Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
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Monitoring land-cover changes in Mediterranean coastal dunes, northwest Tunisia, using remote sensing data
Get PDFCoastal dune landscapes are subject to morphological and ecological changes. In many parts of the world, coastal dunes are under severe pressure. The present study illustrates an integrated remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) approach, i.e., geospatial techniques for assessing land-cover dynamics in Zouaraa coastal dunes, located in northwest Tunisia. As a main result, the analysis of the situation in the past six decades indicates that the dune area showed a decreasing trend with up to 31% (i.e., 6198 ha) in favour of forest area, which has increased by up to 6485 ha. The geo-spatial analysis revealed that restoration works have positively contributed to stabilize coastal dune systems with a substantial increase in vegetation cover. An increase in drought frequency and intensity was detected during the 1952-2017 period using the SPEI index, which enhanced the vegetation activity and growth in the study area. The SPEI significantly correlated with vegetation greenness on the 12- and 24-months’ time scales. The croplands, water and buildings in the study area have increased respectively by 6% (i.e., 1256 ha), 13% (i.e., 3073 ha) and 3% (i.e., 719 ha). In contrast, land cover like shrub and bare soil has decreased respectively by 13% (i.e., 3073 ha) and 2% (i.e., 1831 ha) during the same period. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of the revegetation techniques undertaken for conserving coastal dune systems. The findings of this study allow land-use planning decision makers to manage and improve situations in similar coastal regions
Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency and productivity of faba bean crop on contrasting cropping systems
Get PDFThe present study was focused on evaluating the effect of AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi) inoculation on nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency and productivity of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) crop, under different fertilization levels on organic or conventional cropping systems. The 2-year field experiment was conducted in central Greece and laid out in a split-plot design, with three replications, two main plots (AMF inoculation treatments) and five sub-plots (fertilization treatments). The results demonstrated that plants of AMF inoculated plots exhibited greater plant height, leaf area index (LAI), leading to higher biomass, and consequently higher final seed yields. Regarding the quality parameters, including nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) uptake and their utilization indices, similar results to those of the productivity results were found with the AMF inoculated plants presented the higher values. Finally, all the parameters of the root system, including AMF root colonization and weighted mycorrhizal dependency (WMD), were negatively affected by fertilization level, particularly in an inorganic form. As a conclusion, the current study confirmed that replacement of inorganic inputs by organic in combination with AMF inoculation, should be seriously considered as a sustainable practice of faba bean crop cultivation under Mediterranean conditions
Effect and mechanism of exogenous selenium on selenium content and quality of fresh tea leaves
Get PDFTo study the effect and mechanism of selenium sources on the selenium content and quality of fresh tea leaves, tea seedlings (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) were the research object. A solution of 100 mg/L sodium selenate (Na2SeO4), sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), and selenium yeast (selenium yeast) were applied on the leaves surface of 5-week-old tea plants, and the selenium levels in the leaves, roots, and stems were determined at 20 weeks of age. The effects of different selenium sources on the mineral nutrient content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and quality parameters content in leaves were analyzed. The mechanism was analyzed by detecting the expression levels of related genes. The results showed that the three selenium sources can increase the growth of tea seedlings and the selenium content in leaves and stems, and the selenium yeast treatment had the most significant effect. Selenium spraying promoted the absorption of mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but had no significant impact on the absorption of calcium and magnesium. Spraying the three selenium sources dramatically increased the activities of APX, POD, and SOD antioxidant enzymes, among which the selenium yeast treatment had the most significant effect. However, there was no significant impact on the MDA level in this study. Selenium sources markedly increased leaves total amino acid levels, accompanied by up-regulation the genes of amino acid synthetic enzymes (CsGS, CsGOGAT, and CsGDH). Leaves glucose, tea polyphenol, total soluble protein, catechin, flavonoid contents, and sucrose were higher in selenium sources treatments than in control treatment seedlings. Moreover, selenium sources up-regulated expression of CsHMGR, CsAPX, and CsTCS1 genes. selenium yeast had the best comprehensive effect of the three selenium sources. These results confirmed that selenium sources play a positive role on the selenium content and quality of tea by increasing the antioxidant capacity of leaves, the absorption rate of mineral nutrients, and regulating expression of related genes in Camellia sinensis
The effects of strigolactones on some biochemical traits in calcified media on grapevine
Get PDFPlants are stressed in different ways when they are in environments unsuitable for them. Among these stresses, abiotic factors are common. Calcified soil is also a stress factor. In this type of soil, there are problems with the nutrient intake of the plant, nutrient deficiencies, or toxicity. In a stress environment, plants try to survive by reacting differently. One of these reactions is that plants increase the synthesis of phenolic compounds. These compounds perform various physiological functions in adapting to environmental problems. It is known that the reactions of plants to stress are associated with endogenous hormones. One of these hormones is strigolactone (SL), which is produced in plant roots and introduced as a new generation of hormones. In this study, the effects of SL applications in grapevine grown in calcified environments were examined with regard to the content of phenolic compounds and mineral element intake. ‘Hasandede’ grape variety grafted on 1103 P American rootstock were grown in environments containing control, 10% and 25% calcium oxide (CaO) and applied with SL (control, 1, 3 and 5 μM) in different doses. Total phenolic compounds were found statistically much higher especially in the majority of plants applied with 3 μM and 5 μM SL is considered to be the effect of SLs in stress prevention. It was concluded that mineral compounds intakes generally responded positively to SL applications. These results are considered to prove the effects of SLs on plant nutrition physiology and stress tolerance
Extraction and characterization of mucilage from Opuntia ficus-indica cultivated on hydroponic system
Get PDFAn interesting component of Opuntia ficus-indica is the mucilage for its properties and industrial uses. However, the great variability of its quantity and quality caused by different growing conditions, the hydroponic system is an alternative. The objective of the present study was cultivating 4 species of Mexican Nopal in a hydroponic system, extract and characterize the mucilage. The characterization consists of pH, ºBrix, colour, proximal analysis, phenols, antioxidant activity, crystallinity, and chemical bonding constituents. ‘Copena F1’ is the best alternative for production of biomass and mucilage. ‘Villanueva’ had high levels of phenols (1,311.83 mg GAE g-1), antioxidant capacity ABTS·+ (6,301.12 mg TE g-1) and FRAP (536.26 mg GAE g-1). A large amount of lipids (1.39%), and nitrogen-free extract (49.27%). The functional groups of the mucilage were identified (-OH, -CH, -CH2, -CH3, C=C, HCH, -CHO) and gypsum, cellulose, SiO2 CaSO4, C2H2K2O5, CaCO3 and CaH2 by X-ray diffraction. The hydroponic system is a viable alternative for production of nopal and mucilage of high-quality mucilage that can be used in several sectors of the industry
Impact of the foliar application of potassium nanofertilizer on biomass, yield, nitrogen assimilation and photosynthetic activity in green beans
Get PDFThe agricultural areas of the world face problems that create difficulties when producing food and the excessive use of fertilizers is generating a negative environmental impact. An alternative that appears as a solution to this problem is the use of nanofertilizers. Within nanofertilizers an area of opportunity is the application of macronutrients, which report an increase in absorption efficiency of 19% compared to conventional fertilizers. Potassium (K) is one of the three macronutrients most used in agriculture and its deficiency affects key processes in plant development, limiting crop production. However, the number of publications where K is used as a nanofertilizer is limited, despite this, products in this form are already on the market. Therefore, the aim of this research work was to study the effect of the foliar application of K nanofertilizer on biomass, yield, nitrogen assimilation and photosynthetic activity in green beans cv. ‘Strike’. K was applied in the form of a nanofertilizer in doses of 0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm. The biomass accumulation, yield, nitrate reductase enzyme activity, photosynthetic activity and photosynthetic pigments were evaluated. The dose of 100 ppm of K nanofertilizer obtained a higher accumulation of biomass, nitrate reductase activity, photosynthetic activity, SPAD values and total chlorophyll content. While the 200-ppm dose obtained a higher increase in yield. The results obtained suggest that the application of K nanofertilizers benefits the physiological development of plants. However, more studies are required to compare the application of nanofertilizers with traditional fertilizers
Studies on the induction of basal stem cluster buds and nodes propagation of Amomum villosum Lour.
No full textAmomum villosum Lour. as Chinese herbal medicine and seasoning, which has a huge potential economic value. This plant is increasing shortage of resources by the slow sexual reproduction and the low artificial reproduction rate. The plants with strong stress resistance and high yield were selected as the female parent, on the basis of single factor and complete combination, the orthogonal test of L9 (34) and L16 (45) was further conducted. 6-BA induced basal stem cluster bud formation was obviously better than that of KT or ZT. 2, 4-D significantly induced callus occurrence and node enlargement, while NAA was more beneficial to adventitious root formation The combination of 6-BA and NAA was more beneficial to induce the formation of cluster buds from basal stem, but the proliferation effect was not ideal. Thus, KT or 2, 4-D was introduced for two orthogonal tests of L9 (34), and the highest proliferation coefficient was only 4.56. Then it was found that adding 0.5 mg·L-1 2, 4-D to the above combination, appeared a unique phenomenon of node propagation. Next, L16 (45) orthogonal test was conducted using 4 plant growth regulators combinations of 6-BA, 2, 4-D, KT and NAA. The optimal medium for proliferation culture was the MS medium with 7.5 mg·L-1 6-BA, 5.0 mg·L-1 NAA, 1.5 mg·L-1 KT, 0.5 mg·L-1 2, 4-D, and the proliferation coefficient reached above 10.00. The optimal rooting medium was the 1/2 MS medium with 2.0 mg·L-1 NAA. With the node propagation, a rapid propagation system of A. villosum was established which provided a possible solution for improve the efficiency of artificial planting, solve the market demand and quality problems
Responses of wheat and barley to Acacia saligna leaf and stem extracts: influence on growth and ascorbate-glutathione cycle
No full textThe present study aimed to study the effect of dry leaf and stem leachates of Acacia saligna on wheat’s growth and enzyme functioning (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare). Leaf leachates (LL) and stem leachates (SL) of A. saligna were applied through root and nutrient solution in different concentrations i.e., 5, 10, and 15%. Treatment of LL and SL declined the growth in terms of height and dry weight in both tested plants in concentration-dependent manner with the maximal decline due to 15% LL. In addition, content of relative water, total chlorophylls, and carotenoids decreased in both wheat as well as barley. The activity of ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydro ascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase increased considerably due to the treatment of LL and SL. The indigenous tolerance mechanisms in wheat and barley seedlings were further strengthened in wheat and barley by increased accumulation of glycine betaine, glutathione, and ascorbate in response to LL and SL treatment. Additionally, the activity of lipoxygenase and protease were increased significantly due to LL and SL treatment with a maximal increase at higher concentrations. From the present study it can be concluded that extracts of leaf and stem of A. saligna inhibit the growth of wheat and barley significantly with a concomitant increase in the functioning of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle. Further, both crop species showed comparable responses to A. saligna leachates
Introduction pages
No full textThe papers published in Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, Issue 1, Volume 50, 2022 represent new exciting researches in different topics of life science, respectively in plant science, horticulture, agronomy, and crop science. Among the interesting articles we invite you to find news about: Trehalose induced drought tolerance in plants: physiological and molecular responses; Taxonomy, distribution, epidemiology, disease cycle and management of brown rot disease of peach ( Monilinia spp.); Promoter activity analysis and transcriptional profile of Ginkgo biloba 1-Deoxy-D- Xylulose 5-Phosphate reductoisomerase gene (GbDXR) under abiotic stresses; Identifying strawberry DOF family transcription factors and their expressions in response to crown rot; Analysis of codon usage pattern in Lonicera × heckrottii ‘Gold Flame’ based on chloroplast genome; Biofortification with copper nanoparticles (Nps Cu) and its effect on the physical and nutraceutical quality of hydroponic melon fruits; Effect of gibberellin, nano-nutrition with titanium, zinc and iron on yield and some physiological and qualitative traits of white beans; Seasonal variation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in ecotone forests of the northern region of Brazilian Amazonia
A view of transcriptome during cold stress in sugarcane using Saccharum spontaneum genome
Get PDFTranscriptomic data of two sugarcane cultivars ‘ROC22’ and ‘GT08-1108’ were investigated for the expression analysis of cold responsive genes. The raw RNA Seq data of the sugarcane cultivars were downloaded from the SRA NCBI database and were reanalyzed and mapped by using Saccharum spontaneum genome. In the Saccharum spontaneum reference genome, 83826 unigenes were annotated and, among these, 46,159 (55%) were functionally annotated with Gene Ontology (GO) categories. In the transcriptome-based analysis, 183,515 unigenes were assembled and, among these, 110,021 (60%) were functionally annotated with GO categories. For the cultivar GT08-1108, using the reference genome pipeline, 11,652 (13.9%) unigenes were differentially expressed (7,238 upregulated; 4,414 downregulated), while 16,145 (8.8%) were differentially expressed (8,965 upregulated; 7,180 downregulated) using transcriptome-based pipeline. In the cultivar ROC22, 11,516 (13.7%) genes were differentially expressed (7,174 upregulated; 4,342 downregulated) and 20,317 (11.1%) (10,898 upregulated; 9,419 downregulated) for the genome and transcriptome-based analysis, respectively. In the genome analyses, among downregulated genes, 3,248 were coincident between the two cultivars, the remaining 1,166 differentially expressed only in ‘GT-1180’ and 1,094 only in ‘ROC22’. With the transcriptome assembly, 13,113 genes were deferentially expressed in both cultivars, the remaining 3,032 unique to ‘GT08-1108’ and 7,204 in ‘ROC22’. We concluded that sugarcane in response to cold stress expresses many genes, although the transcriptome assembly overestimated the number of unigenes and, consequently, a higher number of differentially expressed genes. This may be due to difficulties in separating homeologues from paralogue genes. When a reference genome is available, we recommend its use since genes predicted on a reference genome tend to be more accurate