Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
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Cryopreservation of Abies alba embryogenic tissues by slow-freezing method
Get PDFEmbryogenic tissues of Abies alba Mill. were cryopreserved using the slow-freezing approach. Four cell lines were incubated for 24 h on a medium with 0.5 M sorbitol and pre-treated with 5% DMSO. Subsequently, the tissues were frozen at a cooling rate of 1 °C min-1 to -40 °C and transferred to liquid nitrogen for 72 hours. After thawing in a water bath at 40 °C, the tissues were cultivated on a proliferation medium. All tested lines recovered, but variations in regrowth frequencies across cell lines were noticed (91.66 to 100%). The recovered tissues showed similar features to the control 2 (non-pre-treated and non-cryopreserved tissues). In the accumulation of fresh and dry mass, no statistically significant differences were observed between cryopreserved cultures and control 2. The cryopreserved tissues produced cotyledonary somatic embryos capable of germination. Microscopic observations revealed considerable structural changes as a consequence of the cryopreservation procedure. The long vacuolated suspensor cells were disrupted, and mostly the meristematic cells of the embryonal region survived. The typical bipolar structure of early somatic embryos has been regained during the post-thaw period. Differences in cryotolerance across cell lines were also observed
Antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effects of Alternanthera sissoo and Alternanthera bettzickiana extracts against cancer cells
Get PDFThis work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacities and cytotoxic attributes of Alternanthera sissoo (AS) and Alternanthera bettzickiana Green (AB) which are commonly grown in Thailand, yet not extensively-studied. Dried leaves were extracted by maceration using ethanol for 48 h and ethanolic extract solution was used. Cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, anti-migratory capacities and apoptosis-related gene expressions of AS and AB extracts on MCF-7, HepG2, and HeLa cell lines were investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetra zolium bromide (MTT) assay, anti-colony formation and wound healing test, respectively. The antioxidant activities by DPPH assay and FRAP assay of AS (130.62±1.61 µg TE/g extract and 24.76 ± 0.54 mg Fe(II)/g extract, respectively) were significantly higher than those of AB (104.34±3.68 µg TE/g extract and 23.13± 0.90 mg Fe(II)/g extract, respectively). Likewise, total phenolic content and the total flavonoid content of AS (7.43±0.39 mg GAE/g and 184.22±3.20 mg RE/g extract, respectively) were significantly higher than AB (6.10±0.29 mg GAE/g extract and 168.07±7.90 mg RE/g extract, respectively). HPLC analysis showed the predominance of myricetin, rutin and ferulic acid. For MCF-7, HepG2 and HeLa, the lowest IC50 values of 48.53 µg/mL, 69.94 µg/mL and 43.98 µg/mL, respectively were found in AS extract at 72 h exposure using MTT assay. Apoptotic bodies, gene expression and protein expressions related to apoptosis were more pronounced in AS treatment. Both AS and AB can be served as local foods with chemopreventive effects against breast, liver and cervical cancers. This work provided a foundation for future pharmacological research on Alternanthera plant extracts
Interspecific hybridization with African marigold (Tagetes erecta) can improve flower-related performance in French marigold (T. patula)
Get PDFThe present research was intended for interspecific hybridization between two male sterile African marigold lines and six self-lines of French marigolds. The results show that as indicated by the full seed number per capitulum, the pollen amount of French marigold pollen influenced the authentic compatibilities reckoned for the 10 cross combinations configured to some amount. Based on the field performance of these interspecific hybrids, it is known that the parental French marigold’s single-petaled and silvery flower type may well be improved to a heavy-petaled type while the flower colour remains the same or changes to a lighter version with the same hue. Furthermore, the progeny of certain crossings exceeded the male parents in terms of growth, leaf, and flower-related features, particularly plant height, crown breadth, flower number per plant, and ligulate flower quantity. The most remarkable finding was that, compared to the parental French marigold, most of the hybrid combinations' progeny could blossom 0-11 days earlier. Finally, we identified two excellent hybrid combinations that may be used as a reference for future breeding and commercialization of new marigold varieties
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote early flowering and prolong flowering in Antirrhinum majus L. by regulating endogenous hormone balance under field-planting conditions
Get PDFIt is well documented that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affect growth and nutrient absorption in host plants under pot conditions. However, their effects on reproductive growth in ornamental plants under field conditions are unknown. Our study evaluated the effects of AMF on flowering and physiological traits in snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) under greenhouse field conditions. Seedlings were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae (Nicolson & Gerd.) and without as controls. Results showed that AMF inoculation significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, phosphorus, and soluble protein; decreased soluble sugar; and had no effect on total nitrogen, carbon, and potassium. AMF colonization increased concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA), indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), and zeatin riboside (ZR); increased the ZR/IAA ratio; and reduced ABA/GA3 and ABA/IAA+GA3+ZR ratios. AMF advanced flowering by five days and prolonged flowering by 13 days. Our study showed that AMF can promote flowering and prolong flowering in snapdragon, which may be due to the improvement of endogenous hormone equilibrium
Estimation of nitrogen in cotton leaves using different hyperspectral region data
Get PDFAs an important index of a plant’s N nutrition, leaf nitrogen content (LNC) can be quickly monitored in real time with hyperspectral information, which is helpful to guide the precise application of N in cotton leaves. In this study, taking cotton dripping in Xinjiang, China, as the object of study, five N application treatments (0, 120, 240, 360, 480 kg·ha-1) were set up, and the hyperspectral data and the N content of main stem functional leaves at the cotton flower and boll stage were collected. The results showed that (1) comparing the correlations of the three types of spectral data from the original spectra, first derivative spectra, and second derivative spectra with the LNC of cotton, the first derivative spectra increased the correlation between the reflectance in the peak and valley ranges of the spectral curves and the LNC of cotton; (2) in the three hyperspectral regions of VIS, NIR, and SWIR, all R2 values of the estimation model for the LNC of cotton established based on the characteristic wavelengths of the original and the first derivative spectra were greater than 0.8, and the model accuracy was better than that of the second derivative spectra; and (3) the normalized root mean square error (n-RMSE) values of the validated model using MLR, PCR, and PLSR regression methods were all in the range of 10–20%, indicating that the established model could well estimate the nitrogen content of cotton leaves. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of the three hyperspectral domains of VIR, NIR, and SWIR to estimate the LNC of cotton and provide a new basis for hyperspectral data application in crop nutrient monitoring
Management of root-knot nematode infection by using fly ash and Trichoderma harzianum in Capsicum annum plants by modulating growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, biochemical substances, and secondary metabolite profiles
Get PDFA nematicide is a type of chemical pesticide used to kill plant-parasitic nematodes. Nematicides have tended to be broad-spectrum toxicants, possessing high volatility or other properties that promote migration through the soil. In addition, the nematicides used are more expensive and have adverse effects on health and the environment, so it must use more eco-friendly and less expensive alternative methods to control root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita). Chili (Capsicum annum) suffers from nematode infestation, which reduces its quality and quantity. Therefore, the goal of this research was to assess the effect of different doses of fly ash (FA) mixed soil (5%, 10%, 15 and 20% FA) with two doses of Trichoderma harzianum (1 g and 2 g) for the management of root-knot nematode infection in chili crop. The results showed that significant enhancement in plant growth, yield, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content, protein, carbohydrate, amino acid, tryptophan, indole acetic acid, phenolics, flavonoids, proline, and nitrate reductase content of chili plants was recorded at 10% fly ash with 2 g of T. harzianum (T6). The inoculated plants registered the greatest damage with galling indexes. The lowest galling index was estimated at the T6 treatment. At higher levels of FA + combined with both doses of T. harzianum, nematode could not survive that’s why eighter galls or egg masses were observed. Nematodes may have ceased to function, lost their activity, and hence been unable to resist the stress of fly ash and T. harzianum set. The application of T. harzianum with a lower dose (10%) of fly ash to control the nematode favored plant growth in general. In conclusion, 10% fly ash and 2 g of T. harzianum have the ability to operate as growth promoters and biocontrol agents for M. incognita
Investigation of factors in improving Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer in Ruellia tuberosa L. and evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in established hairy roots
Get PDFRuellia tuberosa (family Acanthaceae) is widely known in traditional medicine in Asian countries for the treatment of diabetes and other diseases. Its roots were demonstrated to possess a hypoglycemic ability in diabetic animal models. In this study, an original induced procedure was investigated to establish hairy root (HR) from R. tuberosa. With the aim of increasing the transformation rate, some induced factors (acetosyringone (AS) dosage, type of explant, age, infection time, bacterial density, co-cultivation duration) were individually examined. As a result, an improved procedure was implemented: ten-day-old in vitro cotyledon explants were injured and then immersed in the bacterial suspension (OD600 nm = 0.4) added 200 µM AS during 10 min. The infected explants were co-cultivated for 4 days in the Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium before transferring to the medium containing cefotaxime for bacterial elimination. After thirty days of culture, the improved procedure revealed a synergistic effect by enhancing the rooting rate and number of secondary roots per explant up to 4.4- and 8.0-fold, respectively, in comparison with the original procedure. The R. tuberosa HR was then cultured in liquid MS medium and achieved the highest biomass production at the late exponential growth phase (3rd week). Its ethanol extract was also higher 2.0-fold in α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than that of the natural root. In conclusion, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of HR inducing by the improved procedure may offer an effective and reliable substitute for the utilization of this herbal plant
Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the growth and polyphenol production of medicinal plants: Ehretia asperula and Solanum procumben
Get PDFThe study was conducted to evaluate the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Rhizophagus intradices) on growth and polyphenol production of the two important and popular medicinal plants in Vietnam: Ehretia asperula Zoll. & Mor. and Solanum procumbens Lour. The results showed a significant effect of the fungus on the growth of these two species with the growth indices such as height, weight and P content that were all higher than those of non-AM plants; although the indices of AM symbiosis in the plant roots were not as high as other plants in previous studies. The effect of AM fungus on polyphenol production was different between the two species. In E. asperula, the effect of AM fungi on polyphenol production was not significant; whereas in S. procumbens, AM symbiosis significantly increased polyphenol production in plant biomass, especially in roots. The different growth times of the two species might cause the different effects of AM fungus on polyphenol production
Taxonomy, phytochemical and bioactive compounds and potential use as material with different drying methods of Alpinia latilabris Ridl. new record from Thailand
Get PDFAlpinia latilabris Ridl., a new record from Thailand, has great potential for use as a material for food and traditional medicine. Dried samples preserve the quality and avoid the degradation of phytochemicals. The aim here was to determine the taxonomy and changes in the phytochemical and bioactive compounds when using different drying methods as well as the antioxidant properties in this first report for this species. The results show that freeze-dried samples had greater quality volatile compounds, bioactive compounds, organic acid, phenolic acid, flavonoids and antioxidants compared with a fresh sample while having a microstructure similar to that of the fresh sample. The major volatile compounds were 1,8-cineole in fresh and dried samples, as confirmed by FTIR spectra. The bioactive chemicals are sensitive to thermal drying and sunlight due to degradation of the phytochemicals. This result can be useful information and be applied to the preparation of material for further development of functional foods, medicinal plants or cosmetics
Yield losses in wheat genotypes caused by stripe rust (Puccinia striifarmis f. sp. tritici) in North Delta, Egypt
No full textStripe (yellow) rust disease caused by Puccinia striifarmis f. sp. tritici, is a catastrophic wheat disease in wheat-growing regions around the world. The objective of this study was to investigate potential sources of stripe rust resistance and the yield loss of forty local wheat varieties at four locations in Egypt (Sakha, Mutubas, Qillin and Biyala), under yellow rust disease pressure compared to ‘Morroco’ variety, as control. To determine slow rusting in the field, the following parameters were recorded: final rust severity (FRS%), average coefficient of infection (ACI), relative resistance index (RRI) and reduction % in the 1000 kernel weight. The severity was higher in the second season than in the first. Seven wheat genotypes (‘Shaka 62’, ‘Shaka 9, ‘Shaka 95’, ‘Gemmiza 7’, ‘Sids 14’ and ‘Misr 3’) showed the high level of resistance, and FRS% values ranged from 0 to 20 moderately resistant (MR) during first season and achieved the least value of loss in TKW (1.28%) with ‘Misr 3’. Meanwhile, four genotypes (‘Sakha 93’, ‘Sakha 95’, ‘Sids 14’ and ‘Gim. 7’) remained highly resistant during the second season and identified to have good level of slow rusting resistance, which these genotypes showed FRS% values ranged from 5R to 30 moderately resistant-moderately susceptible (MRMS), ACI values ≤12, RRI values ≥6 and the loss % in TKW not exceed 12.54%. On the other hand, the lines; ‘Shaka 69’, ‘Shaka 88’, ‘Shaka 92’, ‘Giza 160’, ‘Giza 163’, ‘Gem 11’, ‘Sids 2’ and ‘Sids 6’ exhibited complete susceptibility at the four tested sites, recorded FRS% values >50. Meanwhile, cv. ‘Gem 11’ in 2018/2019 recorded the highest level of ACI ≥55, the lowest level of RRI≤4.05 and the highest loss% in TKW reached 40.69%. These findings could be used in the national wheat breeding program for stripe rust resistance in Egypt