most critical factors affecting agriculture worldwide. The application of beneficial elements like silicon (Si) is one of the alternatives to mitigate its effects. In this research, we evaluated the effect of Si applied during seed imbibition on mitigating the negative effects caused by salinity during the germination and initial growth phases of maize (Zea mays L.) SB-308 seedlings. Seed pre-treatment during the imbibition was made with 0.0-, 1.5- and 3.0-mM Si. Afterwards, seeds that were imbibed were placed in plastic containers and treated with 0, 80, 160, and 240 mM NaCl. The evaluated concentrations of Si and NaCl gave rise to 12 treatments. Pre-treated seeds with 3 mM Si had an increase of weight after imbibition, 5.1% higher than the control. The treatments obtained from combining NaCl and Si levels did not affect the total and relative germination. The radicle length increased by 13.6% with 3 mM Si compared to the control. Conversely, it was lower with increasing salinity. These trends were observed in plant height. The interaction of the study factors produced an increase in the radicle length in the interval from 0 to 160 mM NaCl, when the Si dose was increased. However, there were no significant differences among equal levels of salinity without Si. It is concluded that Si increased the absorption of water during the imbibition and raised the index of velocity of germination under salinity, except in the dose 240 mM NaCl. Likewise, the pre-treatment of seeds with Si tends to increase radicle length under saline conditions